• Journal of Life Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.57-61
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• 1999

This study was designed to develope the antioxidative activity on oxidation of human low density lipoprotein(LDL) from marine microbials. Bacillus KS-96 producign antioxidant have been isolated and identified from seawater, Bacillus sp. KS-96. The optimal medium pH was 7.0 and incubation temperature was 30$^{\circ}C$. The antiosidant of potential substance produced extracellularly in the culture broth by Bacillus sp. KS-96 was obtained by elution of silica gel culumn chromatography with hexane, ethylacetate and water. The ethylacetate faction are shown at highest level of antioxidant activity using thiocyanate method among them. By IR, NMR, and GC/MS, antioxidant purified from ehtylacetate fraction was identified and named as 2,6-dimethoxyphenol. 2,6-dimethoxyphenol inhibited the metal mediated oxidation of human LDL at concentration of 50∼100 ${\mu}$g/mL in the presence of 5uM CuSO4 with macrophage or J774 cells.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.631-638
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• 2009

GLEDITSIAE SPINA (GS) has been used as folk remedies traditionally for treatment of antiphlogistic and antifebrile agents. An ethanol extract and its fraction of GS were assessed to determine the mechanism of its antioxidant activity. Also, inhibitory effect of extract from GS and its fraction measuring the inhibitory effect on $Cu^{2+}$-induced human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. GS ethanol extract and its fraction exhibited a concentration-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) scavenging activities, including trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), OPPH radical, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite and nitric oxide, using different assay systems. Furthermore, the GS ethanol extract and its fraction showed dose-dependent protection of LDL oxidation induced by $CuSO_4$. In addition, the GS ethanol extract and its fraction were characterized as containing a high amount of total phenolics. These results suggest that GS ethanol extract and its fraction might be helpful for preventing oxidative stress and protecting LDL oxidation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2007

It is well known that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is the most characterized humoral factor that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The water extract of the Korean herbal remedy, ZoaGumHwan (ZGH), which is composed of roots of Coptis chinensis Franch and fruits of Evodia officinalis Dode with the ratio of 6 to 1, reduced the in vitro oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL). Also, the ZGH extract and berberine, one of the major components of ZGH, significantly prevented oxLDL-induced adhesion of monocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Furthermore, the ZGH water extract and berberine decreased oxLDL-induced expression of CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), a dominant monocyte chemotaxis receptor, in U937 human monocytic cells. The protective effects of the ZGH water extract and berberine were similar to those of simvastatin, an effective lipid-lowering drug. The results suggest that Korean herbal remedy, ZGH, seems to have protective effect against oxLDL-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1/CCR2-dependent monocyte recruitment onto endothelial cells.

• BMB Reports
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2000

The glycation process plays an important role in accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes, and the uptake of atherogenic lipoproteins by macrophage in the intima of the vessel wall leads to foam cell formation, an early sign of atherosclerosis. Besides the lipolytic action on the plasma triglyceride component, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) has been reported to enhance the cholesterol uptake by arterial wall cells. In this study, some properties of LPL-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and the effect of LDL glycation were investigated in RAW 264.7 cell, a murine macrophage cell line. In the presence of LPL, $^{125}I$-LDL binding to RAW 264.7 cells was increased in a dose-dependent manner. At concentrations greater than $20\;{\mu}g/ml$ of LPL, LPL-mediated LDL binding was increased about 17-fold, achieving saturation. Without LPL, both very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were ineffective in blocking the binding of $^{125}I$-LDL to Cells. However, LPL-enhanced LDL binding was inhibited about 50% by the presence of VLDL, while no significant effect was observed with HDL. Heat inactivation of LPL caused a 30% decrease of LDL binding. In the presence of LPL, the cells took up 40% of cell-bound native LDL. No significant difference was observed in cell binding between native and glycated LDL. However, the uptake of glycated LDL was significantly greater than that of native LDL, reaching to 70% of the total cell bound glycated LDL. These results indicate that LPL can cause the significant enhancement of LDL uptake by RAW 264.7 cells and the enhanced uptake of glycated LDL in the presence of LPL might play an important role in the accelerated atherogenesis in diabetic patients.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.366-371
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of the pentagalloic acid compound in inhibiting the metal ions and cell lines that mediate in low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Pentagalloic acid prolonged the lag time preceeding the onset of conjugated diene formation. In chemically induced LDL oxidation by Cu$^2$(sup)+ plus hydrogen peroxide or peroxyl radical generated by 2, 2-azo-vis (2-amidino propane) hydrochloride (AAPH), pentagalloic acid inhibited LDL oxidation as monitored by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), malondialdehyde(MDA), and gel electrophoretic mobility. The physiological relevance of the antioxidative activity was validated at the cellular level where pentagalloic acid inhibited mouse macrophage J774 and endothelial cell-mediated LDL oxidation. When compared with several other antioxidants, pentagalloic acid showed a much higher ability than naturally occuring antioxidants, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and ascorbic acid, and the synthetic antioxidant, probucol.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1235-1243
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• 1998

Although an elevated plasma level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as a protective component against the development of atherosclerosis and ensuing coronary heart diseases, the related mechanisms are still not established . It has been clearly demonstrated in the early stages of atherogenesis that adhesion of monocytes and lymphocytes to the vascular endothelium is enhanced via adhesion molecules, and that monocytes and macrophages accumulate in the subendothelial space. The present study has investigated whether isolated plasma HDL plays a role in protection against atherogenesis by inhibiting the expression of vascular cell adhesioin molecule-1(VCAM-1) on the endothelial cells. Effects of plasma native low density lipoprotein (LDL) and ac ethylated LDL(AcLDL) on VCAM-1 expression were also examined by using an immunocytochemical technique. While plasma HDL did not alter the basal expression of VCAM-1 , lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induction of this adhesion modlecule was markedly inhibited at a phyaiological concentration of HDL. In contrast, 30$\mu\textrm{g}$ protein/ml AcLDL increased sifnificantly both basal VCAM-1 expression and its LPD induction , suggesting that this modified LDL enhances leukocyte adhesiion to endothelial cells. Unlike AcLDL , plasma native LDL inhibited significantly VCAM-1 expression. This indicates that LDL did not undergo oxidative modificantion while incubated with endothelial cells. These results suggest that plasam HDL may inhibit atherogenesis by reducing the expression of adhesion molecules, which is a protective mechanism independent of tis reverse cholesterol transport function . Modified LDL is a potent iducer for adhesion molecules in vascular endothelical cells and could play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by adhering to blood cells.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1997

갈근(Puerariae radix)을 MeOH 추출물에서 silica gel column chromatography를 이용하여 플라보노이드 화합물인 daidzin 및 puerarin를 분리하여 low density li-poprotein의 산화에 대하여 실험하였다. 이들 플라보노이드중 daidzin의 경우 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$에서 puerarin은 600$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$의 농도에서 5$\mu$M Cu$^{2+}$ 매개산화 LDL에 대하여 억제 효과가 좋았다. 이때 같은 농도의 diadzin과 puerarin를 첨가한 산화 LDL의 전기영동의 이동거리는 native LDL 보다는 약간 높았으나 oxidized LDL의 대조군 보다는 이동거리가 낮았다. 또 J774 및 macrophages 유도 산화 LDL에 있어서도 100$\mu\textrm{g}$ daidzin과 600$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ puerarin을 첨가 하였을 때 억제효과 나타났다. LDL을 5$\mu$M Cu$^{2+}$존재하에서 산화시킬 때 동일 농도의 daidzin과 puerarin 을 첨가하면 conjugated dienes의 생성이 거의 억제되었다.

• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영양학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회 초록
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• pp.43-43
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• 1996

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 1999

Apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) is an important component in plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL). It function as the ligand for the LDL receptor in peripheral cells. The LDLs are removed from the circulation by both high-affinity receptor-mediated and receptor-independant pathways. LDLs are heterogeneous in their lipid content, size and density and certain LDL subspecies increase risk of atherosclerosis due to differences in the conformation of apo B in the particle. In the present study , surface and core peptide fraction of Apo B-100 have been characterized by comparing peptide-mapping and fluorescence spectroscopy. Surface fragments of apo B-100 were generated by digestion of LDL with either trypsin , pronase, or pancreatin elastase. Surface fractions were fractionated on a Sephadex G-50 column. The remaining core fragments were delipidated and redigested with the above enzymes, and the resulting core peptides were compared with surface peptides. Results from peptide-mapping by HPLC showed pronase-digestion was more extensive than trypsin -digestion to remove surface peptide fraction from LDL. Fluorescence spectra showed that core fractions contained higher amount of tryptophan than surface fractions, and it indicated that core fraction wa smore hydrophobic than surface fractions. A comparison of the behavior of the core and surface provided informations about the regions of apo B-100 involved in LDL metabolism and also about the structural features concerning the formation of atherosclerosis.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations among the anthropometry, serum lipid levels and nutrient intake in Korean female university students. The subjects were 119 female students at a university located in Incheon. This study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric data were measured and blood lipid levels were analyzed. Nutrient intake collected from 3 day-recalls was analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. The data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 program. Average age, height and weight of the subjects were 20.9 years, 160.1cm and 54.3kg, respectively. Average serum TG (triglyceride), total cholesterol, HDL-C (high density lipoprotein-cholesterol) and LDL-C (low density lipoprotein-cholesterol) levels of the subjects were 69.47mg/dl, 146.85 mg/dl, 50.49mg/dl and 82.52mg/dl, respectively. Average AI (atherogenic index) of the subjects was 2.03, which was in the normal range based on risk values. Average intake of most nutrients except protein, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin C and phosphorus were lower than the Korean RDA. Especially calcium and iron intakes of the subjects were under 65% of the Korean RDA. Serum TG, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels were negatively correlated with DBP (diastolic blood pressure). HDL-C/LDL-C and HDL-C/total cholesterol were positively correlated with height. Age was positively correlated with phosphorus intake. DBP of the subjects was positively correlated with calcium and iron intakes. Serum TG level was positively correlated with total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and AI, while negatively correlated with HDL-C/total cholesterol. Total cholesterol level was positively correlated with HDL-C, LDL-C and AI, while negatively correlated with HDL-C/LDL-C, HDL-C/total cholesterol. HDL-C level was positively correlated with LDL-C, HDL-C/LDL-C and HDL-C/total cholesterol, while negatively correlated with AI. LDL-C level was negatively correlated with HDL-C/LDL-C and HDL-C/total cholesterol, while positively correlated with AI HDL-C/LDL-C ratio was positively correlated with HDL-C/total cholesterol and AI. HDL-C/total cholesterol was negatively correlated with AI. Fat intake was positively correlated with total cholesterol, HDL-C level, and vitamin B$_2$ intake was positively correlated with TG, HDL-C/LDL-C. Therefore, nutrition education is necessary for female university students to promote the lipid profile and to optimize the nutritional status. (J Community Nutrition 4(3) : 151∼158, 2002)