• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-18
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• 1988

The general objective of this research is to study behavioral pattern of health care utilization and to measure the level of utilization of the traditional medicine. The specific objective is to study utilization pattern and content of folk medicine which is the indegenous medical technology recognized part of traditional medicine. This research was under taken to generate valid information that will provide basis data for formulating general direction for health education activities and for designing service package for general population. A social survey method was employed to obtain required information for the research activities, The survey field team consisted of 20 surveyors who all participated is an intensive 2 day training course. A total of 3091 households were visited and interviewed by the field team during the period 7 September to 6 October 1987. The major findings obtained from the information collected by the field survey are as follows ; 1) General characteristics of the study households 2562 households out of 3091 households visited were selected for final data process, 80.2 of the selected households were nuclear families ; 17.4%, extended families ; others 2.4%. Only 4.3 percent of the study population in the urban households indicated "no schooling" whereas 14.2% of the rural household members falls within this category. Study population in the urban areas are more protected against diseases by the national medical insurance system than those in rural areas. In their self appraisal of living standard, those who responded with low group are 39.6% and 50.3% respectively by urban and rural households. 2) Morbidity status Period prevalence rate for all diseases during the preceding 15 days before the date of the household interview v as 243,0 per 1,000 study population. For cases with the illness duration of within 15 days, the initial points of medical entry were diversied ; 56.9%, drug stores ; 30.9%, clinics and hospitals ; 4.6% folk medicine ; 1.7% clinics of Korean oriental medicine. Among the chronic case; with illness duration of over 90 days, 34.6% of these people utilized clinics and hospitals of modern medicine ; 31.6%, drug stores ; 18.6% clinics of Korean oriental medicine ; 6.8% folk medical techniques. Noticeable is the almost ten fold increase from the mere 0.9% in the utilization of Korean oriental medicine, whereas in the utilization of folk medicine, it is short of two-fold increase. 3) Folk medicine and its utilization Households that use folk medicine for relief and care of signs and symptoms commonly encountered in daily life, number 1969 households, which accounts for 76.9% of all the study households. This rather high level use of folk medicine is not different from rural to urban areas. The order of frequency of utilizing folk medicine among the study people are : the highest 14.3% for the relief of indigestion ; 8.6% for burns ; 5.1% for common cold ; 4.7% for hiccough ; and 4.2% for hordeolum. A present various procedures of folk medicine is being used to relieve all kinds of symptoms. 192 symptoms are identified at present. The most frequently used procedures of folk medicine appear to be based either on principles of the Korean oriental medicine or of scientific knowledge. Based on these survey findings, proposals for utilizing folk medicine are as follows First, this survey's findings will be feed back to both on the job training and on the spot guidance of community health practitioners, public health nurses and other peripheral work force in the health field, who are in daily contacts with community. This feed back will assure that the health personnel carry out their health education and information activities that are based on the utilization pattern of folk medicine as found in the survey result. Second, studies will be soon implemented that are designed to measure the efficiency and potency of these procedures and to improve these procedures of folk medicine were most frequently used by the community. Third, studies will continue to systematize medicinal plants and skills of Korean oriental medicine that are easily available at minimal cost in daily life for the prevention of diseases and management of emergency cases.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.139-167
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• 2009

A new public insurance for long-term care was introduced in July 2008 to provide for the rising demand for long-term care as the population is aging rapidly. The demand for long-term care is expected to rise further because more and more elderly are living alone or in households with only other elderly, such as his/her spouse, without informal care of their adult children. Even when the elderly are living together with their adult children, daughters and daughters in law, once the main informal care-givers, are not available because they choose to become economically active and work more over time. Experiences of countries such as Japan and Germany with similar public long-term care insurance scheme highlight the importance of detailed analysis on the demand for long-term care for the financial stability of the insurance scheme. Countries which had underestimated the demand for long-term care at the time of adopting the scheme went through financial instability of insurance schemes. This study analyzes the determinants of the demand for long-term care using data from the second demonstration project (April 2006~April 2007) of the long-term care insurance scheme for the elderly in Korea. Taking full advantage of detailed data on the long-term care, this paper analyzes the eligibility for the long-term care insurance scheme and its use. According to study results, even when common diseases among the elderly such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, dementia, hypertension, etc. are controlled together with other individual and socioeconomic factors, limitations the elderly are faced with in their twelve activities of daily living significantly affect the eligibility for the Korean Long-term Care Insurance Scheme. This means that limitations in daily living activities are more critical than common diseases among the elderly are to the eligibility for the Korean Long-term Care Insurance Scheme. Bathing and toileting problems have been found to be the most important factor affecting the eligibility for the insurance scheme, followed by eating, dressing and moving around inside the house. Moreover, the choices of whether to use long-term care and which to use between home care and institutional care are found to be significantly influenced by health status and various socioeconomic factors of the elderly. In particular, those with more limitations in daily living activities and the female elderly are more likely to use long-term care and institutional care rather than home care. As for home care users, those living alone or with adult children and those with monthly household income of more than 500,000 won are more likely to use home care. Most importantly, even when the monthly household income of the elderly is controlled, the elderly recipients of the National Basic Living Security, who are not charged for long-term care, are more likely to choose home care. This implies that price as well as income is a critical factor for the decision to use long-term care. Further study on the duration of long-term care use will surely enhance the long-term care policy, when panel data is available for simultaneous analysis of the likelihood of long-term care use and its use duration.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.15-31
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the level of stress recognition of urban housewife and the method of coping, and to explore bow these factors are influenced by socio-demographic variables such as the age of housewife, level of education, status of employment, number of children, durations of marriage, types of family, religion and socio-economic status. The research was conducted on 431 housewives in Seoul in August, 1985. As for the measurement of the instrument, 48 item questionnaire made by investigator was used. The questionnaire was based upon modified and upplemented Holme & Rahe's SRRS and Bell's 18-item Questionnaire to be appropriate to Korean culture. Data were analyzed by percentage, frequency and mean, and verified significant difference by ANOVA and performed Spearman's correlation coefficient. The results of this study are as follows; 1) There is some similarity in distribution of the level of stress recognition of urban housewife. 2) the level of education and the durations of marriage have influence upon the level of stress recognition of urban housewife. In each area, there are differences among groups : age, level of education, durations of marriage, number of children and types of family in the area of education ; age, status of employment, and durations of marriage in the area of health; level of education, durations of marriage, number of children and socio-economic status in the area of finance; status of employment in the area of household work. 3) There are several methods in the method of coping to stress of housewife and the score of long-term coping method appears higher than that of short-term. 4) The level of education, number of children, religion and socio-economic status were variables to have influence on the method level of education, religion and socio- economic status were variables to have influence and in the long-term coping method level of education, number of children, religion, and socio-economic status were to have influence. 5) There is very low positive correlation between the level of stress recognition of urban housewife and the method of coping to stress( ρ=.10, P<.05). 6)In the relation between several variables in socio-demographic variables and the method to coping to stress, the lower the level of stress recognition there are negative correlation (ρ=-.28, P<.01) between religion and the method of coping and also negative correlation (ρ=-.16, P<.05) between number of children and the method of coping. There are positive correlation between socio-economic status and the method of coping.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.37-50
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze the core content of consumer area from 1st to 2009 revised middle school Home Economics textbooks with the aim of proposing guidelines. An in-depth content analysis was conducted twenty two Home Economics textbooks that have been used in middle schools, beginning with the first curriculum until the revised 2009 curriculum with word cloud. The major findings of this study were as follows; First, the first period of the textbooks emphasized thrift-related concepts such as budgeting and saving money. The second and third period in Home Economics textbooks focused on household work and resource management. From fifth period, the content of textbooks were emphasized learning how to find relevant information and making rational decisions as a consumer. The 2007 revised and 2009 revised period in Home Economics have focused on rational decision-making by adolescents, while taking into account environmental considerations. The content of textbooks now introduces students to the notions of ethical consumerism and eco-friendly consumption across domains such as clothing, food, and housing. The curriculum and content of textbooks in Home Economics should emphasize the concepts related to ethical consumption.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.351-361
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• 1995

The main purpose of the study is to identify critical risk factors for development of a family assessment tool to screen high risk family. This study used a conceptual framework of family diagnosis developed by Eui-sook Kim's (1993) and analyzed risk factors to identify the high risk family. As employing a explorative and methodological study design, this study has four stages. 1. In the first stage, 34 family risk factors were identified by doing intensive literature review on conceptual framework of family diagnoses. 2. In the second stage, above risk factors were tested for content validity by consultation with 29 persons in community health nursing, nursing education, family theory, and social work. 3. In the third stage, existing survey data was used for actual application of the identified risk factors. The survey data used for this purpose was previously collected for the community diagnosis in a region of Seoul. At the final stage, through the comparison between high risk and low risk families, initially identified 34 risk factors decreased to 25 risk factors. Among 34 risk factors, six factors did not agree with content of questionnaries sand two factors were not significant in differentiating the high risk family Also, two risk factors showed high correlation between themselves, so only one of those two factors was chosen. As a result, twenty-five risk factors chosen to identify the high risk family are following ; 1. A single parent family due to divorce or death of a partner, or unweded single mother 2. A family with an unrelated household members 3. A family with a working mother with a young child 4. A family with no regular income 5. A family with no rule in family or too strict rules 6. A family with little or no support from other lam-ily members 7. A family with little or no support from friends or relatives 8. A family with little or no time to share with each other 9. A family with family history of hypertension, diabetus, cancer 10. A family with a sick person 11. A family with a mentally ill person 12. A family with a disabled person 13. A family with an alcoholic person 14. A family with a excessive smoker who smokes more than 1 pack / day 15. A family with too much salt intake in their diet. 16. A family with inappropriate management skills for family health 17. A family with high utilization of drug store than hospital to solve the health problems of the family 18. A family with disharmony between husband and wife 19. A family with conflicts among the family members 20. A family with unequal division of labor among family members 21. An authoritative family structure 22. A socially isolated family 23. The location of house is not residential area 24. A family with high risk of accidents 25. The drinking water and sewage systems are not hygienic. The main implication of the results of this study is clinical use. The high risk factors can be used to identify the high risk family effectively and efficiently. The use of high risk factors woule contribute to develop a conceptual framework of family diagnosis in Korea and the list of risk factors need to be revised continuously. Further researches are needed to develop an index of weight of each risk factor and to validate the risk factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.421-425
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• 2012

Cancer can be a major cause of poverty. This may be due either to the costs of treating and managing the illness as well as its impact upon people's ability to work. This is a concern that particularly affects countries that lack comprehensive social health insurance systems and other types of social safety nets. The ACTION study is a longitudinal cohort study of 10,000 hospital patients with a first time diagnosis of cancer. It aims to assess the impact of cancer on the economic circumstances of patients and their households, patients' quality of life, costs of treatment and survival. Patients will be followed throughout the first year after their cancer diagnosis, with interviews conducted at baseline (after diagnosis), three and 12 months. A cross-section of public and private hospitals as well as cancer centers across eight member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) will invite patients to participate. The primary outcome is incidence of financial catastrophe following treatment for cancer, defined as out-of-pocket health care expenditure at 12 months exceeding 30% of household income. Secondary outcomes include illness induced poverty, quality of life, psychological distress, economic hardship, survival and disease status. The findings can raise awareness of the extent of the cancer problem in South East Asia and its breadth in terms of its implications for households and the communities in which cancer patients live, identify priorities for further research and catalyze political action to put in place effective cancer control policies.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.155-173
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to find factors affecting the psychological well-being of married working women in Seoul. For this purpose, survey data form 332 employed married women residing in Seoul are used to evaluate the relative effects of Psychological well-being of married working women. Survey questions included demographic information, housework and child-rearing related variables, work related variables, variables related with social support systems, items on child care services for the preschoolers, and psychological well-being of married working women. The major findings were as follows: 1) The psychological well-being of married working women score is 36.14(mean score is 32). The difference between the psychological well-being of married working women varied this according to socio-demographic variables: educational level, income level, spouse's support, occupation, and job satisfaction. 2) The factors that affected psychological well-bing were amount of household labor by husband, job satisfaction, socio-support systems, and educare service satisfaction. 3) The factor that had the most significant impact on the psychological well-being of married working women is job satisfaction. It is suggested to utilize the Employment Assistant Program to establish friendly working environment for married women.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.413-418
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• 1998

Methoxy polyoxyethylene dodecanoates are a kind of nonionic surfactants obtainable from reaction of fatty acid methyl ester with ethylene oxide utilizing a solid catalyst. Methoxy polyoxyethylene dodecanoates have economical advantage compared with polyoxyethylene dodecyl ethers using fatty alcohol. In this work, the solubilizing capacity concerned with phase behavior of ternary systems composed of nonionic surfactant/water/oil, interfacial tension and detergency at the phase inversion temperature(PIT) were investigated and compared with those of polyoxyethylene dodecyl ethers in order to confirm the applicability of methoxy polyoxyethylene dodecanoates in the detergents. Methoxy polyoxyethylene dodecanoates showed the solubilizing capacity of 10~18% for hexadecane which were about 6% higher than polyoxyethylene dodecyl ethers. At the PIT condition, methoxy polyoxyethylene dodecanoates' interfacial tension were 0.0124~0.0176 dyne/cm while polyoxyethylene dodecyl ethers have the value of 0.013~0.0163 dyne/cm and methoxy polyoxyethylene dodecanoates showed higher detergency of 82.1~83.2% than polyoxyethylene dodecyl ethers of 76.5~77.3%. The good detergency performance of methoxy polyoxyethylene dodecanoates would be due to the higher oil solubilizing power and lower interfacial tension than polyoxyethylene dodecyl ethers at the PIT condition.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.31-44
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of rural residential environmemts accompanied by the rural village improvement projects. The results of this study can be a guidoline for further betterment works of rural village envirnments. This sutdy is composed of the survey of two major parts, one Is the interview of the residents and the survey of existing conditions of residential environments, and the other is a questionnaire survey of the mental image, preference and satisfaction for each village residential environments. Based on preliminary investigation, five rural villages, located In Kyungsamgun., Kyungbuk province, were selected as sutdy sites. The major results are summarized as follows; 1. In socio-cultural enveronments, the ratio of compound and non - agricultural household are increased with the modernization of rural villages. On the ocher hand, the numbers of neighbor's association are considerably decreased. This means the traditional community of korean rural villages are diminishing. 2. In physical environments, the ratio of improved western type gouses are increased In modprnized villages. And the modernization is most remarkable in the palls of fences and gardens. 3. By the result of the analysis of residfnt's environmental image and preference, the image scores of urban, formal, mdoern, etc. are showed to be high. And the preference is also high in modernized villages. But in general, the Preference for the village environment is comparatively low in all villages. This means the improvememt work should be continuous and systematic. 4. By the result of stepwise regression analysis, the variables, affecting the preference of village environment. are regularity, familiarity, amount of greenery, beauty of surrounding scenery, convenience, cleanness, etc. The R2s of the perference models were 0.4486 ∼0.9395, Which are considered to be high. 5. In the satisfaction for each residences, the toilets are mostly dis - satisfying. With the modernization of vilelages, the needs for environmental quality by residents are increased. 6. In the satisfaction for village enveironments, the satisfaction level is most low in service facilities, such as public bath, barbershop. And the satisfaction for the scenic beauty, the amenity of surrondings, and the com munity of the traditional villages, are commparatively high in conventional villges. 7. The imporvement works, based on the characteristics of each rural villages, are recommended. And the tradition of Jung - ja tree spaces and harmony with surrounding landscape of traditional villages, must be conserved with good regards.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.185-205
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the adult attachment of married employees, their job motivation and marital relationship. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was carried out with 370 married employees in the Chungnam area as the target from Sep. 10 to Oct. 14, 2016. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0 using descriptive statistical analysis, the independent sample T-test, ANOVA analysis, Pearson correlation, and structural equation analysis. First, significant differences were revealed in the level of attachment avoidance, satisfaction with the marriage relationship, and job motivation according to the age group, in the level of attachment avoidance and satisfaction with the marriage relationship according to the education level, in the level of attachment avoidance and satisfaction with the marriage relationship according to the marriage period, in job motivation according to the position, in satisfaction with the marriage relationship according to the average household income, and in satisfaction with the marriage relationship according to the work shift pattern. Second, although a significant negative correlation appeared between attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, a significant positive correlation was found between attachment avoidance and job motivation. Also, although a significant negative correlation appeared between attachment avoidance and marital relationship, a significant positive correlation was found between job motivation and marital relationship. Third, to examine the mediating effect of satisfaction with the marital relationship on the relationship between adult attachment and job motivation, a structural equation analysis was carried out. As a result, the indirect effect of attachment anxiety on job motivation turned out to be significant and its complete mediating effect was confirmed. This suggests that when developing programs to improve job motivation within the workplace or consultative interventions for the enhancement of marital relationships, the above characteristics of individuals should be taken into consideration.