• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.229-242
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• 1997

the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of household type on human capital enhancement expenditures and to compare the difference in these expenditures between female-hemale-headed and married-couple households. Data for this study were from the 1990-91 Consumer Expenditure Survey(CES) and consisted of a sample of 7,225 married-couple and 1,391 female-headed households with children under age 18. The dependent variable to measure human capital expenditures was the sum of four sub-components-education reading leisure and health care expenditures. Tobit analysis with a dummy variable for household type was used to identify the effect of household type on the dollars spent on human capital expenditures. The effect of household type was significant in human capital expenditures indicating that female-headed households spent significantly less for this category than did married-couple household holding other factors constant. the findings of this study suggested that income from a public assistance program was associated with lesser expenditures on human capital while social security income source was associated with greater human capital expenditures, It was also found that the addition of family members between ages of 6 and 17 positively affected human capital expenditures. Understanding these factors is useful for family resource management professionals who work with female-headed households.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.266-272
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• 2014

The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System provides third-party verification for environmentally sustainable construction. But while LEED-certified buildings provide healthier work and living environments, Previous studies have shown that LEED certification does not provide any direct economic incentives to owners and developers. To address this issue, this study aims to investigate the economic benefits of LEED criteria. The objective of this study is to examine whether or not there is a significant correlation between median household income and the number of bus stops and light rail stations for a given parcel that meet LEED sustainable site criteria for public transportation access. The findings showed that the number of bus stops had a positive correlation with median household income, which means that more bus stops a given parcel had that met LEED criteria, the greater the median household income of a block group where the given parcel was located would be, though this positive correlation was very weak.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.19-30
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• 1999

The measurement of women's unpaid work is one of the important issues for the improvement of women's status and establishment of a women policy. The purpose of this study is to measure of household production of housewife and to estimate the ratio to GDP. And to emphasize the political meaning of housework The results are as follow; 1) The monetary value of housework of one housewife in 1995 was 783,050won by opportunity cost method . 2) The ratio of household production to GDP 1995 was approximately 16.5%.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examine the family resources, stress level, and coping strategies of reemployed wives, to direct the better psycho-physical environment, and to enhance the quality of their home environment for reemployed wives. The data were analyzed with the frequency, percentage, factor analysis, mean(S.D), reliability, and regression using SPSS windows program. The major findings were as follows : (1) There were significant relationships between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the family resources and stress level. Personal-psycho resources was important variable in the family resources. The household work and value of household work were most influential. (2) Influential variables on stress level were income and working hours, resources of family task sharing. (3) Influential variables on coping strategies were age, reemployed time, and family task sharing. Coping strategies was effected by the reasons of employment.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 1995

This study is to analyze the effect of neighborhood commercial facilities on the homeproduction activities and the family expenditure(or household work time). For this purpose. data are collected by using questionnaires distributed to 522 housewives in Seoul. The results shows that in the highly goods-intensive environment. the way of homeproduction is goods-intensive. Market dependence of the family is affected by homeproduction predisposition. income. and husband's job. Household work dependence of the .family is affected by neighborhood facility environment. family type. income. and house value. Low home production supportability is apparent in the high family income. full-time housewives and low job status of housewife. On the other hand. high homeproduction supportability is apparent in the moderate income and high job status of housewife. As a result. housewives have much time and money resourses are not well supported by the neighborhood facility environment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.145-158
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• 1996

The puropse of the study is to investigate value consciousness and management behavior of the new-generation housewives' on the family life, that is to say, household work, time management, money management, human-relationship, reducing environ-mertal pollution. To achieve this purposes, reviewing literatures and emporical research have been conducted. The sample of this study was selected from the married women living in Seoul. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows. The mean score of new-generation housewives' value consciousness on the family life was relatively high(3,94 out of 5). The mean score of value consciousness on reducing environmental pollution was the highest, and that on household work was the lowest. The mean score of new-generation housewives' management behavior on the family life was a little high(3.47 out of 5). The mean score of management behavior on reducing environmental pollution was the highest, and that on money management was the lowest. The new-generation urban housewives' have responded positively concerning the relationship between value consciousness and management behavior on the family life.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.49-60
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• 1994

Recently there has been new work schedule developed in some companies which means starting the work at 7 and finishing at 4 This article studied on the effects of new work schedule on the time allocation by married couples. It was compared with the time spent by married couples in group of old work schedule. And it studied whether the change of work schedule affects the time allocation and satisfaction of couples. This survey was conducted from November to December 1993 One hundred and twenty none couples were considered to be valid sample for this study. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. Couples with new work schedule did perceive changes in the time allocation. 2. The total time for transportation and market work of husbands was decreased and leisure time showed a increase when there is new work schedule. 3. Husbands with new work schedule perceived that they spent more time in the household work leisure sharing with their children and sharing with spouses than husbands with old work schedule. 4. Couples with new work schedule showed higher marital satisfaction and family life satisfaction than couples with old work schedule.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.197-200
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• 2013

Background: A variety of sociodemographic factors, such as gender, age, household income, and educational level, influence individuals' likelihood of smoking.Work-related factors may also be linked to smoking behavior.We sought to investigate the relationship between smoking and work environment in South Korea. Methods: We analyzed data from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to determine whether there was an association between smoking and occupation type (e.g., manual, nonmanual, or service work), night-shift work, and hours worked/week (e.g., <40, 40-48, 49-60, or >60 hours) for 4,685 workers. Regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic variables such as age, recent alcohol consumption, hours slept, educational level, and household income. Results: The prevalence of smoking was 50.1% in men and 7.2% in women. For women, manual workers had 2.34 times [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-5.36] greater odds of smoking compared with nonmanual workers, whereas service workers had 2.37 times greater odds (95% CI: 1.28-4.40). Furthermore, women who worked 49-60 hours had 2.21 times greater odds of smoking (95% CI: 1.10-3.75) as compared with women who worked 40-48 hours. Conclusion: Women who work long hours or who are employed in service or manual positions are more likely to smoke. These results indicate a need in South Korea to target these specific groups when creating nonsmoking policies.

• Proceedings of KHEA Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.53-53
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• 1997

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.147-159
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• 1998

Given the dramatic increase in the percentage of married women working in clercial occupations and the inflexibility of work commitments for employees working in this domain, this paper investigates the division of household labor between married female clerical workers and their husbands, and their sources of external help. The total housework time of couples, the percent of total housework done by husbands, and a scale measuring the wife’s perception of the frequency with which her husband does specific household tasks are all used to measure the division of household labor between couples. Data for 143 couples were gathered from using structured questionares and the time dairies that included one weekday and one weekend day. The findings of this study are as follows; 1) The couples receive substantial support in housework from their mothers. 2) Wives spend an average of 23 hours and 26 minutes per week on household labor, whereas husbands spend an average 7 hours and 7 minutes per week. Husbands do an average of 20.9% of all housework done by the couples. Wives typically perceive that their husbands are not frequently participating in a variety of household tasks(mean = 2.88 on a 5-point Likert scale where 1=never and 5=always). 3) Multivariate analysis reveal that working hours is negatively related to while the presence of child under 6 years old is positively related to total housework. Time availability variables(e.g. working hours and the presence of child under 6 years old) and relative resource variables(e.g. the rate of wife’s income on that of husband) are related to the percent of total housework done by husbands. The sex-role attitude variables are related to the wife’s perceptions of the frequency with which her husband does specific household tasks.