• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2018

Objectives : This study aimed to identify the factors influencing insufficient physical activity in community-dwelling elderly individuals with dementia. Methods : Data were analyzed using a 2014 Survey of Living Conditions of Elderly Individuals. Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) hours were calculated using self-reported weekly frequency, duration, and types of physical activities to measure the degree of physical activity. Results : Mean MET hours were $4.03{\pm}8.59$. Factors influencing insufficient physical activity included limitations in activities of daily living (ADL), lower frequency of social group participation and unsatisfactory relationships with friends or community. When demographic factors were adjusted, patients with ADL limitation had 11.2 times higher risks of insufficient physical activities than those without. Conclusions : Community-dwelling elderly with dementia performed low levels of physical activity. Further research is needed to develop strategies to encourage physical activity participation in this population.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.660-661
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• 2015

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a nascent technology in Korea, and currently lacks formal guidelines to assist Architectural and Engineering (AE) firms in estimating BIM service fees, while also allowing government agencies to allocate budgets for the rendered BIM services. This research provides a method to estimate costs for BIM services based on the cost-plus pricing framework. The approach requires a generalized estimate of the man hour per floor area data to calculate the direct labor costs. Man-hour data were collected from forty five projects that have implemented BIM. Interpolation of the man-hours was performed to develop a general reference table for 'Type 2' (i.e., public schools and office buildings, etc.) projects. By providing an objective approach for estimating the costs of BIM services, it allows clients and AE firms to agree upon a fair cost for BIM related services, and thus expedite its adoption in Korea.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.375-379
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the evolution of mobility after the commercial opening of french TGV through an examination on the precedent studies. The result of this study is as follows: Firstly, the TGV is competitive against the airplanes and automobiles within the 2 or 3 hours' service area, especially in the business trip markets. But in the recreational trips over this service area, 3 or 4 hours, the TGV remains as an important mode of transportation. Secondly, in a range within approximately 200 km, 1 hour by TGV, the french high speed train is not competitive against the automobiles by the lack of flexibility and commodity which are normally providing by the automobiles. This study shows the importance of permanent monitoring system on the KTX travellers' behavior to strengthen the market share of KTX.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2001

The purpose of this research is intended to analyze the actual condition of in-service training for the teachers who teach Home Economics Education in the middle and high school and to survey their viewpoints on the actual condition of the in-service training. So I could find the effective ways on the in-service training by finding many kinds of needs and improvements on the basis of present problems in the Home Economics Education. The research results are as follows : 1. This research indicated that most teachers answered that the most proere significant per time of the in-service training was the school vacations(49.5%). 63.4% of the teachers answered that the present 60 hours on the question of how many hours are appropriate is proper. On the question of what the most proper cycle for the educational training is. 47.2% of the teachers answered that the present 3-year cycle is appropriate. 35% of them supported the selecting system for the trainee according to the experienced or non-experienced for the up-to-date in-service training. And 35% of them answered that the speakers for the training program must be the experienced teachers in education. In the contents of the training program. many teacher insisted that the percentage of the text for the major should be raised(49.6%). According to the survey about the teaching and learning methods and evaluation. teachers were satisfied with the levels of satisfaction on the teaching and learning methods in 65.1%. This survey indicated that teacher preferred the discussion and case study(35.9%). the practice-centered class(29.3%) and the on-the-spot study(20.9%) in order on the teaching methods. In terms of the educational environment. 56.9% of the teachers answered the number of trainee is too many and they suggested that the proper number of trainee is about 20∼30. 2. This research showed that the most important problem of this training system was the over-population of the trainee(33.5%) and the most severe problem of the educational environment was the lack of air-cooled and heated system(24.8%).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.230-235
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the health status of Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF) soldiers changed after one year of military service. Methods: We selected 483 ROKAF soldiers from the 11 749 recruits who participated in the 2011 physical examination. The selected soldiers underwent another physical examination in 2012 for advancement to senior airman. Data from 2011 and 2012 were merged. To collect data on lifestyle, a questionnaire was sent to all included subjects via the military intranet e-mail service. Results: The percentage of recruits with an abnormal alanine transaminase level (normal range <40 IU/L) decreased from recruitment (13.7%) to the following year (2.7%). Moreover, the percentage of obese soldiers (body mass index ${\geq}25kg/m^2$) decreased from recruitment (20.5%) to the following year (10.4%). There was a significant change in mean duration of exercise carried out each day before ($0.8{\pm}1.3$ hours) and after ($1.0{\pm}0.7$ hours) joining the ROKAF service. Conclusions: These ROKAF soldiers were generally in good health before and after joining the armed service. After one year of military service, the health status of most soldiers improved, especially with respect to body mass index and alanine transaminase level.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 1990

This study was conducted to estimate the ratio of Repair & Maintenance (R&M) costs to purchasing price that is one of the important factors for calculating the management costs of farm machinery. For this purpose, hour of use and R & M costs of power tiller and its attachments utilized results that were investigated with 400 sample units, 50 units by years of use from 1 to 8 years in 1988. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The ratio of R & M costs per hours and annual R & M costs, accumulated R & M costs when sercice life of power tiller is 7 years were 0.017%, 5.50% and 38.52%, respectively. And in case of rotary, these ratio when its service life is 6 years were 0.072%, 7.16% and 43.0%, respectively. 2. The relationship between accumulated hours of use(t) and accumulated R & M costs(Y) of power tiller and its attachments were $Y=19.3t^{1.3}$ in power tiller, $Y=0.03t^{2.09}$ in plow, $Y=48.84t^{1.25}$ in rotary and $Y=7.45t^{1.15}$ in trailer. 3. The ratio of accumulated R & M costs to purchasing price when service life of power tiller is 7 years was 38.5%, and in case of rotary, this ratio when its service life is 6 years was 43.0%.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of waxy barley Injeulmi made with additions of Baekbokryung powder. The moisture contents of the samples ranged from 48.10 to 49.74%, and among the treatments, the waxy barley Injeulmi that did not contain Baekbokryung powder had the highest moisture content 49.74%. The color values, for lightness(L-value), redness (a-value), and yellowness (b-value) were in ranges of $47.42{\sim}52.11,\;2.25{\sim}3.00,\;and\;l2.77{\sim}13.56$, respectively, and redness increased with increasing Baekbokryung powder content. In the texture analysis, hardness was lowest for the 12% Baekbokryung-added Injeulmi during 12 hours of storage. Adhesiveness and cohesiveness did not differ significantly among the treatments throughout the storage period. For all of the samples, springiness was highest immediately after steaming, and chewiness was lowest with 24 hours of storage. The 9% addition of Baekbokryung powder determined the best formula for the Injeulmi based on sensory qualities such as flavor, sweetness, and overall acceptability.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2018

Background: The present study assessed the response of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L., Jangdae) seed to NaCl and the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on kenaf seed germination and vigor. Methods and Results: Seed germination ranged from 11.3% to 58.8% after 24 hours of immersion in NaCl concentrations from 0% to 0.5%. The priming treatments had lower electrical conductivity (EC) values for the seeds than for the control and a deteriorated palisade layer. Priming in 10% PEG for 48 hours increased the germination upto 96.3% in $H_2O$ solution and 98.8% in 0.3% NaCl solution compared to that of the control (78.8%). Germination synchronization, and shoot and root growth of the primed seeds were greater than those of the control. The $T_{50}$ of the control in $H_2O$ and 0.3% NaCl solution was 22 and 28 times, respectively. After priming, nine times was sufficient to reach $T_{50}$ in both solution. The mean number of days to germination (MDG) decreased from 1.43 days for the control to 0.55 days for 0% PEG in $H_2O$ solution and from 1.57 days for the control to 0.56 days for 0% PEG in 0.3% NaCl solution. The dry weight after the 10% PEG treatment was higher than that of the control. Conclusions: Taken together, 10% PEG treatment for 24 hours is recommended for kenaf seed invigoration before planting.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.206-219
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• 2023

Objectives: Screen time refers to the time spent using screen media, such as televisions, smartphones, computers, or tablets. Excessive exposure to screen media has been reported to negatively impact young children's health and development, including overweight, short sleep duration, and language delays. This study examined the association of screen time and mealtime media use with dietary behaviors among preschool children. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on parents of children aged three to five years using the online questionnaires of the Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P) and the Dietary Screening Test (DST). Data from 261 children's parents were analyzed. Results: Of the 261 children, 96.9% used screen media, 55.6% used screen media for two hours or more daily, and 30.7% were exposed to screen media during meals. The NQ-P scores were significantly lower in the children with longer screen time and mealtime media use. Children who used screen media for two hours or more and those exposed to screen media during meals consumed kimchi less frequently and confectionery and sugar-sweetened beverages more frequently than children who used less than two hours and were not exposed to screen media during meals. In addition, they were more likely to be picky about food, refuse to eat, and less likely to feed themselves than children with shorter screen time and no mealtime media use. Conclusions: This study reported an association between unhealthy dietary behaviors, feeding difficulties, and screen time and mealtime media use among preschool children. Further research should explore effective strategies for reducing children's screen time.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

Because of the sharp increase of its export and import container cargo volumes contrast to the lack of related Container Terminal facility, equipment and inefficient procedure, there is now heavy container cargo congestions in Pusan Container Terminal. As a result of such a situation, many container ships avoid their calls into Pusan port. This is a major cause that in tum kads to weakening intemational competitiveness of the Korean industry. This study, therefore, aims are to make a quantitative analysis of Container Terminal System through the computer simulation, especially focusing on its 4 sub-system of a handling system, 'it is checked whether the current operation is being performed effectively through the computer simulation. The overall findings are as folIows; Firstly, average tonnage of the ships visiting the BCTOC was 32,360 G/T in from January '96, to may '96. The average arrival interval and service time of container ships at BCTOC are 5.63 hours and 18.67 hours respectively. Ship's arrival and service pattern at BCTOC was exponential distribution with 95% confidence and Erlang-4 distribution with 99% confidence. Secondly, average waiting time and number of ships was 9.9 hours, 235 ships(38%) among 620 ships. Number of stevedoring container per ship was average 747.7 TED, standard deviation 379.1 TEU and normal distribution with 99% confidence. Thirdly, from the fact that the average storage days of containers at BCTOC are 2.75 days (3.0 days when import, 2.5 days when export). it is founds that most containers were transfered to the off-dock storage areas with the free periods(5 days when import, 4 days when export), the reason for which is considered to be the insufficient storage area at BCTOC. Fourthly, in the case of gate in-out at BCTOC, occupied containers and emptied containers are 89% and 11% respectively in the gate-in, 75% and 25% seperately in the gate-out. Finally, from the quantitative analysis results for container terminal at BCTOC, ship's average wating time of ships was found to be 20.77 hours and berth occupancy rate(${\rho}$) was 0.83. 5~6 berths were required in order that the berth occupancy rate(${\rho}$) may be maintained up to 60% degree.