• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.257-261
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• 2001

Recently, a traditional medicine called Gouteng-san, which consists of eleven herbs, was reported to be effective in treating vascular dementia with a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gout-eng-san is also used for patients with vascular dementia in combination with Si-Wu-Tang. The effect of Gouteng-san and Si-Wu-Tang on deficit of learning behavior was investigated using step-down passive avoidance task in mice. Hot-water extract of Gouteng-san (1.5 and 6 g/kg, p.o.) significantly prolonged the step-down latency shortened by scopolamine. The extract of Uncaria hook (150 mg/kg, p.o.), one of the component herb of Gouteng-san, significantly prevented the decrease in the latency after scopolamine. Hot-water extract of Si-Wu-Tang (1.5 and 6 g/kg of dried herbs, p.o.) prevented dose-dependently scopola-mine-induced disruption qf learning behavior. Si-Wu-Tang also prevented the ischemia-induced deficit of learning behavior. Both hot water extract of peony and angelica (1.5 g/kg, p.o.), which are component herbs qf Si-Wu-Tang, prevented the scopolamine-induced learning behavior deficit. Scopolamine (10 uM) suppressed long-term potentiation (LTP) of population spike in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampal slices. Peoniflorin (0.1~ 1uM) extracted from paeony root significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced inhibition of LTR These results suggest that improvement of deficit of learning behavior by Gouteng-san and Si-Wu-Tang is mediated by direct and/or indirect activation of the cholinergic system in the brain.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2009

Objectives : The water and methanol extracts of Aconitum carmichaeli(Aconiti Tuber Preparat) were investigated for their anti-depressant effects. Methods : In this study, reserpine-induced hypothermia test, tail suspension test and hot plate test. Additionally, the brain monoamine oxidase activity was determined in vivo. Results: In the reserpine-induced hypothermia test, both extracts suppressed the fall of body temperature compared to the control group in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the inhibition on hypothermia. In the tail suspension test, the methanol extract dose-dependently reduced the duration of immobility by 28.4% at a dose of 1 g/kg compared to control group, which is more effective than the water extract. In the hot plate test, the water extract and methanol extract increased the jump latency time compared to the control group, showing the inhibition rate of 198% and 182%, respectively, at a dose of 1 g/kg. Methanol extracts potently inhibited the brain monoamine oxidase activity in an in vivo assay compared to the control group, showing 84.6% inhibition, but the water extract revealed very weak activity. Conclusions : Above results suggested that the extract of Aconitum carmichaeli can be useful for the prevention and treatment of depression.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1185-1190
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• 2008

When 10 kinds of herbal medicines were fractionated into hexane, MeOH, cold-water, and hot-water extracts, hot-water extracts from Acanthopanax senticosus (AS), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU), Cichorium intybus (CI), and Polygonatum odoratum (PO) showed the potent intestinal immune system modulating activity (1.72-, 1.62-, 1.60-, and 1.53-fold of control at $100{\mu}g/mL$, respectively). Especially, hot-water extracts from AS (215% compared with the control) and GU (187%) also had macrophages stimulating activity and mitogenic activity of splenocytes (7.1- and 6.5-fold) at $100{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, the effects of hot-water extracts from herbal medicines on anticancer activities were studied in mice. Hot-water extracts from AS and GU enhanced cytotoxicity of natural killer cell against cancer cell, Yac-1 (37 and 34% cytotoxicity) at E/T ratio 100:1, and colon 26-M3.1 cancer cell lines had significantly inhibited (82.1 and 75.2%) in experimental lung metastasis. These results suggest that hot-water extracts from A. senticosus and G. uralensis can be used as biological response modifiers to stimulate immune system and inhibit tumor.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.354-358
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• 1998

우리 나라에서 쉽게 구할 수 있고, 값이 저렴하여 대중적으로 널리 이용될 수 있는 감잎으로부터의 열탕 추출물과 함께 탄닌을 분리하여 xanthine oxidase 활성을 측정함으로써 감잎의 통풍 예방효과를 살펴보았다. 감잎의 열탕 추출물을 농도별로 살펴본 결과 열탕 추출물의 농도가 증가할수록 저해효과가 증가하여 2.0mg 첨가시 82.4%의 높은 저해효과를 나타냈으며, 감잎탄닌도 감잎의 열탕 추출물과 마찬가지로 농도에 비례해서 santhine oxidase 저해효과가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 감잎 열탕 추출물 및 감잎 탄닌은 xanthine oxidase에 대해 경쟁적 저해를 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

To enhance the physiological activities of roasted coffee (RC), 30 kinds of green coffee beans (GCB) with different cultivating areas and varieties were fermented with Monascus ruber mycelium (MR) by solid-state culture. After the dried MR-fermented GCB was subjected medium roasting, each RC was extracted with hot-water. Among the hot-water extracts, the highest yield was the hot-water extract of RC from MR-fermented Indonesia Mandheling GCB (15.5%). However, the hot-water extract of RC from MR-fermented Ethiopia Sidamo GCB showed significantly higher polyphenolic contents (3.08 mg GAE/100 mg) and ABTS free radical scavenging activity (25.41 mg AEAC/100 mg). Meanwhile, the hot-water extract of RC from MR-fermented Vietnam Robusta GCB showed not only the effective inhibition of $TNF-{\alpha}$ level (73.7% inhibition of LPS-stimulated control) from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells but also significant inhibition of lipogenesis (63.5% inhibition of lipid differentiation control) in 3T3-L1 pre-adipose cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that roasted coffees from Ethiopia Sidamo and Vietnam Robusta green coffee beans fermented with Monascus ruber mycelium using solid-state culture could have industrial applications as functional coffee beverages.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.797-802
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• 2011

I assessed the B($a$)P content from the Ginseng extract, Red ginseng extract, and Ssangwha extract which have high viscosities. It wasn't easy to extract oil from these samples, consequently measuring of B($a$)P was difficult. In order to know the exact detecting contents, I injected standard material of B($a$)P to the above extractions and pre-treated for measurement but it was also difficult to measure of contents exactly. To improve of detecting method, I removed mucinous materials using a 85% phosphoric acid solution or 10% citric acid solution and then processed continuously with $60^{\circ}C$ hot water. The analysis revealed that extracting the samples contained B($a$)P determined the rate of each 70%, 55%, 67% could increase. As a result the detecting method of B($a$)P contents could be improved.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1416-1422
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• 2009

To observe the difference and change of the efficacy and ingredient appearing according to whether semen zizyphi spinosae has been roasted and its extraction method, locomotor activity, anticonvulsant activity, sleeping effect of each hot water and UMPM low temperature extracts of roast and raw semen zizyphi spinosae were measured through animal tests. Roast semen zizyphi spinosae showed superior pharmacological efficacy than raw semen zizyphi spinosae. Also, hot water extraction method showed superior pharmacological efficacy than low temperature extraction method(UMPM) that uses ultrasonic waves and microwaves. In short, it was shown that herbal medicine's extraction method needs to maximize medicinal effects by trying optimum extraction methods according to efficacy by considering characteristics of each herbal medicine. Together, there's also the need for in-depth studies on water-soluble ingredients of semen zizyphi spinosae that may be extracted through full hot water extraction method.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2011

Objectives : The objective of this study is to study the effects of hot aqueous extract and ethanol extract from Paeoniae Radix Rubra on nitric oxide(NO) and prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ production in macrophage. Methods : Paeoniae Radix Rubra were extracted in 2 ways. one was extracted with hot aqueous for 4 hr in $100^{\circ}C$ and the other one was extracted with 70% ethanol for 4 hr in $70^{\circ}C$. RAW264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage lines, were incubated with different concentrations of the extract for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS at indicated times. Cell toxicity was determined by MTT assay. The concentrations of NO and $PGE_2$ were measured by griess assay and enzyme immunoassay(EIA). Results : The hot aqueous and ethanol extracts of Paeoniae Radix Rubra significantly inhibited the NO productions in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The hot water extract of Paeoniae Radix Rubra significantly inhibited the $PGE_2$ productions in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions : Our results demonstrated that Paeoniae Radix Rubra extract is able to significantly inhibit the production of NO, $PGE_2$ expression. Hot aqueous extract of Paeoniae Radix Rubra has more effective anti-inflammation than ethanol extract.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 동백 꽃 아임계 수 추출물(SWE, 135 ~ 180 ℃, 70 bar 조건)의 항염 및 항산화 효능을 70% 에탄올 및 열수 추출물과 비교 분석하였다. 이들 추출물 중 180 ℃, 70 bar의 조건으로 추출한 아임계수 추출물의 수율(57.9%)이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이는 열수 추출물(28.1%)에 비해서 2배 이상 추출 수율이 증가하였다. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)로 자극된 RAW 264.7 대식세포를 이용한 nitric oxide (NO) 생성 억제 활성 실험 결과, 아임계 수 추출물이 세포 독성 없이 NO의 생성을 저해시키는 효과가 70% 에탄올 및 열수 추출물보다 우수함을 확인하였다. 또한 DPPH 및 ABTS⁺ 라디칼 소거 활성 실험 결과, 아임계 수 추출물의 라디칼 소거 활성이 70% 에탄올 및 열수 추출물과 유사하게 나타났다. 동백 꽃의 주성분인 gallic acid의 함량을 HPLC를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 아임계 수 추출물(165 ℃, 70 bar)에서 함량이 1.62 mg/g으로 가장 높게 분석되었다. 이상의 연구결과를 바탕으로 동백 꽃 아임계 수 추출물은 항염 및 항산화 효과를 갖는 천연 화장품 소재로써 활용이 가능할 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.844-850
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 유용성분을 함유하고 있는 야관문을 기능성 소재로 활용하고자 열수 및 50% 에탄올을 사용하여 추출물을 제조한 후 야관문 추출물의 생리 활성을 조사하였다. 추출수율은 50% 에탄올 추출물에서 17.60%로 열수추출물 12.60%보다 높은 수율을 나타내었다. 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 50% 에탄올 추출물에서 각각 242.26 mg/g 및 160.73 mg/g으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. DPPH radical 소거활성은 열수추출물에서 92.07% 및 50% 에탄올 추출물에서 96.38%로 나타나 50% 에탄올 추출조건의 항산화 활성이 높았다. Superoxide radical 소거활성 및 tyrosinase 저해활성은 50% 에탄올 추출물 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$에서 각각 94.46% 및 63.31%로 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 아질산염 소거활성은 50% 에탄올 추출시 높게 나타났으며, pH에 따라 산성에 가까울수록 아질산염 소거활성이 높게 나타났다. Nitric oxide 생성량은 50% 에탄올 추출 $250{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/mL$에서 $7.15{\sim}20.61{\mu}M$로 유의적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었으며 시료 농도에 따라 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. 인간 폐암세포주(A549), 인간 자궁경부암 세포주(HeLa), 인간 간암세포주(Hep3B) 및 마우스 복수암 세포주(sarcoma180)에 대한 암세포 생육 저해활성을 측정한 결과, 열수 추출물 및 50% 에탄올 추출물 모두 암세포생육 저해활성을 보여주었으며, 특히 HeLa에서 상대적으로 높은 항암활성을 나타내었다. 따라서, 야관문 50% 에탄올 추출물은 향후 기능성 식품 소재 개발에 있어 산업적으로 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.