• 제목/요약/키워드: hot-air drying

검색결과 432건 처리시간 0.027초

즉석팥죽 제조를 위한 가공조건 및 제품의 품질 (Preparation Condition and Product Quality of Precooked Redbean Porridge)

  • 김종태;김복남
    • 한국식품과학회지
    • /
    • 제26권3호
    • /
    • pp.305-309
    • /
    • 1994
  • 이축압출성형기를 사용하여 붉은 통팥과 옥수수전분을 원료로 하여 압축성형하고 이를 건조, 분쇄, 배합하여 즉석팥죽 분말을 제조하였으며 이때의 제조공정과 제품의 품질을 검토하였다. 원료의 수분함량 $24{\sim}26%$, 압출성형온도 $150{\sim}155^{\circ}C$, 스크류의 회전속도 350 rpm 및 원료투입량 60 kg/hr의 압출성형조건으로 제품을 생산하였을 경우 팥죽 고유의 냄새와 색상을 유지하는 제품을 얻을 수 있었다. 압출성형중 분말원료에 가해지는 가수량이 6 kg/hr에서 2 kg/hr로 감소됨에 따라서 압출성형온도는 $150^{\circ}C$에서 $198^{\circ}C$로, 기계적소모에너지는 134 kwh/ton에서 144 kwh/ton으로 증가하였다. 건조분말상태에서 caking이 형성이 되지 않는 수분함량인 4% 이하로 건조되는 열풍건조 조건은 건조온도 $80^{\circ}C$ 에서는 4시간, $100^{\circ}C$ 에서는 1.5시간 이었다. 압출물의 분쇄후 분말의 입도분석은 체목이 0.5 mm인 것을 사용하였을 경우 약 80%가 65 mesh 체를 통과하였고, 1 mm인 체목인 경우는 약 65%가 65 mesh 체를 통과하였다. 최종배합제품의 수분흡수속도는 설탕배합구가 100% RH하에서 13시간이 경과된 후 caking이 형성되었다. 팥압출물분말, 옥수수전분 및 설탕의 배합비를 달리한 제품의 기호도 검사에서 팥의 함량이 줄어듬에 따라 팥죽냄새가 감소하여 기호성이 저하되었다.

  • PDF

전통적 방법에 의한 부각의 제조 및 저장성 향상에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Preparation of Boogags by Traditional Methods and Improvement of Preservation)

  • 박재익;정계환;김봉섭;허종화
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
    • /
    • 제23권6호
    • /
    • pp.986-993
    • /
    • 1994
  • 전통식품 개발의 일환으로 쑥 부각, 김 부각을 대두유(대조구)와 대두유+0.01% BHA, 대두유+0.01% tocopherol 등에서 튀겨 OPP비닐 포장하여 $4^{\circ}C(RH{\;}40{\pm}5%)$의 저온 저장, $25^{\circ}C(RH{\;}80{\pm}5%)$의 실온 저장을 하면서 부각에 함유되어 있는 유지를 추출하여 품질 특성과 전통적인 제품 합리화 공정을 보며, 부각식품의 제조는 원료를 물로 세척한 다음, 그늘에서 물빠짐을 한다. 여기에 찹쌀풍를 바르거나 버무려서 건조대에서 80%정도 2~3일 건조한 다음 열풍건조기로 수분이 13% 이하가 될 때까지 건조한다. 이렇게 제조된 부각을 건조상태로 포장하여 제품화하거나, $160^{\circ}C$의 기름에서 10초간 튀겨 제품화 할 수 있었다. $4^{\circ}C$의 저온저장과 $25^{\circ}C$의 실온에서 저장할 때 부각제품 추출유지의 산가, 과산 화물가, TBA가 대체적으로 $4^{\circ}C$의 저온 저장에서는 낮게 나타났으며, 품질 변화량도 적었고, $25^{\circ}C$의 실온 저장에서는 자장시간이 경과할수록 높게 나타났으며, 수분이 많이 증가하고 품질변화량이 컸다. 부각을 대두유(대조구)와 항산화제[(BHZ(0.01 %), tocopherol(0.01%)]을 첨가한 대두유에서 튀겼을 때, 항산화제를 첨가하였을 경우 저장에 따른 산가, 과산화물가, TAB가는 비교적 낮게 나타났으며, 자정 중 산화방지효과가 BHA가 자장 컸고 tocopheriol로 다소 안정되었다. 저장기간에 따른 부각의 질감(texture)을 주관적인 관능검사와 객관적 방법인 texturometer를 사용하여 측정하였을 때 저온 저장의 경우가 실온 저장의 경우 보다 품질이 양호하게 나타났고, 견고성(hardness)도 컸다.

  • PDF

세척방법에 따른 양파껍질추출물의 Quercetin수율 및 잔류농약 제거효과 (Reduction in Residual Pesticides and Quercetin Yields in Onion Peel Extracts by Washing)

  • 정은정;차용준
    • 생명과학회지
    • /
    • 제22권12호
    • /
    • pp.1665-1671
    • /
    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 양파껍질로부터 건강기능성식품 기능성원료로서의 양파껍질추출물의 표준화공정을 설정하고자 하였으며, 제조과정 중 지표물질의 추출효율 증대 및 잔류농약 안정성 확보를 위해 여러 세척공정을 통한 quercetin 함량 및 잔류농약 잔존율을 분석하였다. 양파껍질(A)을 1차 1종세척제(이하 세척제) 수세후 건조한 처리구(B), 2차 세척제 처리구(C), 초음파+세척제 처리구(D), 과산화수소+세척제 처리구(E) 및 데치기+세척제 처리구(F)로 처리한 다음 주정추출후 농축 및 진공동결건조하여 양파껍질추출분말을 제조하였다. 양파껍질추출물의 수율 및 지표물질인 quercetin의 수율을 고려하면 과산화수소처리+세척제 처리구(E)가 B처리구에 비해 각각 89.04% 및 96.84%로 추출효율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 모든 시료에서 총 177종의 농약성분 중 cyhalothirn, fluquinconazole 및 procymidone, 3종만이 검출되었는데, cyhalothirn (생양파 허용기준; 0.5 mg/kg), fluquinconazole (0.2 mg/kg)은 각각 0.37-0.68 mg/kg 및 0.35-3.28 mg/kg으로 농축도(27-60배)를 고려하면 허용기준에 안정하였으나 procymidone은 함량이 128.01~133.67 mg/kg으로 높았다. 따라서 양파껍질추출물의 표준화공정을 위해서는 추가적인 물리적 전처리 공정이 필요한 것으로 사료되었다.

건조에 따른 구기자 중 etofenprox와 fenitrothion의 잔류량 변화 및 가공계수 (Dissipation and Processing Factor of Etofenprox and Fenitrothion Residue in Chinese Matrimony Vine by drying)

  • 노현호;이재윤;박효경;정혜림;이정우;조승현;권혜영;경기성
    • 한국환경농학회지
    • /
    • 제37권3호
    • /
    • pp.213-220
    • /
    • 2018
  • BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to determine characteristics of residual pesticides in time-dependent manner and calculate half-lives of the residual pesticides in fresh and dried Chinese matrimony vine. In addition, processing factors were calculated based on the residual concentrations in them. METHODS AND RESULTS: The test pesticides, etofenprox and fenitrothion, were sprayed onto the Chinese matrimony vine plants at once or twice (at seven-day interval) and then samples were collected at 0 (after 3 hours), 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after the last spraying. Dried samples were prepared in hot-air drying oven at $60^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours until water content of less than 20%. Residual concentrations of etofenprox in fresh and dried samples decreased by 54.0-60.9% after 7 days of the last pesticide-application. In case of fenitrothion, the concentrations were found to have decreased by 69.2-76.5%. Processing factors of etofenprox were 2.6-3.0 for the one-time spraying and 2.5-3.0 for the two-time spraying and those of fenitrothion were found to be 1.5-22 for the one-time spraying and 1.6-2.0 for the two-time spraying. First half-lives of etofenprox and fenitrothion in fresh and dried samples ranged from 5.0 to 6.3 and from 3.4 to 4.0 days, respectively. The third half-lives were found to be 15.0-18.9 and 10.2-12.1 days, respectively. CONCLUSION: Residual concentrations of the tested pesticides in the studied crop decreased, but those in the dried samples appeared to have increased. In addition, processing factor and half life were constant regardless of spraying times.

설비공학 분야의 최근 연구 동향 : 2010년 학회지 논문에 대한 종합적 고찰 (Recent Progress in Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Research : A Review of Papers Published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering in 2010)

  • 한화택;이대영;김서영;최종민;김수민;권영철;백용규
    • 설비공학논문집
    • /
    • 제23권6호
    • /
    • pp.449-469
    • /
    • 2011
  • This article reviews the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineering during 2010. It is intended to understand the status of current research in the areas of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation, and indoor environments of buildings and plant facilities. Conclusions are as follows. (1) Research trends of thermal and fluid engineering have been surveyed as groups of general thermal and fluid flow, fluid machinery, and new and renewable energy. Various topics were presented in the field of general thermal and fluid flow. Research issues mainly focused on the thermal reliability of axial fan and compressor in the field of fluid machinery. Studies on the design of ground source heat pump systems and solar chemical reactors were executed in the field of new and renewable energy. (2) Research works on heat transfer area have been reviewed in the categories of heat transfer characteristics and industrial heat exchangers. Researches on heat transfer characteristics included heat transfer in thermoelectric cooling/power generation systems, combined heat and power systems, carbon nano fluid with PVP, channel filled with metal foam and smoke ventilation in a rescue station of a railroad tunnel. Also the studies on flow boiling of R123/oil mixture in a plain tube bundle and R410A charge amount in an air cooled mini-channel condenser were reported. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, researches on plate heat exchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger, enthalpy exchanger, micro channel PCHE were performed. (2) Research works on heat transfer area have been reviewed in the categories of heat transfer characteristics and industrial heat exchangers. Researches on heat transfer characteristics included heat transfer in thermoelectric cooling/power generation systems, combined heat and power systems, carbon nano fluid with PVP, channel filled with metal foam and smoke ventilation in a rescue station of a railroad tunnel. Also the studies on flow boiling of R123/oil mixture in a plain tube bundle and R410A charge amount in an air cooled mini-channel condenser were reported. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, researches on plate heat exchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger, enthalpy exchanger, micro channel PCHE were performed. (3) Refrigeration systems with alternative refrigerants such as hydrocarbons, mixed refrigerants, and CO2 were studied. Performance improvement of refrigeration systems are tried applying various ideas of refrigerant subcooling, dual evaporator with hot gas bypass control and feedforward control. The hybrid solar systems combining the solar collection devices with absorption chillers or compression heat pumps are simulated and studied experimentally as well to improve the understanding and the feasibility for actual applications. (4) Research trend in the field of mechanical building facilities has been found to be mainly focused on field applications rather than performance improvements. Various studies on heating and cooling systems, HVAC facilities, indoor air environments and energy resources were carried to improve the maintenance and management of building service equipments. In the field of heating and cooling systems, papers on a transformer cooling system, a combined heat and power, a slab thermal storage and a heat pump were reported. In the field of HVAC facilities, papers on a cooling load, an ondol and a drying were presented. Also, studies on HVAC systems using unutilized indoor air environments and energy resources such as air curtains, bioviolence, cleanrooms, ventilation, district heating, landfill gas were studied. (5) In the field of architectural environment and energy, studies of various purposes were conducted such as indoor environment, building energy, renewable energy and green building. In particular, renewable energy and building energy-related researches have mainly been studied reflecting the global interest. In addition, many researches which related the domestic green building certification of school building were performed to improve the indoor environment of school.

열풍건조된 몇 가지 패류와 적색어류 통조림의 저장조건에 따른 돌연변이성 변화 (Bacterial Mutagenicity of some Hot-air Dried Shellfish and Canned Products of some Red-muscle Fish During Storage)

  • 이은주;반경녀;심기환;이종호;하영래
    • 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
    • /
    • 제15권2호
    • /
    • pp.115-121
    • /
    • 1995
  • Bacterial mutagenicity of shellfish or canned products of red-muscle fish affected by hot-airdry processings and/or during storages was investigated by Ames preincubation method. Mussel (Mytilus edulis) and surf clam (Tapes japonica) dried under either 40$\circ$C, 50$\circ$C or 60$\circ$C until remained about 25 % water content was stored at 4$\circ$C or 25$\circ$C for 6 months. Commercially available canned product of pacific saury (Cololabis saira) and mackerel saury (Scotnberjaponicus), whose producer or date of manufacture was identical each other, was stored at 25$\circ$C for 6 months. Mutagenic substances from sample (25 g dry weight) were extracted and purified for mutagenicity assay against S. typhitnurium TA98 by the simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) method (Lee et al. 1955). Mutagenicity of sample was expressed number of revertant per 25 g dry sample. Number of revertant from unheated mussel sample was appeared to be 135, relative to 22 from unheated surf clam sample. Mutagenicity of both shellfish was strongly affected by heat treatment, but a lesser extent by storage conditions, even at 25$\circ$C for 6 months. Revertants of the mussel sample dried at 40$\circ$C, 50$\circ$C, or 60$\circ$C was found to be 227, 779, and 883, respectively. Similar, but lower, mutagenicity was observed from the sample of surf clam dried at 40$\circ$C, 50$\circ$C, or 60$\circ$C than mussel. Mutagenicity of canned pacific saury and mackerel samples was not influenced by storage conditions. Number of revertant from pacific saury was 175 which was relatively higher than 5 from mackerel. Mutagenicity of fresh pacific saury and mackerel samples was significantly higher than that of their counterparts from canned products. These results indicate that mutagenicity of the shellfish was affected by heat treatment (40$\circ$C, 50$\circ$C, or 60$\circ$C) used for drying process, but not much by storage for 6 months at 4$\circ$C or 25$\circ$C and the mutagenicity of canned products of red-muscle fish was not influenced by storage, even at 25$\circ$C for 6 months.

  • PDF

불활성 가스하 열건조에 따른 금속시험편의 수소잔류물 거동 분석 (Variation of Hydrogen Residue on Metallic Samples by Thermal Soaking in an Inert Gas Environment)

  • 이윤희;박종서;백운봉;남승훈
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
    • /
    • 제24권1호
    • /
    • pp.44-49
    • /
    • 2013
  • Hydrogen penetration into a metal leads to damages and mechanical degradations and its content measurement is of importance. For a precise measurement, a sample preparation procedure must be optimized through a series of studies on sample washing and drying. In this study, two-step washing with organic solvents and thermal soaking in inert gas were tried with a rod-shaped, API X65 steel sample. The samples were machined from a steel plate and then washed in acetone and etyl-alcohol for 5 minute each and dried with compressed air. After then, the samples were thermally soaked in a home-made nitrogen gas chamber during 10 minute at different heat gun temperatures from 100 to $400^{\circ}C$ and corresponding temperature range in the soaking chamber was from 77 to $266^{\circ}C$ according to the temperature calibration. Hydrogen residue in the samples was measured with a hot extraction system after each soaking step; hydrogen residue of $0.70{\pm}0.12$ wppm after the thermal soaking at $77^{\circ}C$ decayed with increase of the soaking temperature. By adopting the heat transfer model, decay behavior of the hydrogen residue was fitted into an exponential decay function of the soaking temperature. Saturated value or lower bound of the hydrogen residue was 0.36 wppm and chamber temperature required to lower the hydrogen residue about 95% of the lower bound was $360^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, a thermal desorption spectroscopy was done for the fully soaked samples at $360^{\circ}C$. Weak hydrogen peak was observed for whole temperature range and it means that hydrogen-related contaminants of the sample surface are steadily removed by heating. In addition, a broad peak found around $400^{\circ}C$ means that parts of the hydrogen residue are irreversibly trapped in the steel microstructure.

우주식품 개발을 위한 건조 쌀밥의 품질 평가 (Quality Evaluation of Dried Cooked Rice as Space Food)

  • 박재남;송범석;한인준;김재훈;윤요한;최종일;변명우;손희숙;이주운
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
    • /
    • 제38권7호
    • /
    • pp.909-913
    • /
    • 2009
  • 본 실험에서는 쌀밥을 우주식품으로 활용하기 위해 천일건조, 열풍건조 및 동결건조 된 쌀밥의 복원특성 및 관능적 품질평가를 비교평가 하였다. 열풍건조와 동결건조 쌀밥의 복원율은 천일건조 쌀밥 보다 유의적으로 높았으나 두 실험구 간의 유의적 차이는 없었다(p<0.05). 전자현미경을 통한 단면관찰에서 천일건조 쌀밥은 기공이 없는 매끈한 표면을 나타내었고 열풍건조 쌀밥은 큰 기공을 가지는 반면에 동결건조 쌀밥은 다공성의 조직을 나타내었다. 열풍건조 쌀밥의 S/H는 동결건조 쌀밥과 유사하였으며 천일건조 쌀밥보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 또한 관능적 선호도 역시 열풍건조와 동결건조 간 유의적 차이는 없었다(p<0.05).

홍고추 중 matrine의 가공계수 (Processing Factor of Matrine in Chilli Pepper)

  • 노현호;이재윤;김진찬;정오석;김혜성;이용훈;최지희;엄애선;홍수명;백민경;김두호;경기성
    • 농약과학회지
    • /
    • 제17권4호
    • /
    • pp.244-248
    • /
    • 2013
  • 홍고추와 고춧가루 중 친환경 유기농자재 matrine의 잔류특성을 구명하고 가공계수를 산출하기 위하여 시험포장에 matrine의 시판제품(유효성분 2%)을 1,000배 희석하여 조제한 살포액을 7일 간격으로 2회 살포 한 후 최종 약제 살포 당일부터 7일차까지 경시적으로 홍고추를 채취하였다. 채취한 홍고추는 $60^{\circ}C$의 열풍건조기를 이용하여 수분함량이 14% 이하가 되도록 건조한 후 마쇄하여 고춧가루를 조제하였다. 시험작물 중 matrine의 회수율은 106.6-119.1%이었으며, 저장 안정성 시험의 회수율은 106.6-113.1%이었다. 1회 처리구 홍고추와 고춧가루 중 matrine의 잔류량은 각각 < 0.01-0.11과 0.03-0.25 mg/kg이었으며, 2회 처리구의 경우 0.02-0.12와 0.04-0.40 mg/kg이었다. 또한 고춧가루 중 matrine의 가공계수는 1.50-3.33으로 건조 후 잔류량은 증가하였다.

저온영역에서 석탄의 탈휘발 및 자연발화 특성 연구 (Characteristics of Coal Devolatilization and Spontaneous Combustion at Low Temperatures)

  • 윤성민;이석형;안태휘;서명원;이상원;김대성;문태영;박성진;윤상준;문지홍;이재구;주종훈;라호원
    • 청정기술
    • /
    • 제29권4호
    • /
    • pp.288-296
    • /
    • 2023
  • 세계적으로 석탄은 다른 에너지원에 비해 매장량이 풍부하여 다양한 에너지원으로 사용되고 있다. 기존 석탄 이용 방식에서 발생하는 환경적인 문제를 해결하기 위해 청정 석탄 활용 기술 개발이 이루어지고 있으며 대표적인 기술로 IGCC발전 기술이 있다. IGCC 발전에서 사용되는 석탄은 CMD 공정에서 열풍을 동시에 공급하여 건조, 분쇄가 이루어지고 있으나, 공급되는 열풍의 온도가 너무 높을 경우, 탈휘발, 자연발화 현상이 발생하게 되고 이로 인한 CMD 공정의 안정적인 운전을 저하시킨다. 본 연구에서는 유연탄 9종을 이용하여 탈휘발, 자연발화 개시온도를 측정하고 석탄 특성분석결과와 함께 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 탈휘발 현상의 경우 350 ~ 400 ℃ 사이에서 6종 석탄의 탈휘발이 확인되었고 400 ℃ 이상의 온도에서 3종의 석탄 탈휘발을 확인하였다. 자연발화의 경우 100 ℃ 이하에서 1종의 석탄, 100 ~ 150 ℃ 사이에서 6종의 석탄, 150 ℃ 이상에서 2종 석탄의 자연발화를 확인하였다. 측정한 개시온도를 석탄 분석 결과 중 Oxygen, Moisture, Fe2O3, CaO, H/C Ratio, O/C Ratio와 비교하여 상관관계를 확인하였다. 회귀분석으로 각 개시온도의 회귀계수와 결정계수를 계산하였으며, FC/VM 데이터의 52.44%가 탈휘발 개시온도에 대해, Fe2O3 데이터의 59.10%가 자연발화 개시온도에 대해 영향을 주는 것에 대한 유의한 결과를 확인 하였다.