• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.69-82
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• 1984

The general fearfulness of hospitalized school-age children and the emotional anxiety of their mothers were investigated and compared to those of normal children and their mothers, in order to provide theoretical basis for establishing comprehensive nursing care of hospitalized children including their mothers. The present study was carried out from Sept. 5th to Oct. 3rd, 1983. A total of 81 hospital I zed children and their mothers were investigated and 95 normal elementary school children and their mothers as control group were surveyed The general fearfulness of children and the emotional anniety of their mothers were measured through questionaire by using Geer's FSS-Ⅱscale and Spielberger's STAI scale, respectively. The results were analyzed by computer using S.P.S.S. program and summarized as follows: 1. The emotional anxiety of the mothers of hospitalized children was greater than that of normal children's mothers. (P=0.000). 2. The general fearfulness of hospitalized children was greater than that of normal children (p=0.000) 3. The general fearfulness of hospitalized children varied with children's age and sex, mother's age and mother's experience of hospitalization. a) The general fearfulness of the hospitalized children at the age of 7∼9 was greater than that of the age 10∼12. (P=0.020) b) Girl's scored greater fearfulness than boys. (p=0.037) c) The younger mother's age resulted in the higher children fearfulness. (P= 0.0059). d) When the mothers did not have experience of hospitalization, the children's fearfulness was high. (P=0.014) 4. The anxiety-state of hospitalized children's mother was proportionally reacted to their anxiety-trait. (r=0.694, p=0.000) 5. The relationship between mother's emotional anxiety and their hospitalized children's general fearfulness failed to show statistical significance. (r= 0.1184, P＞0.05). These results indicated that the general fearfulness of hospitalized children was affected by environmental factors beside mother's emotional anxiety. An extensive study on the factors influencing the general fearfulness of hospitalized children is needed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.222-230
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of family stressors, family strains, general family values, family values for hospitalized children and family hardiness on family adaptation based upon McCubbin's family resilience model for families of hospitalized children in China. Methods: A survey using a self-report questionnaire was conducted with 330 hospitalized children's parents. Six instruments were used in this model. The data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 19.0 and AMOS 19.0 program. Results: Family strain had a significant negative direct effect, general family values and family hardiness had a significant positive direct effect, and family values for hospitalized children had a significant positive direct effect and indirect effect on family adaptation of hospitalized children. Conclusion: In this study McCubbin's resilience model and resiliency factors were identified. According to the finding of this study nursing interventions to reduce family stress, enhance family hardiness and consolidate general family values and family values for hospitalized children can help to increase family adaptation in families of hospitalized children. Therefore, the significance of this study is that the results can be used to develop family nursing intervention programs based on family resilience to strengthen family adaptation in families of hospitalized children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2016

Purpose: Fatigue in mothers of hospitalized children is an important component for her child's health. This study was done to identify factors influencing fatigue in mothers of hospitalized children. Methods: A descriptive correlation study design was used. Participants were 157 mothers of hospitalized children in a university hospital located in one city. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Mean score for fatigue in mothers of hospitalized children was $2.11{\pm}0.53$. There were significant differences in scores for fatigue in these mothers according to education, sleep satisfaction, and family support. Multiple regression analysis showed that the important factors related to fatigue in mothers of hospitalized children were parenting stress (${\beta}=.44$), hours of sleep (${\beta}=-.25$), and age (${\beta}=-.21$). These factors explained 38% of the total variance. Conclusion: Research results suggest that nursing interventions for mothers of hospitalized children are needed in order to improve the comfort and health of the mothers and facilitate the recovery of their child.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.408-414
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between anxiety and mastery in hospitalized young children's mothers. Methods: The subjects were 118 mothers of young children who were hospitalized in a pediatric unit. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure the variables of anxiety and mastery. In the data analysis, SPSSWIN 23.0 was used for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression. Results: The reliability of instruments were found to have a Cronbach's alpha of .84 to .92. Anxiety correlated negatively with mastery (r=-.43, p<.001) and positively with duration of hospitalization (r=.26, p=.004). In multiple regression, mastery and duration of hospitalization were significant predictors of anxiety in hospitalized young children's mothers, explaining 24.0%. Conclusions: Anxiety and mastery were significant variables in hospitalized young children's mothers. A strategy of nursing intervention which decreases anxiety in mothers must be developed by increasing the level of mastery in mothers of hospitalized young children.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 2009

Purpose: Mothers are primary care taker for hospitalized children and they have an important role for the management of children's pain. This study was purposed to provide basic data needed in constructing the educational contents about pain management for the hospitalized children. Method: The research subjects were 165 mothers of children hospitalized at a general hospital in Busan. The questionnaire were composed of knowledge of, using attitude toward and education demand on analgesics. The data were collected from August 1 to September 30, 2009. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 program. Results: The overall mean score of correct answers on knowledge about analgesics was 26.9% and using attitude toward analgesics was $25.55{\pm}4.03$. And demand of education was $3.98{\pm}0.66$. Conclusions: The level of mothers' knowledge about analgesics was very low and using attitude toward analgesics was passive. The hospitalized children's mothers need more knowledge and liberalness attitude toward analgesics. And various and sufficient educational program about analgesics and pain management for hospitalized children's mothers can be contribute to improve the quality of life of them.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the role and role burden of caregivers with hospitalized children. Methods: The participants included 149 main caregivers from two pediatric hospitals whose children have been hospitalized for at least 2 days at children's hospital. The data were collected from August 1 to september 30, 2013 using self-report questionnaires of checklist type for caregivers' role and Likert scale for role burden. Results: Role for hospitalized children showed that personal hygiene was the highest, and consultation with nurses and doctors was the lowest in total frequency per day. Of the role for the caregivers themselves and family, personal hygiene was the highest, and home management was the lowest. The degree of role burden perceived by hospitalized children's caregivers was the slightly high. Of the categories, emotional burden was the highest and dependent burden was the lowest. There were differences by caregivers' age, children's age, and children's health status. Conclusion: The caregivers performed various roles, especially more frequently on personal hygiene and nutrition for their hospitalized children and themselves and family, and had slightly high role burden. These results may contribute to develop nursing interventions that can help adapt on hospitalization of children and their caregivers.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.147-157
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• 2007

Purpose: Assessment of stress and coping effort of hospitalized children's mother are very important factor to support and recover the children. The purpose of this study was to identify the stress and coping effort in mothers whose children are hospitalized. And analyzes the correlation between mother's stress and coping effort on the hospitalized children. Method: This study surveyed 70 mothers whose children are hospitalized. The data was collected for this study at one university hospital in Daejeon from June 1,2007 to July 10, 2007. The instruments used in this study were the mother's stress scale which was developed by Ok-Nam, You(1998), modified by Ho-Jin, Mun(2001), and the mother's coping effort were measured with the Coping Health Inventory for Parents(CHIP) developed by McCubbin and Patterson(1981). The data was analyzed by using SPSS program and include ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlation. Result: The mother's stress was average 2.42 out of a possible 4 points. Type of coping effort was in order of type III(cope with it by understanding medical circumstances)(M=2.73), type I(Cope with it through positive definition)(M=2.43), type II (cope with it by maintaining psychological stability)(M=2.28). Total coping effort according to general character of mothers whose children are hospitalized showed a significant difference in occupation(P<.05). Correlations between mother's stress and total coping effort was r=-.361(P<.05). Conclusion: This study based on nursing of stress and coping effort of hospitalized children's mothers. Pediatric nurses need to establish a stronger communication board and a relationship between medical staff and children's parents so that have supportive information. And to establish a support program that strengthens the coping effort of hospitalized children's mothers.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between uncertainty and depression in hospitalized children's mothers. Methods: The subjects were 175 mothers of children who were hospitalized in pediatric unit. A self report questionnaires were used to measure the variables. Variables were uncertainty and depression. In data analysis, SPSSWIN 20.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression. Results: Reliability of instruments were found cronbach's alpha=.85~.86. Uncertainty correlated positively with depression(r=.422, p<.010). There were significant differences in depression according to birth order(F=6.58, p=.002), mothers' age(F=6.57, p=.002), education level(F=3.97, p=.021) and mothers' job(t=19.18, p<.001), monthly income(F=4.234, p=.006) and family type(t=7.49, p=.007). In multiple regression, uncertainty, mothers' job and family type were significant predictors of depression in hospitalized children's mothers explaining 30.9%. Conclusions: Uncertainty and depression were significant variables in hospitalized children's mothers. The strategy of nursing intervention which decrease depression in mothers must be developed by decreasing level of uncertainty in mothers of hospitalized children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.528-540
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to design services for improving the quality of care of hospitalized children with acute diseases. Methods: The service design process had four phases: discovery, definition, development, and delivery. The participants were 23 mothers of hospitalized children with an acute disease, and seven nurses and three doctors working at a pediatric hospital. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and observations. The data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics. Results: The participants reported needs for explanations about the treatment, skillful nursing, and environmental improvements. The concept of the services was familiarity and enjoyment, aimed at solving the problems of unfamiliarity and boredom. A six-guideline was presented for improving the quality of care of hospitalized children with acute diseases: improvement of awareness, development of educational materials, improvement of skills, environmental improvements, play activities, and evaluations of user satisfaction. Conclusion: These findings indicate that nursing services should deliver familiarity and enjoyment to hospitalized children and their families. The findings of this study emphasize that the service design methodology can be used to improve the quality of care of hospitalized children with acute diseases.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.74-84
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop content for safety education to prevent hospital safety accidents among hospitalized children and to investigate the status of safety education performed by nurses. Methods: First, the Delphi method was used, with 18 experts, to develop educational contents for preventing safety accidents. Second, an exploratory survey was performed of the actual status of safety education for preventing safety accidents among hospitalized children using a questionnaire developed based on the Delphi method. The participants of this study were 159 nurses with at least 6 months of work experience. Results: The educational content developed through the Delphi method for preventing safety accidents among hospitalized children contained seven domains (falls, injury, electric shocks/burns, suffocation/aspiration, poisoning/abuse, kidnapping, medical devices) with 44 topics. The item mean of nurses'perceptions of the importance of child safety education was 4.18, and the actual performance score was 3.72, which was a statistically significant difference (t=11.58, p<.001). Conclusion: These seven comprehensive domains of accident prevention education for hospitalized children are expected to be useful for interventions to support the safety of hospitalized children.