• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.12.1-12.7
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• 2017

Background: Despite the widespread use of dexamethasone in veterinary and human medicine, it is reported to cause some severe pregnancy related side effects like abortion in some animals. The mechanism of the response is not clear but seems to be related to interspecies and/or breed difference in response which may involve alterations in the concentrations of some reproductive hormones. Methods: Twenty Sahel goats comprising 18 does and 2 bucks were used for this study. Pregnancies were achieved by natural mating after synchronization. Repeated dexamethasone injections were given at 0.25 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected biweekly for hormonal assay. Uterine biopsies were harvested at days 28 and day 78 of gestation through caesarean section for immunohistochemical analysis using 3 pregnant does randomly selected from each group at each instant. Data were expressed as Means ${\pm}$ Standard Deviations and analyzed using statistical soft ware package, GraphPad Instant, version 3.0 (2003) and progesterone receptor (PR) were scored semi-quantitatively. Results: Dexamethasone treatments had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on progesterone and estrogen concentrations in pregnant Sahel goats but up regulated PR from 2+ to 3+ in second trimester. Conclusion: As dexamethasone adverse effect on placenta is an established fact, the lack of effect on progesterone level in this study may be due to the fact that unlike other species whose progesterone production during pregnancy is placenta - dependent, in goats is corpus luteum - dependent. Consequently dexamethasone adverse effect on placenta reported in literatures did not influence progesterone levels during pregnancy in Sahel goat. The up regulation of progesterone receptor (PR) in Sahel goat gravid uterus is a beneficial effects and that dexamethasone can safely be used in corpus luteum - dependent progesterone secreting pregnant animal species like Sahel goat and camel. Therefore source of progesterone secretions during pregnancy should be considered in clinical application of dexamethasone in pregnancy.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.544-549
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity-associated insulin resistance is a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of myricetin on adiposity, insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers in mice with diet-induced insulin resistance. MATERIALS/METHODS: Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a basal diet, a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet, or the HFHS diet containing 0.06% myricetin or 0.12% myricetin for 12 weeks after a 1-week adaptation, and body weight and food intake were monitored. After sacrifice, serum lipid profiles, glucose, insulin, adipocyte-derived hormones, and proinflammatory cytokines were measured. The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was determined. RESULTS: Myricetin given at 0.12% of the total diet significantly reduced body weight, weight gain, and epidydimal white adipose tissue weight, and improved hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia without a significant influence on food intake in mice fed the HFHS diet. Serum glucose and insulin levels, as well as HOMA-IR values, decreased significantly by 0.12% myricetin supplementation in mice fed the HFHS diet. Myricetin given at 0.12% of the total diet significantly reduced serum levels of leptin, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in mice fed the HFHS diet. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that myricetin may have a protective effect against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice fed HFHS diet, and that alleviation of insulin resistance could partly occur by improving obesity and reducing serum proinflammatory cytokine levels.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2007

The present study demonstrates the changes in body weight (BW) and plasma sex steroid hormone profiles during artificial maturation induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or salmon pituitary extract (SPE) injections in cultured eel, Anguilla japonica, kept in seawater for 3 months. In the weekly SPE-injected female group, BW was relatively stable during vitellogenesis. Following induction of vitellogenesis, females exhibited a rapid increase of BW, and the oocytes were observed to be in the migratory nucleus stage at the end of the experiment. Plasma testosterone (T) and $estradiol-17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) levels increased slightly during vitellogenesis and peaked at an average of 5.82 ng/mL and 4.76 ng/mL, respectively, at the end of the experiment. In the weekly control and HCG-injected female groups, BW slowly decreased during the experimental period, and the oocytes of the two groups were observed to be at the primary yolk globule stage. In the weekly HCG-injected female group, plasma T and $E_2$ levels increased slightly during vitellogenesis and decreased afterward. In the control female group, however, plasma T and $E_2$ levels were not altered during the experimental period. Furthermore, plasma $17{\alpha},20{\beta}-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one$ (DHP) was not detected in all experimental groups. Fertility and hatching rates of SPE-injected females were significantly higher in those that ovulated 15 h after DHP injection than 18 h. These results indicate that long rearing in seawater increases responsiveness to SPE in ovarian maturation of the Japanese eel, resulting in shortened period from completion of vitellogenesis by sex steroid hormone production.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2006

This study correlated changes in estradiol-l7$\beta$ ($E_2$), testosterone (T), 17$\alpha$,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP), and vitellogenin (VTG) levels with changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and ovarian histology during the annual reproductive cycle of the wild marbled sole, Limanda yokohamae. Synchronous oocyte development occurs in this fish. Ovary maturity was classified into four periods, based on histological observations: the spawning (December to February), post-spawning (February to April), recovery (May to August), and vitellogenic (September to November) periods. Seasonal changes in the GSI were inversely correlated with water temperatures and reflected the degree of ovarian maturity. Plasma VTG levels were correlated with changes in the GSI, which increased from September to a peak in January, and levels remained comparatively high until February. Estradiol-17$\beta$ was at baseline levels (<0.11 ng/mL) during the spring and summer, and peaked rapidly (1.55$\pm$0.445 ng/mL) from October to January. Plasma T and DHP levels had a similar profile; they rose markedly during the spawning period and remained low (or were not detectable) from spring through autumn. These data indicate that changes in plsama steroid hormones and VTG levels are correlated with the annual ovarian activity of the marbled sole. Based on these results and published reports, it appears that in this species DHP is the most important maturation-inducing steroid and that T is also related to final maturation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.192-199
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate chromosomal abnormalities and their correlations with clinical and radiological findings in females with primary amenorrhea (PA). Methods: Detailed forms were recorded for 470 females, including the construction of three-generation pedigrees. Peripheral venous blood was drawn, with informed consent, for cytogenetic analysis. Results: An abnormal karyotype was found in 16.38% of participants. The incidence of structural abnormalities (6.8%) exceeded that of numerical abnormalities (6.15%). Turner syndrome represented 45% of all numerical abnormalities. Furthermore, the Y chromosome was detected in 5% of females with PA. Among the structural chromosomal abnormalities detected (n=32) were mosaicism (25%), deletions (12.5%), isochromosomes (18.75%), fragile sites (3.12%), derivatives (3.12%), marker chromosomes (3.12%), and normal variants (29.125%). An examination of secondary sexual characteristics revealed that 29.6% of females had a complete absence of breast development, 29.78% lacked pubic hair, and 36.88% exhibited no axillary hair development. Radiological findings revealed that 51.22% of females had a hypoplastic uterus and 26.66% had a completely absent uterus. Abnormal ovarian development, such as the complete absence of both ovaries, absence of one ovary, one absent and other streak, or both streak ovaries, was observed in 69.47% of females with PA. Additionally 43.1%, 36.1%, 67.4%, and 8% of females had elevated levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin, respectively. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of karyotyping as a fundamental diagnostic tool for assessing PA. The cytogenetic correlation with these profiles will aid in genetic counseling and further management of the condition.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2006

자연산(silver 및 yellow) 뱀장어의 인위적인 성성숙 과정중에 체중 및 혈중 성호르몬 농도를 조사하기 위해 연어 뇌하수체 추출물(SPE; 20 mg pituitary powder/fish)를 Freund's incomplete adjuvant로 water-in oil (W/O) 형태로 유화시켜 매주 복강에 주사하였다. Eel's Ringer액만으로 유화시켜 주사한 대조구(silver 및 yellow) 뱀장어의 경우, 체중은 서서히 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 혈중 성호르몬(testosterone; T, $estradiol-17{\beta};\;E_2$ 및 $17{\alpha},20{\beta}-dihydroxyprogesterone$; DHP)의 농도도 실험기간 동안 거의 변화없이 서서히 감소하는 경향을 나타냈었지만 유의적인 변화는 없었다. 한편, 매주 SPE로 주사한 silver 뱀장어는 투여 6주후부터 급격한 체중변화가 일어났으며, 대부분 개체의 난모세포는 핵이동기로 구성되어져 있었다. 또한 혈중 T와 $E_2$ 농도의 두드러진 증가는 투여 6주후부터 관찰되어 졌다. 매주 SPE로 주사한 yellow 뱀장어의 경우, 대부분 개체는 투여 5주까지 체중 변화가 완만하게 나타났으며 그 이후 급속히 증가하였다. 이들 개체의 대부분은 실험종료시에도 제3 난황구기의 난모세포들로 구성되어져 있었다. 특히 실험 기간중 혈중 T와 $E_2$ 농도는 개체별로 다양하게 나타났으며, 유의한 차이는 제각기 투여 8주째와 투여 6주 후 부터 두드러지게 증가하였다. 그러나 매주 SPE로 주사한 자연산 뱀장어(silver 및 yellow)의 혈중 DHP 농도는 실험 기간동안 불검출 혹은 매우 낮은 농도로 유지하였으며, 유의적인 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과, sliver 뱀장어에 있어서 SPE를 W/O 형태로 유화시켜 반복 투여함으로써 체중 및 혈중 성호르몬(T와 $E_2$)의 급격한 증가 및 최종성숙을 유도하는데 효과적이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.428-436
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 고지방식으로 유도한 식이성 비만 모델 수컷 흰쥐에게 고지방식이와 함께 유청단백질 및 유청단백질 가수분해물을 급여하였을 때, 유청단백질 가수분해물의 섭취에 따른 체중, 장기 및 체지방, 지질 농도 및 식욕 조절호르몬에 대한 영향을 살펴보았다. 즉, 실험동물 흰쥐에게 18% 우지를 첨가한 고지방식을 기본으로 하여 질소원으로 유청단백질(whey protein concentrate 80: WPC80, 매일유업(주)) 10%를 4주간 공급한 후(control period), 4군으로 나누어서 고지방식을 기본으로 유청단백질, 유청단백질 가수분해물(whey protein hydrolysate), 유청 macropeptide fraction(whey macropeptide fraction; WH중 MW${\geq}$10,000)의 3종을 함유한 실험식이를 각각 6주 동안 급여하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 체중증가량 및 식이섭취량은 유청단백질 수준이나 가수분해물 섭취에 따른 실험군간 유의적 차이가 없었다. 간의 무게는 가수분해물 섭취에 의해 감소하였으나, 신장, 고환 및 비장의 무게는 실험군간 유의적 차이가 없었다. 한편, 신장의 무게는 고단백 식이에 의해 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 지방조직의 무게는 신장 주변 지방과 부고환 주변 지방 모두 유청단백질 수준이나 가수분해물 섭취에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈청의 총 지질과 중성지방은 가수분해물 섭취에 의해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 반면, 혈청의 총 콜레스테롤과 HDL 콜레스테롤은 유청단백질 수준과 가수분해물 섭취에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 간 조직의 총 지질, 중성지방과 총 콜레스테롤은 가수분해물 섭취에 따라 차이가 없었으며, 고단백식이에 의해 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 일일 분 배설량은 고단백식이에 의해 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 분 중 총 지질함량과 중성지방 함량은 가수분해물 섭취 시 그 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 반면, 분 중 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 유청단백질 수준이나 가수분해물 섭취에 따른 영향을 받지 않았다. 혈청 중 glucose와 insulin 농도는 가수분해물 섭취 시 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 혈청 중 leptin 농도는 유청단백질 수준이나 가수분해물 섭취에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈청 중 ghrelin 농도는 고단백 식이에 의해 유의적으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 특히, 가수분해물 섭취 시 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 유청단백질 가수분해물의 섭취는 intact 유청단백질보다 흰쥐의 혈청과 간의 지질 농도를 저하시키고, 분 중으로의 지질배설량을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 혈중 glucose 농도와 insulin 농도를 감소시킴으로서 인슐린 저항성을 개선시켰으며, ghrelin 감소를 통한 식욕조절 효과를 보였다. 한편, 본 연구에서 유청단백질 가수분해물이 체중감소나 조직의 지방량에는 영향을 미치지 않았는데, 이것은 본 연구에서 사용된 25% 단백질 수준이 체중감소나 조직 지방량에 영향을 미치기에는 부족한 수준이라 사료되며, 단백질 수준에서의 증가 또는 보다 장기간 동안의 섭취가 수행되어진다면 식욕 촉진 호르몬 분비 감소를 통해 체중 감소에 있어서 더 유의적인 효과가 나타날 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.733-741
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• 2007

The effects of intra-duodenal infusion of methionine (Met), lysine (Lys) and leucine (Leu) on dry matter intake (DMI), the concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH) and insulin in plasma, and liver IGF-I mRNA level were investigated in two experiments for Liuyang Black growing wether goats. In Experiment 1, three goats ($10.0{\pm}0.1$ kg) were fitted with ruminal, proximal duodenal and terminal ileal fistulaes to determine the infusion amounts of Met, Lys and Leu at the duodenum according to essential amino acid flows into the duodenum and their apparent digestibility. The infusion amounts were 0.77 g/d, 0.91 g/d and 0.58 g/d respectively. In Experiment 2, 4 groups of goats (($10.0{\pm}0.2$ kg) for each group, were cannulated at the duodenum, and were infused with a mixture of Met, Lys and Leu (Control), or mixtures with 21% Met, Lys or Leu replaced with glutamate respectively on a nitrogenous basis. The replacement of 21% Met, Lys or Leu with glutamate did not affect intakes of maize stover, concentrate or both (p>0.05) when compared with the control. The replacement of 21% Met or Lys significantly (p<0.05) reduced plasma GH, insulin and IGF-I concentrations and liver IGF-I mRNA level. The replacement of 21% Leu with glutamate reduced (p<0.05) plasma IGF-I concentration only, but not plasma insulin and GH, as well as liver IGF-I mRNA level (p>0.05). The close relationships between supplying Met and Lys in the lumen of the duodenum and plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentrations, as well as liver IGF-I mRNA level in this study indicate that the effects of the limiting amino acids on nutrition of animals are likely intermediated via their effects on these hormones, and these hormone profiles could be used as intermediate markers for the limiting order of amino acids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2010

Different dietary cereal sources and fat types in the lactation diet were evaluated to investigate their effects on reproductive performance, milk composition, blood metabolites and hormones in multiparous sows. Twenty-four sows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments according to a 2${\times}$2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Each treatment had 6 replicates comprising 1 sow. Two cereal (corn or wheat) and two fat (tallow or soybean oil) sources were used to prepare iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets. Sows fed corn-based diets lost less body weight (p = 0.003) and backfat thickness (p = 0.034), consumed more feed (p = 0.032) and had shorter wean-to-estrus interval (p = 0.016) than sows fed wheat-based diets. Fewer piglets and lower body weight of piglets (p<0.05) at weaning were noted in sows fed wheat-based diets than in sows fed corn-based diets. However, no significant effects (p>0.05) of dietary fat source and its interaction with dietary cereal source on sow body condition and reproductive performance were observed during lactation. Feeding of a corn-based diet improved (p<0.05) sow milk total solid, protein and fat, increased blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.032) and triglyceride (p = 0.018), and decreased blood creatinine (p = 0.011) concentration at weaning when compared with sows fed wheatbased diets. Sows fed corn-based diets had higher concentration of insulin (p = 0.048) and LH (p<0.05) at weaning than sows fed wheatbased diets. The results indicate that feeding corn-based diets to lactating sows improved sow body condition and reproductive performance compared with wheat-based diets regardless of fat sources.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1764-1768
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• 2009

본 연구는 소의 과립막세포 배양상층액에서 스테로이드 호르몬의 농도와 생쥐 배의 체외 발달에 미치는 효과를 검토하기 위하여 수행되었다. 소의 성숙난포(직경 6~15 mm)와 미성숙 난포(직경 2~5 mm)로부터 과립막세포를 각각 분리하여 15% FCS가 첨가된 Ham's F-10 배양약에서 16일간 배양하였다. 과립막세포들은 쉽게 단층배엽을 형성 하였으며, 배양과정 중 비슷한 성장패턴을 나타내었다. 또한 성숙 과립막세포와 미성숙 과립막세포 간에 형태적인 차이가 없었다. 과립막세포 배양 중 progesterone과 estradiol 생산이 활발하게 이루어졌으며, progesterone은 배양후기에, estradiol은 배양초기에 분비량이 높았다. 성숙 과립막세포와 미성숙 과립막세포에서 내분비 양상은 비슷하였다. 생쥐배가 상실배, 배반포 및 부화배반포 단계로 체외발달된 비율은 Ham'F-10배양액(86.7%, 41.7%, 13.3%)에 비하여 성숙 과립막세포 배양상층액(92.7%, 78.1%, 34.5%)과 미성숙 과립막세포 배양상층액(96.4%, 78.5%, 26.8%)에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 배의 발달에 대하여 성숙 과립막세포배양상층액과 미성숙 과립막세포 배양상층액 간에는 차이가 없었다.