• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.20.1-20.13
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• 2020

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) causes a form of porcine pleuropneumonia that leads to significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The apxIBD gene is responsible for the secretion of the ApxI and ApxII toxins and the pnp gene is responsible for the adaptation of bacteria to cold temperature and a virulence factor. The apxIBD and pnp genes were deleted successfully from APP serotype 1 and 5 by transconjugation and sucrose counter-selection. The APP1ΔapxIBDΔpnp and APP5ΔapxIBDΔpnp mutants lost hemolytic activity and could not secrete ApxI and ApxII toxins outside the bacteria because both mutants lost the ApxI- and ApxII-secreting proteins by deletion of the apxIBD gene. Besides, the growth of these mutants was defective at low temperatures resulting from the deletion of pnp. The APP1ΔapxIBDΔpnp and APP5ΔapxIBDΔpnp mutants were significantly attenuated compared with wild-type ones. However, mice vaccinated intraperitoneally with APP5ΔapxIBDΔpnp did not provide any protection when challenged with a 10-times 50% lethal dose of virulent homologous (APP5) and heterologous (APP1) bacterial strains, while mice vaccinated with APP1ΔapxIBDΔpnp offered 75% protection against a homologous challenge. The ΔapxIBDΔpnp mutants were significantly attenuated and gave different protection rate against homologous virulent wild-type APP challenging.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.99-108
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• 2023

Background: Efficient gene editing technology is needed for successful knock-in. Homologous recombination (HR) is a major double-strand break repair pathway that can be utilized for accurately inserting foreign genes into the genome. HR occurs during the S/G2 phase, and the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is inextricably linked to HR to maintain HR fidelity. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of inhibiting MMR-related genes using CdCl₂, an MMR-related gene inhibitor, on HR efficiency in HC11 cells. Methods: The mRNA and protein expression levels of MMR-related genes (Msh2, Msh3, Msh6, Mlh1, Pms2), the HR-related gene Rad51, and the NHEJ-related gene DNA Ligase IV were assessed in HC11 cells treated with 10 μM of CdCl₂ for 48 hours. In addition, HC11 cells were transfected with a CRISPR/sgRNA expression vector and a knock-in vector targeting Exon3 of the mouse-beta casein locus, and treated with 10 μM cadmium for 48 hours. The knock-in efficiency was monitored through PCR. Results: The treatment of HC11 cells with a high-dose of CdCl₂ decreased the mRNA expression of the HR-related gene Rad51 in HC11 cells. In addition, the inhibition of MMR-related genes through CdCl₂ treatment did not lead to an increase in knock-in efficiency. Conclusions: The inhibition of MMR-related gene expression through high-dose CdCl₂ treatment reduces the expression of the HR-related gene Rad51, which is active during recombination. Therefore, it was determined that CdCl₂ is an inappropriate compound for improving HR efficiency.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.31.1-31.14
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• 2020

The effectiveness of current influenza vaccines is considered suboptimal, and 1 way to improve the vaccines is using adjuvants. However, the current pool of adjuvants used in influenza vaccination is limited due to safety concerns. Aloe vera, or aloe, has been shown to have immunomodulatory functions and to be safe for oral intake. In this study, we explored the potential of orally administered processed Aloe vera gel (PAG) as an adjuvant for influenza vaccines in C57BL/6 mice. We first evaluated its adjuvanticity with a split-type pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) Ag by subjecting the mice to lethal homologous influenza challenge. Oral PAG administration with the pH1N1 Ag increased survival rates in mice to levels similar to those of alum and MF59, which are currently used as adjuvants in influenza vaccine formulations. Similarly, oral PAG administration improved the survival of mice immunized with a commercial trivalent influenza vaccine against lethal homologous and heterologous virus challenge. PAG also increased hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralization Ab titers against homologous and heterologous influenza strains following immunization with the split-type pH1N1 Ag or the commercial trivalent vaccine. Therefore, this study demonstrates that PAG may potentially be used as an adjuvant for influenza vaccines.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.6 s.67
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• pp.1023-1027
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• 2004

The RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for the incision step of UV-induced excision repair. An yeast RAD3 gene has been previously isolated by functional complementation. In order to identify the RAD3 homologous gene from fungus Coprinus cinereus, we have constructed cosmid libraries from electrophoretically separated chromosomes of the C. cinereus. The 13 C. cinereus chromosomes were resolved by pulse-field gel electrophoresis, hybridized with S. cerevisiae RAD3 DNA, and then isolated RAD3 homologous DNA from C. cinereus chromosome. The RAD3 homolog DNA was contained in 3.2 kb DNA fragment. Here, we report the results of characterization of a fungus C. cinereus homolog to the yeast RAD3 gene. Southern blot analysis confirmed that the C. cinereus chromosome contains the RAD3 homolog gene and this gene exists as a single copy in C. cinereus genome. When total RNA isolated from the C. cinereus cells were hybridized with the 3.4 kb PvuII DNA fragment of the S. cerevisiae RAD3 gene, transcripts size of 2.8 kb were detected. In order to investigate whether the increase of the amount of transcripts by DNA damaging agent, transcript levels were examined after treating agents to the cells. The level of transcripts were not increased by untraviolet light (UV). This result indicated that the RAD3 homologous gene is not UV inducible gene. Gene deletion experiments indicate that the HRD3 gene is essential for viability of the cells and DNA repair function. These observations suggest an evolutionary conservation of other protein components with which HRD3 interacts in mediating its DNA repair and viability functions.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.543-549
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• 2003

In order to investigate the thermoelectric properties of $Zn_{k}$ $In_2$$O_{ 3＋k}$ homologous compounds, the samples of $Zn_{k}$ /$In_2$$O_{3＋k}$ / (k = integer between 1 and 9) were prepared by calcining the mixed powders of ZnO and $In_2$$O_3$fellowed by sintering at 1823 K for 2 hours in air, and their electrical conductivities and Seebeck coefficients were measured as a function of temperature in the range of 500 K to 1150 K. X-ray diffraction analysis of the sintered samples clarified that single-phase specimens were obtained for $Zn_{k} /$In_2$$O_{3＋k}$ with k = 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9. Electrical conductivity of the $Zn_{k}$ $In_2$$O_{3＋k}$ / decreased with increasing temperature, and decreased with increasing k for k $\geq$ 3. The Seebeck coefficient was negative at all the temperatures for all compositions, confirming that $Zn_{k}$ $In_2$$O_{3＋k}$ / is an n-type semiconductor. Absolute values of the Seebeck coefficient increased linearly with increasing temperature and increased with increasing k for k $\geq$ 3. The temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient indicated that Z $n_{k}$I $n_2$ $O_{3＋k}$ could be treated as an extrinsic degenerate semiconductor. Figure-of-merits of Z $n_{k}$I $n_2$ $O_{3＋k}$ were evaluated from the measured electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, and the reported thermal conductivity. Z $n_{7}$ I $n_2$ $O_{10}$ has the largest figure-of-merit over all the temperatures, and its highest value was $1.5{\times}$10$^{-4}$ $K^{-1}$ at 1145 K.5 K.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.118-118
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.195.3-195
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• 2003

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.08a
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• pp.56.4-56
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• 1998

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2010

With recent advancement of remote sensing technology, a variety of data acquisition over the same area is achievable. An automated co-registration of heterogeneous airborne images is a critical step for change detection. This paper describes an automatic method for co-registration between digital image and existing building model. Optimal building models for co-registration purpose are extracted as primitives from existing building model database. A set of homologous features between straight lines extracted from aerial digital image and model primitive are computed based on geometric similarity function. With obtained homologous features, EO parameter is recomputed using least square method. The result shows that die suggested method automatically co-register two data set in a reliable manner.