• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

콘크리트 충전강관기둥부재는 내력 및 내화적 효과가 우수한 것으로 인식되고 있으며, 이에 관련된 연구가 지속되는 추세이다. 콘크리트는 강관내부에 충전, 구속되므로 구조적 성능이 유지되면서 열용량의 효과가 발휘되어야 일정 시간이상의 내화성능이 발현될 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 논문의 목적은 21 MPa의 일반 콘크리트와 40 MPa의 고강도 콘크리트의 내화성능에 기여하는 정도를 파악하고, 향후 공학적 내화설계의 기반자료 제공을 위하여 축력비 100%, 80%, 60% 및 50%를 재하하는 내화시험을 수행하여, 강재의 표면온도, 콘크리트의 온도를 측정하였다. 콘크리트가 충전된 강관기둥부재는 30분이상의 내화성능 되지 못하였으며, 이는 콘크리트의 조기 균열에 의한 내력적 성능저하로 판단되었다. 따라서 일정시간 이상의 내화성능 확보는 작용 하중비를 50 %이하로 설정하는 것이 권장되었다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2003

내진상세가 적용되지 않은 RC중공구형단면 교각의 지진 시 거동특성 및 내진성능을 파악하기 위하여 축소모델 실험을 수행하였다. 축소모델은 교각의 소성힌지영역내에 동일한 위치에서 모든 주철근이 겹침이음된 모델과 연속된 철근을 사용하여 겹침이음을 없앤 모델로 설계하였다. 실험은 축력이 재하된 상태에서 준정적 반복하중을 재하하였다. 실험결과 겸침이음모델은 주철근의 겹침이음부에서의 부착파괴가 발생하였지만 비교적 큰 연성거동을 나타냈으며 연속철근을 사용한 모델은 전형적인 휨파괴 특성과 매우 큰 연성거동을 보였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.325-333
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• 2010

이 연구에서는 시공성과 경제성이 향상되고 중진 지역에서 사용할 수 있는 새로운 프리캐스트 콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부 상세를 복합구조로 개발하고 실험을 통하여 이를 검증하였다. 이 상세는 기둥 속에 매립된 각형강관과 보U형 단부를 갖는 보 단부에 매립된 플레이트를 볼트로 결합시킬 수 있는 구조로 되어있다. 하이브리드 스틸-콘크리트 접합합부에 앞서 콘크리트가 조기에 파괴되는 것을 막기 위하여 접합부 부분에 ECC(engineered cementitious composite)를 사용하였다. 개발된 접합부 상세에 대한 성능을 검증하기 위하여 보-기둥 접합부 실험체를 계획하여 이에 대한 내진성능 실험을 실시하였다. 내부 접합부에 있어서는 접합부 횡보강근 유무와 현장타성 범위를 변수로 3개의 실험체를 제작하였다. 실험은 기둥에 일정 축력을 가한 상태에서 PC기둥 단부에 액츄에이터를 설치하여 변위제어로써 반복가력 하여 실시하였다. 실험에서 얻은 자료를 접합부 내력, 강성, 에너지 소산능력 등에 대하여 분석하였으며, 그 결과 이 연구에서 제시한 새로운 보-기둥 접합부 상세는 강재와 콘크리트 그리고 ECC 사이에서의 다른 부착 특성 때문에 구조거동에서 차이점이 관찰되었으며, 기준 실험체를 제외한 두 실험체의 경우 ECC 및 철골연결재에 의해 소성힌지를 유도할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 프리캐스트 접합부는 높은 일체성과 모멘트 저항 능력을 보이며 중진 지역에서 사용가능함을 보였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.115-130
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• 2017

A new type of moment-resisting bolted connection was developed for use in composite steel- concrete construction to connect composite open section steel beams to concrete filled steel square tubular columns. The connection was made possible using anchored blind bolts along with two through bolts. It was designed to act compositely with the in-situ reinforced concrete slab to achieve an enhanced stiffness and strength. The developed connection was incorporated in the design of a medium rise (five storey) commercial building which was located in low to medium seismicity regions. The lateral load resisting system for the design building consisted of moment resisting frames in two directions. A major full scale test on a sub-assembly of a perimeter moment-resisting frame of the model building was conducted to study the system behaviour incorporating the proposed connection. The behaviour of the proposed connection and its interaction with the floor slab under cyclic loading representing the earthquake events with return periods of 500 years and 2500 years was investigated. The proposed connection was categorized as semi rigid for unbraced frames based on the classification method presented in Eurocode 3. Furthermore, the proposed connection, composite with the floor slab, successfully provided adequate lateral load resistance for the model building.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2018

Structures may need retrofitting as a result of design and calculation errors, lack of proper implementation, post-construction change in use, damages due to accidental loads, corrosion and changes introduced in new editions of construction codes. Retrofitting helps to compensate weakness and increase the service life. Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) is a modern material for retrofitting steel elements. This study aims to investigate the effect of deficiency location on the axial behavior of compressive elements of Circular Hollow Section (CHS) steel short columns. The deficiencies located vertically or horizontally at the middle or bottom of the element. A total of 43 control column and those with deficiencies were investigated in the ABAQUS software. Only 9 of them tested in the laboratory. The results indicated that the deficiencies had a significant effect on the increase in axial deformation, rupture in deficiency zone (local buckling), and decrease in ductility and bearing capacity. The damages of steel columns were responsible for resistance and stiffness drop at deficiency zone. Horizontal deficiency at the middle and vertical deficiency at the bottom of the steel columns were found to be the most critical. Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) as the most effective material in retrofitting the damaged columns, significantly helped the increase in resistance and rupture control around the deficiency zone.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.73-92
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• 2012

The effect of element interaction and material nonlinearity on the ultimate capacity of stainless steel plated cross-sections is investigated in this paper. The focus of the research lies in cross-sections failing by local buckling; member instabilities, distortional buckling and interactions thereof with local buckling are not considered. The cross-sections investigated include rectangular hollow sections (RHS), I sections and parallel flange channels (PFC). Based on previous finite element investigations of structural stainless steel stub columns, parametric studies were conducted and the ultimate capacity of the aforementioned cross-sections with a range of element slendernesses and aspect ratios has been obtained. Various design methods, including the effective width approach, the direct strength method (DSM), the continuous strength method (CSM) and a design method based on regression analysis, which accounts for element interaction, were assessed on the basis of the numerical results, and the relative merits and weaknesses of each design approach have been highlighted. Element interaction has been shown to be significant for slender cross-sections, whilst the behaviour of stocky cross-sections is more strongly influenced by the material strain-hardening characteristics. A modification to the continuous strength method has been proposed to allow for the effect of element interaction, which leads to more reliable ultimate capacity predictions. Comparisons with available test data have also been made to demonstrate the enhanced accuracy of the proposed method and its suitability for the treatment of local buckling in stainless steel cross-sections.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.153-168
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• 2003

This paper discusses the results and observations from a large-scale fire test conducted on a slim floor system, comprising asymmetric beams, rectangular hollow section beams and a composite floor slab. The structure was subjected to a fire where the fire load (combustible material) was higher that that found in typical office buildings and the ventilation area was artificially controlled during the test. Although the fire behaviour was not realistic it was designed to follow as closely as possible the time-temperature response used in standard fire tests, which are used to assess individual structural members and forms the bases of current fire design methods. The presented test results are limited, due to the malfunction of the instrumentation measuring the atmosphere and member temperatures. The lack of test data hinders the presentation of definitive conclusions. However, the available data, together with observations from the test, provides for the first time a useful insight into the behaviour of the slim floor system in its entirety. Analysis of the test results show that the behaviour of the beam-to-column connections had a significant impact on the overall structural response of the system, particularly when the end-plate of one of the connections fractured, during the fire.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.637-648
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• 2021

Nowadays, one of the practical, fast and easy ways to strengthen steel elements is the use of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). Most previous research in the CFRP strengthening of steel members has carried out on straight steel members. The main difference between horizontal curved beams and straight beams under vertical load is the presence of torsional moment in the horizontal curved beams. In the other words, the horizontal curved beams are analyzed and designed for simultaneous internal forces included bending moment, torsional moment, and shear force. The horizontal curved steel beams are usually used in buildings, bridges, trusses, and others. This study explored the effect of the CFRP strengthening on the behavior of the horizontal curved square hollow section (SHS) steel beams. Four specimens were analyzed, one non-strengthened curved steel beam as a control column and three horizontal curved steel beams strengthened using CFRP sheets (under concentrated load and uniform distributed load). To analyze the horizontal curved steel beams, three dimensional (3D) modeling and nonlinear static analysis methods using ANSYS software were applied. The results indicated that application of CFRP sheets in some specific locations of the horizontal curved steel beams could increase the ultimate capacity of these beams, significantly. Also, the results indicated when the horizontal curved steel beams were under distributed load, the increase rate in the ultimate capacity was more than in the case when these beams were under concentrated load.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2010

RC교량이 내진성능을 확보하기 위해서는 교각의 연성도가 목표연성도에 도달하기 전에 발생하는 전단파괴가 방지되어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 신뢰성 있는 전단강도 평가식이 요구된다. 횡하중을 받는 RC기둥의 전단강도는 변위연성도의 증가에 따라 감소 하는 특성을 나타낸다. 다수의 연구자에 의해 전단강도 식이 제안되어 있으나 변위연성도가 작은 구역에서의 초기전단강도와 연성도 증가에 따른 전단강도의 감소율에서 많은 차이를 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 저자들이 제안한 초기전단강도를 기본으로 하여 다른 연구자에 의해서 수행된 많은 기둥실험 결과를 분석하여 변위연성도를 고려한 새로운 전단강도 평가식을 제안하였다, 제안된 평가식은 다른 평가식과의 비교를 통해 정확도가 크게 개선된 것을 확인하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.91-106
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• 2022

Concrete-filled square stainless steel tubes (CFSSST), which possess relatively large flexural stiffness, high corrosion resistance and require simple joint configurations and low maintenance cost, have a great potential in constructional applications. Despite that the use of stainless steel may result in high initial cost compared to their conventional carbon steel counterparts, the whole-life cost of CFSSST is however considered to be lower, which offers a competitive choice in engineering practice. In this paper, a comprehensive experimental and numerical program on 24 CFSSST stub column specimens, including 3 austenitic and 3 duplex stainless steel square hollow section (SHS) stub columns and 9 austenitic and 9 duplex CFSSST stub columns, has been carried out. Finite element (FE) models were developed to be used in parametric analysis to investigate the influence of the tube thickness and concrete strength on the ultimate capacities more accurately. Comparisons of the experimental and numerical results with the predictions made by design guides ACI 318, ANSI/AISC 360, Eurocode 4 and GB 50936 have been performed. It was found that these design methods generally give conservative predictions to the ultimate capacities of CFSSST stub columns. Improved calculation methods, developed based on the Continuous Strength Method, have been proposed to provide more accurate estimations of the ultimate resistances of CFSSST stub columns. The suitability of these proposals has been validated by comparison with the test results, where a good agreement between the predictions and the test results have been achieved.