• 제목/요약/키워드: hoax article

검색결과 2건 처리시간 0.021초

낚시성 인터넷 신문기사 검출을 위한 특징 추출 (Feature Extraction to Detect Hoax Articles)

  • 허성완;손경아
    • 정보과학회 논문지
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    • 제43권11호
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    • pp.1210-1215
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    • 2016
  • 스마트 기기의 발달로 많은 사람들이 인터넷 신문기사를 이용하고 있다. 하지만 인터넷 언론사간의 치열한 경쟁으로 조회수를 올리기 위한 낚시성 기사가 범람하고 있다. 낚시성 신문기사는 제목을 통해 올바른 기사의 줄거리가 제공되지 않았을 뿐만 아니라, 독자로 하여금 잘못된 내용을 떠올리게 한다. 낚시성 신문기사는 핵심에서 벗어난 유명인사 인용, 애매한 문장의 마무리, 제목과 내용의 불일치 등의 특징을 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 낚시성 기사를 분류하기 위한 특징을 추출하고 성능을 검증해 본다. 기사에 달린 댓글의 키워드를 활용하여 대용량 학습데이터를 생성하고 이를 기반으로 다섯 가지 분류 특징을 추출하였다. 추출된 특징들은 서포트 벡터 머신 분류기를 이용한 실험에서 92%의 정확도를 보여 낚시성 인터넷 신문기사를 분류하는데 적합하다고 판단된다. 뿐만 아니라 제목과 본문의 일관성을 측정하기 위한 전처리 방법으로 고안한 선택적 바이그램 모델은 낚시성 인터넷 신문기사 분류 외에도 일반적인 단문 분석을 위한 전처리 방법으로 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

최근국제항공보안대책(最近國際航空保安対策)의 제간제(諸間題) -특히 법적측면(法的測面)을 중심(中心)으로- (Some New Problems of International Aviation Security- Considerations Forcused on its Legal Aspects)

  • 최완식
    • 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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    • 제5권
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    • pp.53-75
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    • 1993
  • This article is concerned with the comment on "Some New Problems of International Aviation Security-Considerations Forcused on its Legal Aspects". Ever since 1970, in addition to the problem of failure to accept the Tokyo, Hague and Montreal Conventions, there has been also the problem of parties to them, failing to comply with their obligations under the respective treaties, in the form especially of nominal penalties or the lack of any effort to prosecute after blank refusals to extradite. There have also been cases of prolonged detention of aircraft, passengers and hostages. In this regard, all three conventions contain identical clauses which submit disputes between two or more contracting States concerning the interpretation or application of the respective conventions to arbitration or failing agreement on the organization of the arbitration, to the International Court of Justice. To the extent to which contracting States have not contracted out of this undertaking, as I fear they are expressly allowed to do, this promision can be used by contracting States to ensure compliance. But to date, this avenue does not appear to have been used. From this point of view, it may be worth mentioning that there appears to be an alarming trend towards the view that the defeat of terrorism is such an overriding imperative that all means of doing so become, in international law, automatically lawful. In addition, in as far as aviation security is concerned, as in fact it has long been suggested, what is required is the "application of the strictest security measures by all concerned."In this regard, mention should be made of Annex 17 to the Chicago Convention on Security-Safeguarding International Civil Aviation against Acts of Unlawful Intereference. ICAO has, moreover, compiled, for restricted distribution, a Security Manual for Safeguarding Civil Aviation Against Acts of Unlawful Interference, which is highly useful. In this regard, it may well be argued that, unless States members of ICAO notify the ICAO Council of their inability to comply with opecific standards in Annex 17 or any of the related Annexes in accordance with Article 38 of the 1944 Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation, their failure to do so can involve State responsibility and, if damage were to insure, their liability. The same applies to breaches of any other treaty obligation. I hope to demonstrate that although modes of international violence may change, their underlying characteristics remain broadly similar, necessitating not simply the adoption of an adequate body of domestic legislation, firm in its content and fairly administered, but also an international network of communication, of cooperation and of coordination of policies. Afurther legal instrument is now being developed by the Legal Committee of ICAO with respect to unlawful acts at International airports. These instruments, however, are not very effective, because of the absence of universal acceptance and the deficiency I have already pointed out. Therefore, States, airports and international airlines have to concentrate on prevention. If the development of policies is important at the international level, it is equally important in the domestic setting. For example, the recent experiences of France have prompted many changes in the State's legislation and in its policies towards terrorism, with higher penalties for terrorist offences and incentives which encourage accused terrorists to pass informations to the authorities. And our government has to tighten furthermore security measures. Particularly, in the case an unarmed hijacker who boards having no instrument in his possession with which to promote the hoax, a plaintiff-passenger would be hard-pressed to show that the airline was negligent in screening the hijacker prior to boarding. In light of the airline's duty to exercise a high degree of care to provide for the safety of all the passengers on board, an acquiescence to a hijacker's demands on the part of the air carrier could constitute a breach of duty only when it is clearly shown that the carrier's employees knew or plainly should have known that the hijacker was unarmed. The general opinion is that the legal oystem could be sufficient, provided that the political will is there to use and apply it effectively. All agreed that the main responsibility for security has to be borne by the governments. A state that supports aviation terrorism is responsible for violation of International Aviation Law. Generally speaking, terrorism is a violation of international law. It violates the sovereign rights of states, and the human rights of the individuals. We have to contribute more to the creation of a general consensus amongst all states about the need to combat the threat of aviation terrorism. I think that aviation terrorism as becoming an ever more serious issue, has to be solved by internationally agreed and closely co - ordinated measures.

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