• 조형예술학연구
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• 제7권
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• pp.64-104
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• 2005

Visual media transmits image and information reproduced in large quantities, such as a photography, film, television, video, advertisement, or computer image. Correspondence to the students' reception and recognition of culture in the future. arrangements for the field of studies of visual culture. 'Visual Culture' implies cultural phenomena of visual images via visual media, which includes not only the categories of traditional arts like a painting, sculpture, print, or design, but the performance arts including a fashion show or parade of carnival, and the mass and electronic media like a photography, film, television, video, advertisement, cartoon, animation, or computer image. In the world of visual media, Image' functions as an essential medium of communication. Therefore, people call the culture of today fra of Image Culture', which has been converted from an alphabet convergence era to an image convergence one. Image, via visual media, has become a dominant means for communication in large part of human life, so we can designate an Image' as a typical aspect of visual culture today. Image, as an essential medium of communication, plays an important role in contemporary society. The one way is the conversion of analogue image like an actual picture, photograph, or film into digital one through the digitalization of digital camera or scanner as 'an analogue/digital commutator'. The other is a way of process with a computer drawing, or modeling of objects. It is appropriate to the production of pictorial and surreal images. Digital images, produced by the other, can be divided into the form of Pixel' and form of Vector'. Vector is a line linking the point of departure to the point of end, which organizes informations. Computer stores each line's standard location and correlative locations to one another Digital image shows for more 'Perfectness' than any other visual media. Digital image has been evolving in the diverse aspects, such as a production of geometrical or organic image compositing, interactive art, multimedia art, or web art, which has been applied a computer as an extended trot of painting. Someone often interprets digitalized copy with endless reproduction of original even as an extension of a print. Visual af is no longer a simple activity of representation by a painter or sculptor, but now is intimately associated with a matter of application of media. There is some problem in images via visual media. First, the image via media doesn't reflect a reality as it is, but reflects an artificial manipulated world, that is, a virtual reality. Second, the introduction of digital effect and the development of image processing technology have enhanced a spectacle of destructive and violent scenes. Third, a child intends to recognize the interactive images of computer game and virtual reality as a reality, or truth. Education needs not only to point out an ill effect of mass media and prevent the younger generation from being damaged by it, but also to offer a knowledge and know-how to cope actively with social, cultural circumstances. Visual media education is one of these essential methods for the contemporary and future human being in the overflowing of image informations. The fosterage of 'Visual Literacy' can be considered as a very purpose of visual media education. This is a way to lead an individual to the discerning, active consumer and producer of visual media in life as far as possible. The elements of 'Visual Literacy' can be divided into a faculty of recognition related to the visual media, a faculty of critical reception, a faculty of appropriate application, a faculty of active work and a faculty of creative modeling, which are promoted at the same time by the education of 'visual literacy'. In conclusion, the education of 'Visual Literacy' guides students to comprehend and discriminate the visual image media carefully, or receive them critically, apply them properly, or produce them creatively and voluntarily. Moreover, it leads to an artistic activity by means of new media. This education can be approached and enhanced by the connection and integration with real life. Visual arts and education of them play an important role in the digital era depended on visual communications via image information. Visual me야a of day functions as an essential element both in daily life and in arts. Students can soundly understand visual phenomena of today by means of visual media, and apply it as an expression tool of life culture as well. A new recognition and valuation visual image and media education is required to cultivate the capability of active, upright dealing with the changes of history of civilization. 1) Visual media education helps to cultivate a sensibility for images, which reacts to and deals with the circumstances. 2) It helps students to comprehend the contemporary arts and culture via new media. 3) It supplies a chance of students' experiencing a visual modeling by means of new media. 4) There are educational opportunities of images with temporality and spaciality, and therefore a discerning person becomes to increase. 5) The modeling activity via new media leads students to be continuously interested in the school and production of plastic arts. 6) It raises the ability of visual communications dealing with image information society. 7) An education of digital image is significant in respect of cultivation of man of talent for the future society of image information as well. To correspond to the changing and developing social, cultural circumstances, and the form and recognition of students' reception of them, visual arts education must arrange the field of studying on a new visual culture. Besides, a program needs to be developed, which is in more systematic and active level in relation to visual media education. Educational contents should be extended to the media for visual images, that is, photography, film, television, video, computer graphic, animation, music video, computer game and multimedia. Every media must be separately approached, because they maintain the modes and peculiarities of their own according to the conveyance form of message. The concrete and systematic method of teaching and the quality of education must be researched and developed, centering around the development of a course of study. Teacher's foundational capability of teaching should be cultivated for the visual media education. In this case, it must be paid attention to the fact that a technological level of media is considered as a secondary. Because school education doesn't intend to train expert and skillful producers, but intends to lay stress on the essential aesthetic one with visual media under the social and cultural context, in respect of a consumer including a man of culture.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2003

연구배경 : M. avium complex(MAC)는 비결핵성 마이코박테리아로 의한 폐질환의 가장 흔한 원인균이다. 본 연구는 MAC 폐질환 환자의 임상적 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1997년 미국흉부학회의 비결핵성 마이코박테리아 폐질환 진단기준을 만족하는 24명의 MAC 폐질환환자의 임상적 특징을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 미국흉부학회의 분류에 따른 상엽공동형과 결절기관지확장증형의 MAC 폐질환에서 임상적 차이가 있는가를 살펴보았다. 결과 : 24명의 환자는 남자 14명(58%), 여자 10명(42%)이었고, 진단시 연령의 중앙값은 61세(범위 46-75세)였다. 사람면역결핍바이러스 항체 양성자는 없었다. 원인균은 M. intracellulare이 16례(67%), M. avium이 7례(29%), M. avium-intracellulare 1례(4%)이었다. 증상은 기침(92%), 객담(88%), 객혈(29%) 등이 많았다. 과거 폐결핵 치료력이 20명(83%)의 환자에서 있었다. 객담 항산균 도말양성 환자가 17명(71%)이었다. 증상 발생부터 진단까지 36개월(6-156개월)이 소요되었다. 상엽공동형이 14명(58%), 결절기관지확장증형이 10명(42%)이었다. 상엽공동형과 결절기관지확장증형은 성별(남성 86% vs. 20%, p=0.003), 흡연력(현재 또는 과거 흡연자 79% vs. 10%, p=0.008), 기저질환 유무(동반 64% vs. 20%, p=0.036) 등의 임상적 특징과 %FVC(71%, 범위 45-108% vs. 88%, 범위 73-108%, p=0.022), % $FEV_1$(69%, 범위 39-100% vs. 89% 범위 70-114%, p=0.051) 등 폐활량 그리고 단순흉부방사선촬영에서 양측성 병변(29% vs. 90%, p=0.005) 등 방사선학적 특징이 차이를 보였다. 증상 발생부터 진단까지의 기간이 결절기관지확장증형(중앙값 72개월, 범위 8-132개월)이 상엽공동형 (중앙값 22개월, 범위 6-60개월)에 비해 길었다(p=0.046). 결론 : MAC 폐질환은 증상 발생부터 진단까지 오랜 시간이 소요되는 만성 폐질환으로 외국의 보고와 유사한 빈도로 상엽공동형과 결절기관지확장증형의 두 가지 형태가 국내에서도 발생하고 있다. MAC 폐질환의 보다 빠른 진단을 위해서는 MAC 폐질환의 다양한 임상상에 대한 이해와 임상적 의심이 중요하다고 사료된다.