• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.68-78
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• 2000

Objective : This research was performed to investigate protective effects of Sophora subprostrata, against ischemic brain damage after a middle cerebral artery(MCA) occlusion. The effect was estimated using histological test, neurobehavioural test, and biochemical test. Methods : Rats(Sprague-Dawley) were divided into four groups: Sham operated group, MCA occluded group, Sophora subprostrata administrated group after MCA occlusion, and Normal group. The MCA was occluded by intraluminal method. Sophora subprostrata was administrated orally twice(l and 4 hours) after middle cerebral artery occlusion. The neurobeavioural test was performed at 3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours and 24 hours after the surgery by posture reflex test and swimming behavioural test. All groups were sacrificed at 24 hours after the surgery. The brain tissue was stained with 2% triphenyl tetrazolium chioride(TTC) or 1 % cresyl violet solution, to examine effect of Sophora subprostrata on ischemic brain tissue. The blood samples were obtained from the heart of rats. Tumor necrosis factor-a level was measured from sera using Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay(ELISA). Results : The results showed that (1) Sophora subprostrata reduced infarct size and total infarct volume by 54.8% compared to the control group, (2) that neuronal death, which was shown by decrease in cell number and size, was attenuated significantly in the boundary area of the infarction, (3) that serum $TNF-{\alpha}$ㆍlevel was reduced significantly, and finally, there was significant recovery of motor deficit at 3 hours after MCA occluded by Swimming behavioural test. Conclusions :In conclusion, Sophora subprostrata has protective effects against ischemic brain damage at the early stage of ischemia.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.11
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• pp.192-196
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• 1996

[ $1.06/1.32{\mu}m$ ] dual-wavelength medical laser was developed and preliminary clinical comparisons at these two wavelengths were performed for dental application. We could develop a compact laser system 1) by lasing two wavelengths from the same Nd:YAG rod, and 2) by introducing high-voltage switching power supply modules. Experiment on gingiva of pig jaw showed higher thermal damage at $1.32{\mu}m$. Depending on particular procedures, each wavelength has its own advantages and disadvantages. For cutting, however, using conical tips rather than bare fibers provided better results with low threshold of cutting energy and less surrounding thermal damage. Appling light-absorbing dye on target area appeared to induce more damage during laser irradiation. However, histological studies showed no significant difference whether dye was applied or not.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.572-584
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• 2022

Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of trinucleotide CAG repeat in the Huntingtin (Htt) gene. The major pathogenic pathways underlying HD involve the impairment of cellular energy homeostasis and DNA damage in the brain. The protein kinase ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is an important regulator of the DNA damage response. ATM is involved in the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), suggesting that AMPK plays a critical role in response to DNA damage. Herein, we demonstrated that expression of polyQ-expanded mutant Htt (mHtt) enhanced the phosphorylation of ATM. Ginsenoside is the main and most effective component of Panax ginseng. However, the protective effect of a ginsenoside (compound K, CK) in HD remains unclear and warrants further investigation. Methods: This study used the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of HD and performed behavioral tests, survival rate, histological analyses, and immunoblot assays. Results: The systematic administration of CK into R6/2 mice suppressed the activation of ATM/AMPK and reduced neuronal toxicity and mHTT aggregation. Most importantly, CK increased neuronal density and lifespan and improved motor dysfunction in R6/2 mice. Conversely, CK enhanced the expression of Bcl2 protected striatal cells from the toxicity induced by the overactivation of mHtt and AMPK. Conclusions: Thus, the oral administration of CK reduced the disease progression and markedly enhanced lifespan in the transgenic mouse model (R6/2) of HD.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1987

This study is to evaluate the potential use of aclarubicin-loaded gelatin microspheres as an intravascular biodegradable drug delivery system for the regional cancer therapy. The diameter of the microspheres prepared by water in oil emulsion polymerization could be controlled by adjusting the stirring rate in the range of 10-50 $\mu$m : D(in $\mu$m) = -73.8 log (rpm) + 262.7. The addition of proteolytic enzyme increased the in vitro aclarubicin release but it did not change the amount of the initial burst release which reached about 45%. Microspheres injected intravenously into the mouse tail vein embolized only to the lung when observed by fluorescence microscopy. From histological examination following injection of gelatin microspheres into mouse femoral muscle, mild inflammation was observed from the appearance of neutrophils after 2 days and rapid repair process was confirmed thereafter. Biodegradation process of gelatin microspheres lodged on the pulmonary capillary bed was followed up by microscopic observation; degradation was taking place by about 36 hrs, followed by severe damage on the spheerical shape and microspheres was no longer found 10 days after injection.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.251-262
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• 1999

In order to investigate pharmacological properties of New Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Pill (NSCH) and Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Pill (SCH), the effects of NSCH and SCH on cerebral ischemia and central nervous system were compared. Cerebral ischemia insult was performed using unilateral carotid artery occlusion in mongolian gerbils. The histological observations showed preventive effects of NSCH and SCH treatments with ischemia-induced brain damage. The ATP in brain tissue was decreased in vehicle-treated ischemic gerbils. This decrease was prevented by SCH treatment. In contrast to what was inhibited by NSCH and SCH treatments. While NSCH and SCH had no effects on the hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, they prevented the seizures induced by electric shock and strychnine. NSCH and SCH showed sedative effect in rotarod and spontaneous activity test. Furthermore, NSCH and SCH showed anti-stress effect. Our findings suggest that the pharmacological profiles of NSCH on cerebral ischemia and central nervous system are similar to those of SCH.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.95-97
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• 2003

Despite recent advances in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, the ability to repair extensive myocardial damage is limited. To develop a new therapy for myocardial infarction, we examined the possibility of regenerating myocardium by implanting bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells(BM-MNC) . Histological and immunohistochemical examination showed myocardium regeneration and angiogenesis in the cell transplantation site. Isolated perfused (Langendorff) heart experiments revealed enhanced functions of heart. These results suggest that BM-MNC transplantation induce cardiac muscle regeneration and that this approach could be applied as a possible treatment for myocardial infarction.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.119-122
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• 2010

Mortality and gill lesions in snakehead, Channa argus (body length range, 20.3-22.2 cm) reared in a aqua-farm in Busan, Korea, were associated with a dense bloom of Apiosoma-like ciliate, Order Petrichida. The size of parasite was $48.83{\pm}7.75{\mu}m{\times}14.29{\pm}2.66{\mu}m$. Histological examination revealed that a severe edema and collapse of the gill tissue were observed in a number of samples of snakehead. The mechanism of gill damage was likely due to physical irritation by the parasite. It is believed that this is the first report of Apiosoma-like ciliate in cultured fish in Korea.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.273-280
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• 1978

19 chronic pericarditis patients reviewed who were treated by surgical intervention in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam University Hospital during the recent 10 years from January of 1968 to January of 1978. 2. There were 14males and 5 females in this series. Range of age varied from 110 days to 61 years. 2. There were two hospital death, one expired 2 days and another 3 days after the pericardiectomy. In both of them, myocardial damage by disease process seemed to be major contributing factor. 2. Clinical and histological study showed tuberculous origin in 8 cases, nonspecific chronic inflammatory changes in 6 cases and pyogenic infection cases in 5 patients. 2. The postoperative complications were observed in 6 cases, and the most common was cardiac arrhythmia and wound infection. 2. The extent of pericardiectomy should be confined to the left and right ventricles to correct the hemodynamic anomaly in general. The results of this procedure has been satisfactory in 89 percent of the cases. 2. Optimal myocardial function in cases of constritive pericarditis was the key to the successful outcome of this procedure.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.125-138
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• 1998

To evaluate the radioprotective effects of Bujeongsaengjintang studies were done experimentally. The results were obtained as follows: 1. WBC, Platelet and RBC were significantly increased in Bujeongsaengjintang treated group as compared with control group after exposure to radiation by Liniac. 2. By FACS analysis of splenic leukocyte after exposure to radiation by Liniac, T cell, T-helper cell and macrophase were significantly increased in Bujeongsaengjintang treated group. 3. In histological changes of ileum and jejunum of Balb/C mice after exposure to radiation by Liniac, exclusion and fusion of villi were decreased in Bujeongsaengjintang treated group as compared with control group. From above results, it is suggested that Bujeongsaengjintang is available to a clinic for the protection from damage by radiotherapy to cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 1999

Burns can be caused by fire, chemicals, heated object and fluids. Distinguishing a minor burn from a more serious burn involves determining the degree of damage to the tissues of the body. Algin is known as natural polymer marine plants, we prepared the official burn ointment which is made by Algin. This burn ointment was covered on the skin wound of artificial burned and their effect of healing was investigated by the evaluation of histological and hematological change as a function of time. The result of rats test showed that burn ointments made from Algin was effective in formation of the new tissue and reduction of inflammation.