• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.286-298
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• 1993

In order to investigate the effect of selenium (Se) on the liver damage, metallothionein synthesis and hepatic antioxidative detoxification system in cadmium(Cd) administered rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats(60\\5g) were divided into two diet groups, depending on with (CdS groups) or without (Cd groups) 0.5ppm Se supplementation and fed experimental diets ad libidum for 4 weeks. And then each group was again subdivided into five groups, depending on injection number of Cd, i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 times of 2.5mg Cd/kg of body wt once a day. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit values, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activite were decreased progressively with increasing number of Cd injection, but increased by the supplementation of Se. The reduced form of glutathione (GSH) contents in blood and liver and vitamin E content were decreased and oxidized form (GSSG) increased in Cd groups, but these of Se supplemented groups were not very different from controls. Cd reduced liver vitamin E content which was not restored by Se supplementation. Liver lipid peroxide values were elevated with increasing doses of Cd, but Se supplementation reduced these elevated levels. Accumulation of metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with increasing number of Cd injection, but Se did not affect on them. Histological examination revealed that lysosomes were significantly increased and mitochondria and Golgi apparatus were enlarged by Cd, however, these changes were reduced by Se. It was concluded that Se administration promoted antioxidative detoxification and alleviated peroxidative damage in rat liver by Cd.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1074-1083
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• 1990

This study was evaluated the metabolic, physiologic and histologic effects of myocardial protection of verapamil[isoveratril]on isolated rat hearts to 90 minutes of ischemic arrest. Heart was perfused with a modified Kreb’s Henseleit bicarbonate buffer with glucose and arrested with retrograde coronary perfusion by glucose insulin[GI], potassium and verapamil. Mean aortic systolic pressure, heart rate, coronary flows were measured and morphologic changes were examined during working heart perfusion. Perfusion and arrest were controlled four groups subjected 60 isolated rat hearts. Four groups hearts reperfused during 40 minutes after 90 minutes global ischemia for physiologic recovery. 15 hearts of four groups were assayed to histological morphologic changes. GI treated hearts recovered less than 28% of function and changed more than 80% of mitochondria of control group. Verapamil hearts[0.2, 0.1 gm/kg] recovered more than 88% of function and permitted the maintenance of continuous cellular level of Serum Glutamic Oxalaxetate Transaminase[SGOT], but declined 28% of Phosphate Kinase[CP], GI treated heart showed widespread evidence of extensive damage of mitochondria. The damage was that interstitial huge edema are present and there was contraction band formation within the swollen cells. The verapamil and potassium group were not found morphologic change compared with control group. Their functions were shown that metabolic and physiologic action of verapamil-group lasted 20 minutes longer than potassium group.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.833-837
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• 2006

To determine whether alcohol-treated rat liver cells can be protected by a static magnetic field (SMF), we analyzed the blood chemistry and histology of hepatic tissue removed from alcohol-exposed rats that had been exposed to a static magnetic field. The rats were exposed to a 0.3 tesla (3,000 gauss) magnetic field (MF) for 24 hr daily for 5 weeks with appropriate controls. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity and the triglyceride levels in animals exposed to the north (N) or south (S) pole of the MF decreased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) compared with negative control animals with alcohol exposure. A histological examination of hepatic tissue revealed a moderate to severe accumulation of fat vacuoles of various sizes in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes of animals in the negative control group throughout the study; whereas in groups exposed to the MF poles, fewer fat vacuoles were seen compared with the negative control group. Electron microscopic observations showed that exposure to the N or S pole protected organelles, including the nucleus, from damage during exposure to this toxic agent, as indicated by the fact that the nucleus and the mithochondria virtually retained their shape throughout this study. These results suggest that exposure to a SMF could be an excellent way of protecting against alcohol-induced damage to the rat liver cell.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.18-26
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• 2007

Objective : To study the effect of the Insamyangyoung-tang(ISYT) extract on the skin barrier function, the skin pH, skin humidity and transepidermal water loss(TEWL) were measured and histological changes were observed in DNCB(2,4-dinitrochloro-benzen)-induced contact dermatitis(CD) hairless mice. Methods : The male hairless mice were divided into three groups. Each group consisted of 15 mice. The normal group which had acetone- olive oil applied. The control group which had intentionally induced CD by DNCB and it was fed normal saline orally. The ISYT group which had intentionally induced CD by DNCB and it was fed ISYT extract orally for 7 days. The three groups were checked 24h, 48h and 72h later after inducing CD, and the skin pH, skin humidity and TEWL were observed. Tissue samples were taken, and damage to the epithelial cell was observed. Statistical analysis was performed by using one way-ANOVA: significance was set at p values less than 5% (p<0.05). Results : ISYTextract efficiently maintained the pH balance, it kept the skin humidity at a normal level, and it inhibited TEWL of the DNCB-induced CD hairless mouse. The damage to the epithelium was decreased and the regeneration power of the skin was increased in the ISYT group. Conclusion : Insamyangyoung-tang has a good effect on the skin barrier function of DNCB induced contact dermatitis hairless mice.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.511-519
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• 1998

This study investigated the role of nitric oxide on the oxidative damage in gastric mucosa of rats which received ischemia/reperfusion and its relation to mucus. Nitric oxide synthesis modulators such as L-arginine and $N^G-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester, and sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide donor, were injected intraperitoneally to the rats 30 min prior to ischemia/reperfusion which was induced by clamping the celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min and reperfusion for 1 h. Lipid peroxide production, the contents of glutathione and mucus, and glutathione peroxidase activities of gastric mucosa were determined. Histological observation of gastric mucosa was performed by using hematoxylin-eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy. The result showed that ischemia/reperfusion increased lipid peroxide production and decreased the contents of glutathione and mucus as well as glutathione peroxidase activities of gastric mucosa. Ischemia/reperfusion induced gastric erosion and gross epithelial disruption of gastric mucosa. Pretreatment of L-arginine, a substrate for nitric oxide synthase, and sodium nitroprusside prevented ischemia/reperfusion-induced alterations of gastric mucosa. However, $N^G-nitro-$ L- arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, deteriorated oxidative damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion. In conclusion, nitric oxide has an antioxidant defensive role on gastric mucosa by maintaining mucus, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase of gastric mucosa.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.4
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• pp.386-389
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• 2012

Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is a histological change in lung tissue, and is generally caused by an acute lung injury, which is characterized by bilateral and widespread damages. Localized DAD occurs very rarely. The causes for DAD are numerous, but the chief cause is acute interstitial pneumonia or acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, in cases of idiopathic manifestation. The 82-year-old patient, in this case study, showed a DAD lesion in only 1 lobe. The patient was otherwise healthy, with no previous symptoms of DAD. He was admitted to our medical center owing to localized infiltration, observed on his chest radiograph. Laboratory studies showed no signs of infections. DAD was confirmed by a surgical lung biopsy. The patient received corticosteroid treatment and had gradually improved. We report the case of a patient with localized, idiopathic DAD that cannot be classified as acute interstitial pneumonia or acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1998

It has been known that $\gamma$-irradiation usually induces cell death in regenerating stem cell in normal tissues like skin, intestine and hematopoietic organ. The experiment were carried out to evaluate the early response of radiation injury in radiosensitive and intermediate radiosensitive tissues in feeding and starving rats with the doses of 3.5 and 7.0 Gy. The results of the study showed that the histological phenomenon was apoptosis in the doses of the radiation as the early response of tissue injury. Apoptosis were showed organ-specific and cellular specific responses suggesting that the selection of apoptosis be exactly focused on highly renewal organs and cells. It was interesting that the rats starved for 72 hours prior to irradiation induced less apoptosis in liver than fed rats. As for cellular responses it appeared that apoptotic cells were mostly distributed in ductal or periportal cells in liver of feeding rats unlikely in liver of Starving rots which showed no difference in zonal distribution. In salivary gland apoptotic cells in fed rats were highly induced in intercalating and ductal cell population than in acinar cell population although unlikely in starved rats. This study showed the value of apoptosis using the detection system of TUNEL for evaluating cellular damage after radiation injury and the diminished effect of starvation on cell damage after ionizing irradiation.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2009

Lasers are necessity in our life related to the fields of medicine and cosmetic surgery. With 808 nm diode laser and $CO_2$ laser, we made some wounds on a dorsum of rat by laser irradiation. All of irradiations shows thermal effects on the whole region of skin tissues. They make wound damage depending on laser power and irradiation time. Because a collagen is plays an important role in tissue repair, we studied collagen accumulation in wound tissue. For wound healing, collagen accumulation was found in the near region of damage in epidermis and dermis layer of the rat skin. In case of the quantitative analysis of collagen in wound tissue, the amount of collagen in wound tissue by $CO_2$ laser irradiation is higher than that of 808 nm diode laser irradiation. And re-epithelialization was significantly faster in wound by $CO_2$ laser irradiation compared with that of 808 nm diode laser irradiation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.371-377
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• 2000

In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of fractions of Astragali Radix and Polygalae Radix, the effects of the fractions on cerebral ischemia and subsequent reperfusion were studied. Brain ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in mongolian gerbil. Brains were recirculated for 30 mins after the 20 min occlusion. Methanol and butanol fractions of Astragali Radix and Polygalae Radix were administered orally 2 hrs before common carotid artery occlusion. Histological observations showed that brain ischemia induced severe brain damage evidenced by the presence of necrotic foci, edema and hemorrhage. This injury was prevented by the methanol fraction and butanol fraction of Polygalae Radix. The level of ATP in brain tissue significantly decreased in ischemic gerbils. This decrease was prevented by the pretreatment with butanol fraction of Polygalae Radix. In contrast, the levels of lactate and lipid peroxide were both elevated in ischemic gerbils. This elevation was inhibited by the pretreatments with methanol fraction and butanol fraction of Polygalae Radix. Our findings suggest that the Polygalae Radix improves ischemia-induced brain damage.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2012

Cigarette smoking is known to be associated with various chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases ranging from inflammation to cancer. Not only first-hand smoke but also second-hand smoke is suggested to be a factor of health risk. This study was to investigate whether Platycodi Radix extract administration would alter oxidative stress in lung leading to protection of cigarette smoke-induced lung damage. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups; Intact, Smoke+PR and Smoke+Vehicle. In Smoke+PR and Smoke+Vehicle group, the exposure to cigarette smoke was performed for 15 min/day for 4 weeks in ventilated smoking chamber. The Platycodi Radix extract and saline were orally administrated to Smoke+PR and Smoke+Vehicle group each. The rats of Intact group were just kept in ventilated chamber without cigarette smoke. After the experiment for 4 weeks, the lung tissues were collected for histological observation and immunohistochemistry. In Results, airspace enlargement and goblet cell hyperplasia were observed after 4 weeks' exposure to cigarette smoke. Whereas, the oral administration of Platycodi Radix extract for 4 weeks reduced airspace enlargement and goblet cell hyperplasia. Moreover, the alterations of BAX/Bcl-2 proteins in lung tissues were observed. These results suggest that Platycodi Radix extract ameliorates lung damage in cigarette smoke-exposed rats and has protective effects on second-hand smoke injury.