• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.200-204
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• 2009

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of reduced L-glutathione on the oxidant/antioxidant status(superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), protein carbonyl and lipid hydroperoxide(LPO) concentration), renal function(blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and serum creatinine levels), and microscopy of renal tissues in pigs undergoing unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R). Sixteen Landrace and Yorkshire mixed-breed pigs were divided randomly into two groups: untreated control group and reduced L-glutathione-treated group(4 mg/kg IV). Each group had 8 pigs. Pigs were unilaterally nephrectomized and the kidney was subject to 30 min of renal pedicle occlusion. Blood samples for biochemical assay were collected on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 post nephrectomy. Renal I/R injury were evaluated histopathologically by the microscopic observation of renal tissue sections and biochemically by the measurement of the plasma creatinine and urea levels. Parameters of oxidative stress such as SOD, GPx, CAT, protein carbonyl and LPO were measured. The elevation of creatine and BUN levels was lower in the treated group, compared with the control group. The activities of antioxidant-enzyme were higher in the treated group, compared with the control group. In histological findings, the severity of damage in the reduced L-glutathione treated group was less when compared to the control group.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.829-835
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• 2014

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by dysregulation of colon mucosal immunity and mucosal epithelial barrier function. Recent studies have reported that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Lactobacillus plantarum K8 reduces excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokine. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of lysate of Lb. plantarum K8 in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally pretreated with lysate of Lb. plantarum K8 (low dose or high dose) or live Lb. plantarum K8 prior to the induction of colitis using 4% DSS. Disease progression was monitored by assessment of disease activity index (DAI). Histological changes of colonic tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The colon mRNA expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and toll like receptor-2 (TLR-2) were examined by quantitative real-time-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Lysate of Lb. plantarum K8 suppressed colon shortening, edema, mucosal damage, and the loss of DSS-induced crypts. The groups that received lysate of Lb. plantarum K8 exhibited significantly decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 in the colon. Interestingly, colonic expression of toll like receptor-2 mRNA in the high-dose lysate of Lb. plantarum K8 group increased significantly. Our study demonstrates the protective effects of oral lysate of Lb. plantarum K8 administration on DSS-induced colitis via the modulation of pro-inflammatory mediators of the mucosal immune system.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1583-1591
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• 2014

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation alters multiple molecular pathways in the skin, thereby inducing skin damage, including photoaging. In recent years, probiotics have gained interest due to their beneficial effects on skin health, such as inhibiting atopic dermatitis and improving skin immunity or inflammation. However, little is known about the effects of probiotics on UVB-induced photoaging. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 against UVB-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts and hairless mice. The results showed that L. plantarum HY7714 treatment effectively rescued UVB-reduced procollagen expression through the inhibition of UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Data from a western blot showed that L. plantarum HY7714 inhibited the phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase, thereby suppressing the UVB-induced phosphorylation and expression of c-Jun. Oral administration of L. plantarum HY7714 clearly inhibited the number, depth, and area of wrinkles in hairless mouse skin. Histological data showed that L. plantarum HY7714 significantly inhibited UVB-induced epidermal thickness in mice. Western blot and zymography data also revealed that L. plantarum HY7714 effectively inhibited MMP-13 expression as well as MMP-2 and -9 activities in dermal tissue. Collectively, these results provide further insight regarding the skin biological actions of L. plantarum HY7714, a potential skin anti-photoaging agent.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

Objectives This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Seungseup-tang (SST) on the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rats. Methods Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of MIA ($50{\mu}l$ with 80 mg/ml) into knee joint cavity of rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups (normal group, control group, indomethacin treated group, SST treated group, each n=6). Normal group was not injected with MIA and taken normal diet. Control group was injected with MIA and taken with distilled water. Indomethacin treated group was injected with MIA and taken indomethacin 5 mg/kg by oral administration. SST treated group was injected with MIA and taken SST 200 mg/kg by oral administration. We examined the weight-bearing ability of hind paw, biomarkers related to oxidative stress in serum, inflammatory proteins and inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Moreover, histopathological examination of knee joint structure was also performed by Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E), Safranin-O staining method. Results In the present study, SST treated group showed a similar inhibitory effects alike indomethacin treated group, in most of the studied parameters of inflammation. The increased oxidative stress biomarker such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxy nitrite ($ONOO^-$) in the serum were reduced with SST. Especially, the level of $ONOO^-$ compared with control group significantly suppressed. Also, the expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines induced by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) activation was modulated through inhibition of IkBa phosphorlation. In addition, histological analysis revealed that cartilage damage by MIA repaired markedly in SST treated group. Conclusions According to the results, Seungseup-tang may be effective for preventing the progression of osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.403-424
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• 1999

To evaluate the antitumor activity, antimetastatic and radioprotective effects of Kamisasammaekmundongtang(KSMT), studies were done experimentally. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In cytotoxicity against P388, A549 and B16-F10, KSMT was not showed satisfiable cytotoxicity as compared with control. 2. In Inhibitory effect on activity of DNA topoisomerase I, KSMT has strong inhibitory effect. 3. The inhibitory effect on adhesion of A549 to complex extracellular matrix was significantly increased at 0.5mg/ml, 1mg/ml of KSMT. 4. The T/C% was 122 in KSMT treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice. 5. In antiangiogenetic effect on CAM assay, inhibitory rate was 33% in KSMT treated group. 6. In pulmonary colonization assay, a number of colonies in the lungs were decreased significantly in KSMT treated group as compared with control group. 7. By FACS analysis of splenic leukocyte after exposure to radiation by linear accelerator, T-helper cell, B cell and macrophage in KSMT treated group were significantly increased while splenocytes were decreased in control group. 8. In histological changes of jejunum of $Bald{\setminus}C$ mice after exposure to radiation by linear accelerator, exclusion and fusion of villi were decreased as compared with control group. But in duodenum and ileum, exclusion and fusion of villi were not decreased as compared with control group. 9. WBC, PLT were increased in KSMT treated group as compared with control group after exposure to radiation by linear accelerator, but the increasing effect was not significant. Above results suggest that KSMT may be useful in prevention of cancer metastasis and protection from damage by radiotherapy. But the further study of KSMT would be demanded.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2020

Xerostomia is a relatively common oral disease that causes various problems such as pain, discomforted, tissue damage, and infection. When the activity of AQPs, which plays an important role in the microbial channel transmembrane activity in tissues, decreases saliva secretion and the oral cavity dryness occurs. In this study, we observed whether there was a change in tissue through the expression level of AQP-5 in the submandibular gland in the 4-DAMP-induced xerostomia model. First, in order to construct a xerostomia model, 4-DAMP (1 mg/kg) and 20% urethane (0.5 mL/kg) were administered intraperitoneal (i.p.) to experimental animals. To observe the changes in the submandibular gland was excised, H&E staining was performed and protein quantitation analysis was performed using the submandibular tissue to observe the changes in AQP5 protein expression involved in changes in saliva secretion. Also, cinnamaldehyde (5, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg) dissolved in 20% DMSO, in distilled water for each concentration, and then orally administered at a dose of 1 mL for biopsy and protein quantitative analysis. As a result, it was observed that the submandibular tissue, a model of xerostomia was wider than the naïve group. And then western blot analysis, the expression level of AQP5 decreased in the 4-DAMP group compared to the naïve group, and the expression increased in the group administered orally with cinnamaldehyde. Therefore, administration of 4-DAMP resulted in histological changes for xerostomia, and cinnamaldehyde would be a material that can be developed by reducing xerostomia.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.817-828
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• 1997

In order to investigate pharmacological properties of New Woohwangchungsimwon Pill (NWCH) and Woohwangchungsimwon Pill(WCH), effects of NWCH and WCH on cerebral ischemia and central nervous system were compared. Cerebral ischemia insult was performed using unilateral carotid artery occlusion in Mongolian gerbils. The histological observations showed preventive effect of NWCH and WCH treatments with ischemia-induced brain damage. The ATP in brain tissue was decreased in vehicle-treated ischemic gerbils. This decrease was prevented by NWCH and WCH treatment. In contrast to what was seen with ATP, the lactate and lipid peroxide were both elevated in vehicle-treated ischemic gerbils. This elevation was inhibited by NWCH and WCH treatments. In central nervous system, NWCH and WCH had sedative effect in rotarod and spontaneous activity test, but no effects on the hexobarbital-induced sleeping time. And, NWCH and WCH had weak anticonvulsion effects in electric shock- and pentetrazol-induced convulsion test. NWCH and WCH increased the respiration rate, but decreased the respiration depth in rats. Furthermore, NWCH and WCH showed antistress effect. Our findings suggest that the pharmacological profiles of NWCH on cerebral ischemia and central nervous system are similar to that of WCH.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2015

Objectives : Alcohol-related liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present study was undertaken to determine whether Ganoderma lucidum pharmacopuncture(GLP) could protect against chronic liver injury induced by ethanol intoxication in rats. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: normal, control, normal saline pharmacopuncture(NP), and GLP, with 8 animals in each. Each group, except normal, received ethanol orally. The NP and GLP groups were treated daily with NP and GLP respectively. The control group was not treated. All rats except the normal group were intoxicated for 4 weeks by oral administration of EtOH(6 g/kg BW). Two acupuncture points were used: Qimen($LR_{14}$) and Taechung($LR_3$). Body weight, histopathological analysis, liver function, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and immunohistochemistry were assessed. Results : GLP reduced the histological changes due to chronic liver injury induced by EtOH and significantly reduced the increase in the alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) enzymes. It significantly reversed the superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the catalase activities(CAT). It also significantly decreased BAX and increased Bcl-2 immunoreactivity expression. Conclusions : This study showed the protective efficacy of GLP against EtOH-induced chronic liver injury in SD rats by modulating ethanol metabolizing enzymes activity, attenuating oxidative stress, and inhibiting mitochondrial damage-mediated apoptosis.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2011

Purpose: The goal of this research is to find the role of collagen membrane, which can reduce physical damage, as a scaffold for possible alternative to the corticotomy which causes Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon (RAP). Materials and Methods: The experiments were carried out on 12 New Zealand white rabbits, approximately 3.5 kg in bodyweight. We made an incision on the skin of the mandibular border and applied 37% phosphoric acid and collagen membrane to the mandibular bone surface of the first group (experimental group), and only phosphoric acid to the second group (control group). After 3 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks, 4 rabbits each were sacrificed and specimens were obtained. Each specimen was stained by H&E and Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and histological changes were observed by light microscope. Results: The demineralization of the experimental group was weak compared to the control group. It also showed a gradual increase of demineralization (after 3 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks) and the control group showed more extensive demineralization than the experimental group. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the amount of demineralization as a result of using phosphoric acid, and as time went by, demineralization increased. The absorbable collagen membrane was used as a scaffold to increase bone demineralization effect and prevent dispersion to adjacent tissues, but rather the amount of bone demineralization decreased. Therefore, the role of collagen membrane as a scaffold for RAP was weak.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.316-325
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• 2017

Background: Ginseng essence (GE) is a formulation comprising four medicinal and edible herbs including ginseng (Panax ginseng), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera), and lily bulb (Lilium longiflorum). This study was aimed at investigating the hepatoprotective effect of GE against carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver injury in rats. Methods: We treated Wistar rats daily with low, medium, and high [0.625 g/kg body weight (bw), 1.25 g/kg bw, and 3.125 g/kg bw, respectively] doses of GE for 9 wk. After the 1st wk of treatment, rats were administered 20% $CCl_4$ (1.5 mL/kg bw) two times a week to induce liver damage until the treatment ended. Results: Serum biochemical analysis indicated that GE ameliorated the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and albumin decline in $CCl_4$-treated rats. Moreover, $CCl_4$-induced accumulation of hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride was inhibited. The hepatoprotective effects of GE involved enhancing the hepatic antioxidant defense system including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. In addition, histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining showed that GE inhibited $CCl_4$-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of alpha-smooth muscle actin indicated that $CCl_4$-triggered activation of hepatic stellate cells was reduced. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that GE improves $CCl_4$-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis by attenuating oxidative stress. Therefore, GE could be a promising hepatoprotective herbal formulation for future development of phytotherapy.