• Computers and Concrete
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2023

This work utilizes simplified higher-order shear deformation beam theory (HSDBT) to investigate the vibration response for functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (CNTRC) beam. Novel to this work, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are distributed and aligned in a matrix of polymer throughout the beam, resting on a viscoelastic foundation. Four un-similar patterns of reinforcement distribution functions are investigated for the CNTRC beam. Porosity is another consideration taken into account due to its significant effect on functionally graded materials (FGMs) properties. Three types of uneven porosity distributions are studied in this study. The damping coefficient and Winkler's and Pasternak's parameters are considered in investigating the viscosity effect on the foundation. Moreover, the impact of different parameters on the vibration of the CNTRC beam supported by a viscoelastic foundation is discussed. A comparison to other works is made to validate numerical results in addition to analytical discussions. The findings indicate that incorporating a damping coefficient can improve the vibration performance, especially when the spring constant factors are raised. Additionally, it has been noted that the fundamental frequency of a beam increases as the porosity coefficient increases, indicating that porosity may have a significant impact on the vibrational characteristics of beams.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.46-49
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• 2003

Cu have been widely used as signal transmission materials for electrical electronic components owing to its high electrical conductivity. However, it's size have been limited to small ones due to its poor mechanical properties, Until now, strengthening of the copper at toy was obtained either by the solid solution and precipitation hardening by adding alloy elements or the work hardening by deformation process. Adding the at toy elements lead to reduction of electrical conductivity. In this aspect, if carbon nanofiber is used as reinforcement which have outstanding mechanical strength and electric conductivity, it is possible to develope Cu matrix nanocomposite having almost no loss of electric conductivity. It is expected to be innovative in electric conduct ing material market. The unidirectional alignment of carbon nanofiber is the most challenging task developing the copper matrix composites of high strength and electric conductivity In this study, the unidirectional alignment of carbon nanofibers which is used reinforced material are controlled by drawing process in order to manufacture the intermediary materials for the carbon nanofiber reinforced Cu matrix nanocomposite and align mechanism as well as optimized drawing process parameters are verified via experiments and numerical analysis. The materials used in this study were pure copper and the nanofibers of 150nm in diameter and of $10~20\mu\textrm{m}$ In length. The materials have been tested and the tensile strength was 75MPa with the elongation of 44% for the copper it is assumed that carbon nanofiber behave like porous elasto-plastic materials. Compaction test was conducted to obtain constitutive properties of carbon nanofiber. Optimal parameter for drawing process was obtained by experiments and numerical analysis considering the various drawing angles, reduction areas, friction coefficient, etc Lower reduction areas provides the less rupture of cu tube is not iced during the drawing process. Optimal die angle was between 5 degree and 12 degree. Relative density of carbon nanofiber embedded in the copper tube is higher as drawing diameter decrease and compressive residual stress is occurred in the copper tube. Carbon nanofibers are moved to the reverse drawing direct ion via shear force caused by deformation of the copper tube and alined to the drawing direction.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2024

Upon direct/indirect exposure to flame or heat, composite structures may burn or thermally buckle. This issue becomes more important in the natural fiber-based composite structures with higher flammability and lower mechanical properties. The main goal of the present study was to obtain an optimal eco-friendly composite system with low flammability and high thermal buckling resistance. The studied composite consisted of polypropylene (PP) and short abaca fiber (AF) with eggshell powder (ESP) and halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) additives. An optimal base composite, consisting of 30 wt.% AF and 70 wt.% PP, abbreviated as OAP, was initially introduced based on burning rate (BR) and the Young's modulus determined by horizontal burning test (HBT) and tensile test, respectively. The effects of adding ESP to the base composite were then investigated with the same experimental tests. The results indicated that though the BR significantly decreased with the increase of ESP content up to 6 wt.%, it had a very destructive influence on the stiffness of the composite. To compensate for the damaging effect of ESP, small amount of HNT was used. The performance of OAP composite with 6 wt.% ESP and 3 wt.% HNT (OAPEH) was explored by conducting HBT, cone calorimeter test (CCT) and tensile test. The experimental results indicated a 9~23 % reduction in almost all flammability parameters such as heat release rate (HRR), total heat released (THR), maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE), total smoke released (TSR), total smoke production (TSP), and mass loss (ML) during combustion. Furthermore, the combination of 6 wt.% ESP and 3 wt.% HNT reduced the stiffness of OAP to an insignificant amount by maximum 3%. Moreover, the char residue analysis revealed the distinct differences in the formation of char between AF/PP and AF/PP/ESP/HNT composites. Afterward, dilatometry test was carried out to examine the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of OAP and OAPEH samples. The obtained results showed that the CTE of OAPEH composite was about 18% less than that of OAP. Finally, a theoretical model was used based on first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) to predict the critical bucking temperatures of the OAP and OAPEH composite plates. It was shown that in the absence of mechanical load, the critical buckling temperatures of OAPEH composite plates were higher than those of OAP composites, such that the difference between the buckling temperatures increased with the increase of thickness. On the contrary, the positive effect of CTE reduction on the buckling temperature decreased by raising the axial compressive mechanical load on the composite plates which can be assigned to the reduction of stiffness after the incorporation of ESP. The results of present study generally stated that a suitable combination of AF, PP, ESP, and HNT can result in a relatively optimal and environmentally friendly composite with proper flame and thermal buckling resistance with no significant decline in the stiffness.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2008

오염물질로 오염된 퇴적점토의 강도, 변형 및 투수특성 변화를 파악하기 위하여 NaCl 수용액과 매립장 침출수를 시료의 간극수(포화수)로 교체하여 삼축압축시험과 압밀시험을 수행하였다. 또한, 채취된 점토시료의 화학적 특성을 규명하기 위하여 주사전자현미경(SEM) 관찰과 에너지분산분광(EDX) 분석이 수반된다. 화학성분 분석결과 O, C, Si, Al, Fe 크기 순의 구성비가 얻어졌으며, 삼축압축시험 및 압밀시험결과는 NaCl의 농도가 증가할수록 극한응력(강도)은 증가하고 압축성과 투수성이 커지는 경향을 보이는데, 이는 전해질의 농도가 증가할수록 확산이중층(DDL)의 두께가 감소되어 면모화되기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 점토 차수재를 투과한 침출수가 지하수 오염에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 MT3D 해석모델이 이용되었으며, 지하수 오염거동 해석결과 초기 염소이온 농도가 클수록 측정농도도 커지며, 시간경과에 따라 지하수 오염농도는 비선형적으로 증가되었다. 지하수 오염농도 감쇄 관계식을 유도하여 지하수 오염 이동거리를 예측한 결과, 초기농도가 클수록 지하수 오염 이동거리도 크게 나타났다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.86-100
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• 1985

불포화상태(不飽和狀態)에서의 화강암질풍화토(花崗岩質風化土)의 강도특성(强度特性)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 5종류(種類)의 화강암질풍화토(花崗岩質風化土)와 1종류(種類)의 보통(普通)흙(사질(砂質)롬)을 택(擇)하여 불교란시료(不攪亂試料) 및 교란시료(攪亂試料)를 채취(採取)하여 삼축압축시험(三軸壓縮試驗)을 한 결과(結果)를 요약(要略)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 자연상태(自然狀態)에서의 건조밀도(乾操密度)는 다짐 시험(試驗)에서 구(求)한 최대건조밀도(最大乾操密度)보다 작은 값을 나타냈고 입도배합(粒度配合)이 양호(良好)한 흙에서 건조밀도(乾操密度)는 큰값을 나타냈다. 2. 함수비(含水比)의 증가(增加)에 따라 파괴강도(破壞强度)는 감소(減少)하였고 이 현상(現象)은 점착력(粘着力)이 큰 보통(普通)흙에서 더욱 현저하게 나타났다. 3. 화강암질풍화토(花崗岩質風化土)의 강도정수중(强度定數中) 점착력(粘着力)은 작고 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)은 컸으며 함수비(含水比)의 증가(增加)에 따라 점착력(粘着力)보다 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)에서 감소현상(減少現象)이 크게 나타났다. 4. 변형계수(變形係數)는 함수비(含水比)의 증가(增加)에 따라서 감소(減少)하였고 이 현상(現象)은 화강암질풍화토(花崗岩質風化土)보다 보통(普通)흙에서 더욱 크게 나타났다. 5. 파괴강도(破壞强度)는 액압(液壓)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 증가(增加)하였고 이 현상(現象)은 저함수비(低含水比)에서 더욱 현저하게 나타났다.