• Wind and Structures
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.269-285
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• 2007

This paper assesses the damage to high-set rectangular-plan houses with low-pitch gable roofs (built in the 1960 and 70s in the northern parts of Australia) to wind speeds experienced in tropical cyclones. The study estimates the likely failure mode and percentage of failure for a representative proportion of houses with increasing wind speed. Structural reliability concepts are used to determine the levels of damage. The wind load and the component connection strengths are treated as random variables with log-normal distributions. These variables are derived from experiments, structural analysis, damage investigations and experience. This study also incorporates progressive failures and considers the inter-dependency between the structural components in the house, when estimating the types and percentages of the overall failures in the population of these houses. The progressively increasing percentage of houses being subjected to high internal pressures resulting from damage to the envelope is considered. Results from this study also compare favourably with levels of damage and related modes of failure for high-set houses observed in post-cyclone damage surveys.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 2010

The study set up the models of a general standard apartment house and a super high-rise standard apartment house, which were based on the 5 floor plans of the assessment reference houses of the "green homes" provided by the government; such main construction materials as to account for more than 80% of the entire amount of $CO_2$ emission in a construction work were selected; a database was built up for evaluating the environmental loads of the main materials according to the house types that were different from each other in area, block type, combination of living units or floor; and using the database, an attempt was made to develop the technology to assess $CO_2$ emission from the production of construction materials used in the stage of construction.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2015

High temperature stress in summer season at plastic house is a limiting factor for tomato fruit set and yield. This study was performed to assess the effects of gibberellic acid ($GA_3$) and 2,4-Dichlophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) spray on fruit set, yield, and quality of tomato cv. 'Adoration'(Enza Zaden Co., Ltd.) under the plastic house in Hwacheon, 2011. Four concentrations (0-, 5-, 10- and $15mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) of $GA_3$, and three concentrations (0-, 5- and $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) 2,4-D were sprayed in early flowering of tomato in the plastic house, and fruit set, yield and quality characters were observed. The results showed that spray of $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ significantly increased the fruit set by 14.2% than unsprayed. The spray of $GA_3$ significantly increased the marketable fruit number, fruit weight, and yield. The spray of 2,4-D on blossoms significantly affected the fruit set percentage, fruit weight, marketable fruit weight and yield, and the highest fruit set observed as 62.5% in combined spray of $GA_3$ and 2,4-D at each $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Fruit size and total soluble solids significantly varied with the concentrations of $GA_3$ sprayed. The result indicates that the spray of $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ and $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 2,4-D can be more economic and effective to increase the fruit set, and yield in tomato under high temperature condition in plastic house.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.223-228
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• 2005

This study examined and analyzed locational conditions of apartment houses in regional small cities to provide basic materials to set direction and index of view management of apartment house and thus the results of the study are as follows. 1. The number of story of apartment houses 'below five story' was 48% and area of apartment house was 'over 500m$^2$ and below 1000m$^2$' in 31% of the whole regions. 2. As a result of analyzing correlations with changes of floor of apartment house by construction year, apartment houses below 10 story were mainly built between 1991 and 1995 and high-storied apartment houses over 11 story were mainly built since 1995 and apartment houses over 21 story were built since 2000 and these high-storied apartment houses were main cause of hindering view of small cities. Accordingly, establishment of guideline of building high-storied apartment house which can be a primary obstacle of urban view and regulations of height are needed.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.123-131
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• 2006

This study examined types and color conditions of street views through relationship of high-storied apartment house to street components which has great visual influence on urban street view and requires harmony with street environment as background factor and conducted positive experiment with high-storied apartment houses located at housing site development districts in Gwangju Metropolitan City since 1990s in order to set applicable color ranges in designing external colors of high-storied apartment houses which became background of street view by types. Consequently, in image changes of four factors of main colors in classified street types, P, RP, R and YR colors showed high average values in naturalness, harmony and unity and GY, G, BG and B colors showed dichotomy with low average value, but image of personality showed generally low average value. RP, R and YR colors showed higher adaptability and GY, G and BG colors showed lower adaptability. It was confirmed that according to adaptability of main colors used in high-storied apartment houses by street types, there was difference of appropriate color range in street components and external colors of high-storied apartment houses by street types.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.33-40
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• 2020

The main aim of the study is to test a house pricing model by combining hedonic and asset-based pricing models. An understanding of the relationship between house pricing and its return (the rental income) helps to establish houses as a significant asset class. The model tested the relationship between house pricing (dependent variable) and the house attributes (independent variables) derived from Freeman's framework of housing attributes. This study uses a large data-set of 1,899 sample of new, high-end houses purchased between 2016 and 2019 collected from the national capital region of India (Delhi-NCR). The algorithm was built in R-Script, and stepwise multiple linear regression was used to analyze the model. The analysis of the model proves that the three significant variables, namely, carpet area, pay-off, and annual maintenance charges explain the price function. Further, the model is statistically fit. The major contribution of the study is to understand the key factors and their influence on the house pricing. The model will be helpful in risk assessment in the housing investment and enhance the chances of investment. Policy-makers can use information about the underlying valuation drivers of the house prices to stabilize the market and also in framing the tax policies.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.27-33
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• 2021

Reclaimed land was mainly used as agricultural land for rice production. As a higher value-added business in the agriculture has recently been activated, green houses are being constructed. In case of green house construction on the reclaimed land, it is generally soft ground with high soil water content, so it is important to design the foundation for greenhouse construction. The object of this study, a pull-out test was conducted to derive the base line data of the wooden pile foundation when constructing a green house. To reproduce the actual site, 30% of soil saturation and 70% of soil saturation were created in the soil box. Groove number and depth were set as design factors of the wooden pile, and a pull-out test was conducted. As a result of the test, pull resistance increased as the number of grooves increased, pull-out resistance according to groove depth was different according to soil saturation. Also, after the experiment, we want to compare the set-up effects over time.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

Global warming is happening now and inevitable. Everyone knows that immediate action should be taken to slow it down, but uncertain about the effective solution. Despite global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, sea levels are rising gradually. In 2013, Cornell University announced the Climate Action Plan(CAP) to make the campus greener, to reduce waste, and to ensure efficient use of resources. In particular, they set a goal of reducing energy use by 2050 and making carbon emissions to zero. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyse the case of the master plan of Cornell Tech campus and its major buildings. Mainly, The House, faculty and student housing of Cornell Tech and the world tallest certified passive house, will be the main precedent that shows the architectural planning of passive house. Passive house technology, which was thought to be possible only in single-family houses, can be applied to high-rise buildings. If any passive house technology of The House project is actively introduced into the dormitory projects of domestic universities that are about to be built or renovated, it will be a good opportunity for the university to take the lead in preparing for global warming.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.16-26
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• 2012

The consultation with building energy experts working at domestic government-funded research institutes and enterprises on performance set, element technology, and policy for the realization of low-energy and the survey with construction workers on the relevance of climate change in building construction, government support policy, and methodologies for the construction of low-energy house were carried in the study. In addition the public element preference survey on the low-energy house and awareness research on the low-carbonization of building were carried and presented for the development of affordable low-energy house. There was a big difference in the recognition of building energy performance setting and setting for the construction cost to realize it between experts and ordinary citizens in the study. To fill this gap education and promotion of zero energy house and securing economic feasibility through the commercialization of element technology will be needed. The satisfaction in government's zero energy house policy was normally low. To improve this low satisfaction administrative and technical support are considered to be expanded. Common high cost of construction was the top priority to resolve the problem, and enhancing renewable energy grants, tax relief, and substantial cost support could be as detailed solutions.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.484-487
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• 2006

Today, the age of high oil prices is continued, due to the energy demand is on the increase and human principlal energy sorce, fossil fuel. As an alternative plan of energy saving, co-generation system that produces power and thermal energy at the same time has actively developed. In 1960s, co-generation system was introduced to Korea and since 2000 it has diffused throughout the apartment house. Therefore, objectives of this study are to analyze the energy reduction effects in the region 4 apartment houses of Daegu and Kyungbuk regionand set up a plan for its expansion in the future.