• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.40
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• pp.325-355
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• 2007

A national funeral was a ceremony for king symbolizing a country in Joseon. The Gukjangdogam had three practical affairs: ibang and ibang, sambag. Each practial affairs was ready for various implement and finished a national funeral very well. So various important. The Daeyeo and the Gyeonyeo which carried directly the dead from a palace to a burial in the national funeral was a chief implements to handle with careful. All people had to carry heartily him as a Daehaewang which means a previous king. But three practical affairs belonging to the Gukjangdogam made various implements directly or indirectly related in a Daehaengwang and symbolized has authority. They were related in succeeding to the throne. The departure of a funeral in Joseon was a space and a time to appear his authority. The Gukjangdogam progressed it like going in and out the palace in the life. We knew it was ready for the departure of a funeral equalizing to the life and the death. The Gukjangdogam made the best of various implements using in going in and out the palace in the departure. We saw the Confucian view about living and dying through the implements used in the departure. The Gukjangdogam assembled many technicians around the country. They had to make various implements as high-level technicians at certain hour under the supervision of officials. The Gukjangdogam payed and compensated for their labors. There is an indissoluble connection between them. The technicians belonging to three practical affairs were ready for the implements for a national funeral: newly-made and repair, existed-implements use etc. So a national funeral can be called 'the feast of techniques' as well as complexity of techniques' in the Joseon.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.782-798
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• 1996

This study was a survey done for the purpose of constructing a nursing theory according to Korean culture and to identify the traditional Korean view of humans and the expectations of the sick role, and to confirm changes from the traditional view of humans and expectations of the sick role according to general characteristics of the population. The subjects were all adults over 18 years old. 517 who lived in six large cities and 191 who lived in five rural communities. Data collection was done from November 19th, 1994 to January 19th, 1995 using a tool to measure the traditional view of humans and expectations of the sick role which was developed by the investigator through a literature review. Collected data were analyzed using frequency, percent, Cronbach alpha, 1-test, F-test and Scheffe post hoc contrasts, with the SAS program. The results of this study are summerized as follows : 1. The Traditional view of human score for all subject was 49.92, which shows that Korean traditional view of human is moderate. High scored items were "human need to live by making harmony with nature, not by overcoming the nature" (3.44), "Filial duty to parents and elders is important" (3.31), "Think of family more than a individual" (2.96). 2. The differences in the traditional view of humans between residential districts showed that the residents of Chungbuk(56.00), Kyungbuk(55.26), Chonbuk(51.32), Taegu(50.59) had a more traditional view of humans than those in Pusan(45.42) and Seoul (47.27). 3. The differences in the traditional view of humans according to general characteristics showed that rural community residents, males, older people, people with lower levels of education, married and house-resident groups had a significantly higher traditional view of humans than urban residents, females, younger people, people with a higher levels of education, single and apartment-resident groups. There were differences according to religion and job. Buddhism had a higher traditional view of humans than those of atheism, Christianity and Catholicism and physical workers, a significantly highers score, than technicians and professional workers. 4. Daily expected task performance during illnesses was lowest for patients with stroke (2.16) and psychosis(2.40), in which case almost no daily general tasks were expected, followed by arthritis 4.06, peptic ulcer 4.79, headache 4.99 and cough 5.58. The amount of expected role exemption during illnesses was also highest for stroke(2.25), followed by psychosis(2.08), arthritis(1.64), peptic ulcer(1.29), headache(1.16) and cough(1.09). The amount of daily task performance in the acute stage(3.05) was significantly lower than that of convalescent stage(4.95). 5. Total expectation of role exemption according to general characteristics showed that there was no significant differences in urban /rural community, marriage, level of education and religion. By sex, women showed higher expectation of role exemption during illnesses than men. By age, the 31-40 year old group showed lower expectation of role exemption than the 41-50 year old group or over the 61 year old group.or over the 61 year old group.