• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.636-640
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• 1990

For a studyon the production of ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid(GLA) by fungi 3 fungal strains were isolated from soil. Their cell growth lipid content and fatty acid composition were compared in shake flask culture. Among these fungi the fungus designated as FA-007 has high lipid content(21.1%) and GLA content(15.6% of total fatty acids) The fungal strain FA-007 was tentatively identified as Mucor sp. on the basis of morphological characteristics, Fungal oil produced by this fungus was composed of 75.2% neutral lipid 5.3% glycolipid and 19.5% phospholipid. Although the GLA content in phospholipid was higher than it in neutral lipid the GLA content in neurtal lipid was high as 15.5%.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.326-334
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• 1994

This paper describes the fabrication of the hydrophilic magnetic fluid with high viscosity and its application to oil seal apparatus used with the Nd-permanent magnet. The results are as follows. 1) The ultrafine magnetite particles under the size of $100\;{\AA}$ are first coated by the oleic acid ion and again adsorbed by the hydrophilic D. B. S. ion, and there by hydrophilic magnetic fluid with high viscosity could be made by dispersing them into the ethylene glycol. 2) In development of the oil seal apparatus using magnetic fluid and Nd-permanent magnet, the viscosity and magnetic susceptibility show high when the $Fe_{3}O_{4}$ content is over 50%(g/cc) in the fluid, so that such properties could improve highly the capability of oil seal. 3) The maximum of the resisting pressure of the oil seal using the ethylene glycol base magnetic fluid and the Nd-permanent magnet, is about $50\;g/\textrm{cm}^2$, under the condition of this experiment. Therefore the oil seal may not be suitable for the ship engine and the driving part of the automobile, and thus it needs a lot further complementary reserch. However, it is quite favourable for such an oil seal apparatus as speed reducer under the condition of atmospheric pressure.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 2008

This study was performed to verify the effects of encapsulation against oil oxidation. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of samples were compared during storage at $60^{\circ}C$, indicating that the encapsulated avocado oil had lower TBA values than the free avocado oil. Microcapsules consisting of a whey protein isolate (WPI)-only wall system had slightly improved oxidative stability; however, spray-dried particles containing a high proportion of maltodextrin (MD) clearly offered better protection from oxidation than the other forms of encapsulation. The chlorophyll (Chl) content of the encapsulated avocado oil was higher than that of the free oil sample. When compared to the control, all wall systems protected the change of the chlorophyll content storage. No large differences were observed between the encapsulated powders according to the various wall materials. The color of the encapsulated oil changed from green to yellowish-green, indicating the formation of pheophytin from chlorophyll. The yellowish color of the oil correlated with a reduced total Chl content. In conclusion, encapsulation with spray drying for avocado oil could lead to improved stability during storage with respect to oxidation and the preservation of chlorophyll.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.131-140
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• 2012

In this study, using the governing equation for thermohydrodyamic lubrication involving the homogeneous mixture of incompressible fluid derived by based on the principle of continuum mechanics, it is discussed the effects of water within engine oil on the performance of high speed journal bearing of a turbocharger. The governing equations are the general equations being able to be applied on the mixture of Newtonian fluid and non- Newtonian fluid. Here, the fluid viscosity index, n of power-law non-Newtonian fluid is supposed to be 1 for the application of the journal bearing in a turbocharger lubricated with the mixture of two Newtonian fluid, for example, water within engine oil. The results related with the bearing performance are shown that the bearing friction is to decrease and the side leakage and bearing load increase as increasing the water content in an engine oil.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.145-149
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• 1980

To study the rancidity of dried yellow carlbina oil by oxidation during the storage period general properties of the oil and composition of its fatty acid were analysed quantitatively with gas chromatography The results indicated that I) The dried yellow carbina oil was involved in drying oil of high degree of unsaturation with IV 138 and consisted of higher-fatty acid with SV 194. 2) The composition of the fatty acids were composed of 18 fatty acids involving 6 unknown fatty acids and comprised poly-unsaturated fatty acid with $C_{18}^{:3}\:and\:C_{22}^{:5}$ 3) After three morths storage of dried yellow carbina the content of malonaldehyde was about 12mg/kg in its exterior part, but 6mg/kg in interior part, which indicateing that the degree of rancidity of poly unsaturated glycerides in exterior part of carbina were two times as much as that of interior part.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.91-98
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• 2000

The fuels of water-in-oil emulsion have a potential of reducing PM(Particulate Matter) and NOx emissions, and increassing combustion efficiency in the furnaces and the burners. For making the most of the beneficial of the secondary atomization due to the microexplosion, the water droplets distributed in the oil must have the optimal sizes. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the water droplet size distribution characteristics of the different types of the static mixers. For analysing the size distribution characteristics efficiently, image analysis system was constructed and an appropriate image processing algorithm was developed. Two kinds of static mixers: Kenics type and RF type, were tested. As a results, RF type static mixer shows a better characteristics in the mean drop sizes, particularly in the condition of high water content.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.904-911
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• 2001

The fuels of water-in-oil emulsion have a potential of reducing PM(Particulate Matter) and NOx emissions, and increasing combustion efficiency in the furnaces and the burners. For making the most of the beneficial of the secondary atomization due to the microexplosion, the water droplets distributed in the oil must have the optimal sizes. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the water droplet size distribution characteristics of the different types of the static mixers. For analysis the size distribution characteristics efficiently, image analysis system wes constructed and an appropriate image processing algorithm was developed. Two kinds of static mixers: Kenics type and RF type, were tested. As a results, RF type static mixer shows a better characteristics in the mean drop size, particularly in the condition of high water content.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.435-447
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• 2021

Purpose: Body adiposity is negatively correlated with hepatic iron status, and Korean pine nut oil (PNO) has been reported to reduce adiposity. Therefore, we aimed to study the effects of PNO on adiposity, hepatic mineral status, and the expression of genes and proteins involved in iron absorption. Methods: Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet containing 10% kcal from PNO (PC) or soybean oil (SBO; SC), or a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 35% kcal from lard and 10% kcal from PNO (PHFD) or SBO (SHFD). Hepatic iron, copper, and zinc content; and expression of genes and proteins related to iron absorption were measured. Results: HFD-fed mice had a higher white fat mass (2-fold; p < 0.001), lower hepatic iron content (25% lower; p < 0.001), and lower hepatic Hamp (p = 0.028) and duodenal Dcytb mRNA levels (p = 0.037) compared to the control diet-fed mice. Hepatic iron status was negatively correlated with body weight (r = -0.607, p < 0.001) and white fat mass (r = -0.745, p < 0.001). Although the PHFD group gained less body weight (18% less; p < 0.05) and white fat mass (18% less; p < 0.05) than the SHFD group, the hepatic iron status impaired by the HFD feeding did not improve. The expression of hepatic and duodenal ferroportin protein was not affected by the fat amount or the oil type. PNO-fed mice had significantly lower Slc11a2 (p = 0.022) and Slc40a1 expression (p = 0.027) compared to SBO-fed mice. However, the PC group had a higher Heph expression than the SC group (p < 0.05). The hepatic copper and zinc content did not differ between the four diet groups, but hepatic copper content adjusted by body weight was significantly lower in the HFD-fed mice compared to the control diet-fed mice. Conclusion: HFD-induced obesity decreased hepatic iron storage by affecting the regulation of genes related to iron absorption; however, the 18% less white fat mass in the PHFD group was not enough to improve the iron status compared to the SHFD group. The hepatic copper and zinc status was not altered by the fat amount or the oil type.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to determine antioxidant effect of ether and ethylacetate fractions of 70% ethanol extract of some food (acid treated or not) on perilla oil. Each fraction of food extract was added to perilla oil and stored for 0,3,6.9,11 days at 60$^{\circ}C$. Then, the peroxide value (POV) of perilla oil samples were analyzed. Perilla oil contained ${\gamma}$-tocopherol 0.6800 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 0.3189 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mg. $\delta$-tocopherol 0.0463 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, but it was easily oxidized due to high linolenic acid content. To increase yield of ether and ethylacetate fractions from each food extract, the 70% ethanol extract was treated with 0.2% H$_2$SO$_4$ and fractionized by ether and ethylacetate. Among ether and ethylacetate fractions of 70% ethanol extracts of some food, the yield of ethylacetate fraction of acid treated Pueraria thunbergiana extract was 5 times more than that of ethylacetate fraction untreated with acid. Perilla oil which added 100 ppm ethylacetate fraction of acid treated Pueraria thunbergianan extract showed low POV (44.8 meq/kg) compared to POV (80.0 meq/kg) of control.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.spc1
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• pp.110-122
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• 1996

The n-3 family fatty acids containing ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid(18:3, ALA) have been known as physiological activation materials such as inhibitory effects on the incidence of hyper-tension, coronary heart disease and cancers as well as the control of senilc dementia. Although a lot of ALA(about $63\%$) are contained in perilla oil, it has not been commercialized yet because the purification technique of the ALA has not been well established. The procedure of purification of ALA from perilla oil was saponified with 1 N-KOH /ethanol and then saturated and low level unsaturated fatty acids were removed by low-temperature crystallization method. The concentrated unsaturated fatty acids (containing about $75\%$ ALA) went down through the silver nitrate-impregnated silica column chromatography for separation of high purity of ALA. The results obtained we Fraction B, C and D contained ALA more than $85.5\%$(recovery, >$88.9\%,\;95.4\%$(recovery, >$54.4\%$) and $99.9\%$(recovery, >$31.5\%$) in purity, respectively. Seed oil content of the tested varieties were ranged from 34.8 to $54.1\%$ with $45.3\%$ of varietal means. The major omega fatty acids contained in the oil were oleic acid(n-9) $15.2\%$, linoleic acid(n-6) $13.9\%$ and linolenic acid(n-3) $63.1\%$ in the mean value. Varietal variation of n-9, 6 and 3 fatty acids ranged of $9.5\~21.4\%,\;9.1\~20.4\%$ and $50.6\~70.5\%$ respectively. Unsaturated fatty acid were averaged $92.2\%$ of seed oil in fatty acid composition. The ratios of n-6 to n-3 ranged of $0.13\~0.34\%$($0.22\%$ in mean value). The highest n-3 fatty acid variety was Yecheonjong being $70.5\%$. The lowest variety in ratios of n-6 to n-3 was Goseongjong being $0.13\%$. Oil content showed positive correlation with stearic acid and linolenic acid, while the negative correlation with oil content and linoleic acid. On the other hand, A significant negative correlation were showed between linolnic acid and the ratios n-6/n-3 fatty acid, saturated fatty acid. Saturated fatty acid was highly correlated with unsaturated fatty acid negatively being $r= -0.723^{**}$.