• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2022

본 연구는 고욤나무 열매 분말의 활용도를 높여 천연 기능성 식품의 재료로써 사용이 가능한지를 영양학적으로 판단하기 위해 실시하였다. 고욤나무 열매 분말의 IDL 단계에서는 산도가 높았으며, MDL 단계에서는 당도가 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 조지방, 셀레늄 및 타닌 함량은 고욤나무 열매 분말의 IDL 단계에서 MDL 단계로 갈수록 유의적으로 감소하였으나, 마그네슘과 칼슘 함량의 경우 IDL 단계보다 MDL 단계에서 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). IDL 단계에서 총 페놀 함량이 유의적으로 높았으나, DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 MDL 단계에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 아질산염 소거능과 타닌 함량은 IDL 단계에서 높았다. 본 연구를 종합해 볼 때, 고욤나무 열매는 각 성장 시기별로 영양학적 특성을 가지므로, 이를 고려하여 고욤나무 열매를 분말화하여 다양한 기능성 식품의 원료로서 활용한다면, 좋은 먹거리 제공 식품으로서 활용도를 높일 것으로 판단된다.

• 환경생물
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2012

2010년 진해만의 춘계와 하계를 중심으로 환경요인 변화와 식물플랑크톤의 군집구조의 상관관계에 대한 생태학적 연구를 수행하였다. 식물플랑크톤의 생물량과 환경요인과의 상관관계를 조사하기 위해 수행한 다중상관분석과 CCA (Canonical Correspondance Analysis) 결과, 하계에 우점한 Chaetoceros spp., Skeletonema costatumlike spp., Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima는 생물량 변화에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인을 선정할 수는 없었다. 반면, 춘계의 Cryptomonas spp.와 Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata 는 질산염과의 양(+)의 상관관계(p<0.05)가 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 하계에 나타난 식물플랑크톤과 환경요인간의 유의한 양 (+) 상관관계가 나타나지 않는 것은 강우에 의해 유입된 탁도 물질등에 의한 저층의 광합성 활성의 저하와 우점종의 구성과 생물량 차이에 의해 나타난 결과로 판단되었다. 또한 환경에 적응한 우점종의 분포특성은 진해만 광역해역을 부분적으로 구분할 수 있는 생물학적 요인으로 판단되었다. 결과적으로 식물플랑크톤과 환경요인과의 상관관계는 주요 우점종의 분포와 관련이 있었고, 특히 성층화된 하계에 우점한 식물플랑크톤 분포는 해역 구분에 중요한 인자로 활용 될 수 있었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.422-433
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• 2022

Objective: Two follow-up studies (exp. 1 and 2) were conducted to determine the effects of L-glutamine (L-Gln) supplementation on degradation and rumen fermentation characteristics in vitro. Methods: First, rumen liquor from three cannulated cows was used to test L-Gln (50 mM) degradation rate and ammonia-N production at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after incubation (exp. 1). Second, rumen liquor from two cannulated steers was used to assess the effects of five levels of L-Gln including 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after incubation on fermentation characteristics, gas production, and degradability of nutrients (exp. 2). Results: In exp. 1, L-Gln degradation rate and ammonia-N concentrations increased over time (p<0.001). In exp. 2, pH was reduced significantly as incubation time elapsed (p<0.001). Total gas production tended to increase in all groups as incubation time increased. Acetate and propionate tended to increase by increasing glutamine (Gln) levels, whereas levels of total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were the highest in 0.5% and 3% Gln groups (p<0.001). The branched-chain VFA showed both linear and quadratic effects showing the lowest values in the 1% Gln group particularly after 6 h incubation (p<0.001). L-Gln increased crude protein degradability (p<0.001), showing the highest degradability in the 0.5% Gln group regardless of incubation time (p<0.05). Degradability of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber showed a similar pattern showing the highest values in 0.5% Gln group (p<0.10). Conclusion: Although L-Gln showed no toxicity when it was supplemented at high dosages (2% to 3% of DM), 0.5% L-Gln demonstrated the positive effects on main factors including VFAs production in-vitro. The results of this study need to be verified in further in-vivo study.

• 생태와환경
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• 제36권3호통권104호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2003

The fertility of stream water in major streams of the Lake Shihwa Watershed was compared using water analyses and algal growth potential test (AGPT) in typical drought seasons from December 2001 to April 2002, The water quality varied considerably depending on streams. These streams were very rich in inorganic nutrients that the nutrient levels and characteristics of each stream could be easily determined. Through AGPT, 63.6% of growth was observed in the average values of each stream, with non-growth accounting for 36.4%. AGPT results showed that 40.9% of the 22 stations were in hypertrophic condition and 54.5% in eutrophic condition. AGPT values were significantly correlated with TIN, $NH_4$, and SRP (p <0.001); compared to other nutrients, however, they were more related to SRP and $NH_4$. Moreover, the values increased with high concentration of N and P and low N/P ratios. Nonetheless, the values were more dependent on P concentration than N concentration. This suggests that the effect of P on the water quality of lake situated in downstream may serve as a potential indicator of phytoplankton development. Depending on the drainage pattern of streams, the wastewaters of wastewater treatment plant (WwTP) and untreated wastewater (UTW) were found to have 53.4% and 46.6%, respevtively, of TIN, 51.9% and 48.1% of $NH_4$, 62.9% and 37.1% of $NO_3$, 62.6% and 37.4% of SRP, and 44.1% and 55.9% of SRSi. The AGPT value was 51.1% in WwTP wastewater and 48.9% in UTW wastewater, the concentration of WwTP wastewater was slightly higher. For untreated wastewaters flowing into the constructed wetland and into the lake, TIN accounts for 43.0% and 57.0%, respectively, of nitrogen components, $NH_4$ 44.4% and 55.6%, $NO_3$ 39.6% and 60.4%, SRP 53.5% and 46.5%, and SRSi 52.3% and 47.7%, respectively. The AGPT value was 58.0% in the constructed wetland and 42.0% in Lake Shihwa; the concentration in streams flowing into the wetland was slightly higher. Therefore, Persistent and large development of phytoplankton in Lake Shihwa cannot be prevented unless a measure tophytoplankton control is implemented. This is because the concentration of nutrients in specific streams flowing into the lake is very high, even though the inflow of water is low.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2009

NRC (2001)의 권장량만큼 건물섭취 및 영양소 공급량을 제한하였을 경우의 착유우의 영양소 섭취균형 및 생산성을 제한하지 않았을 경우와 비교 조사하였다. Basal TMR을 무제한 급여한 대조구와 제한 급여한 시험구의 유생산량은 각각 27.5 kg/일/두, 28.1 kg/일/두로 시험구가 높은 경향을 나타내었고, 4% FCM과 FPCM 생산량은 각각 28.0 kg/일/두, 27.8kg/일/두로 대조구의 26.1 kg/일/두, 26.4 kg/일/두 보다 높은 경향을 나타내었으나 통계적 유의차는 나타나지 않았다. 대조구의 실제 건물섭취량은 23.8 kg/일/두로 시험구의 22.7 kg/일/두 보다 많이 섭취하였고, 대조구의 실제 건물섭취량은 NRC (2001)의 건물섭취 권장량보다 많이 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.01). NRC (2001)로 추정한 대조구의 $NE_L$ 실제섭취량은 36.2 Mcal/일/두로 시험구의 34.9 Mcal/일/두 보다 높은 경향을 나타내었으며, NRC (2001)로 추정한 대조구와 시험구의 $NE_L$ 실제섭취량은 NRC (2001)의 $NE_L$ 섭취권장량 보다 모두 높게 나타났다(P<0.001). NRC (2001)로 추정한 대조구의 MP 실제섭취량은 2308 g/일/두로 시험구의 2224 g/일/두 보다 높은 경향을 나타내었으며, NRC (2001)로 추정한 대조구와 시험구의 MP 실제섭취량은 NRC(2001)의 MP 섭취권장량 보다 모두 높게 나타났으나 통계적 유의차는 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 본 실험의 결과에서 판단해 볼 때 농후사료 급여 비율이 높은 착유우에 있어서 건물섭취 및 영양소 섭취량을 무제한으로 허용하는 것은 오히려 사료의 이용효율을 감소시키는 것으로 예측되며, 따라서 유생산을 위한 영양소 이용 효율 역시 감소시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2001

The Ca and P balance studies were carried out with two different diets varying Ca levels : the current Korean RDA level(normal Ca diet) and the high level (High Ca diet) which was determined by adding 2SD to mean Ca intake of all subjects. The subjects were sever healthy adult woman, aged from 25 to 32 years old. The metabolic studies were conducted for two weeks with a days recess in between : during the fist week with normal Ca diet and during the second week with high Ca diet. The composition of nutrients excepting Ca of both diets was similar to subjects usual intake. The result were summarized as follows: Mean daily Ca intake was 728.8mg from norma Ca diet and 945.5mg from high Ca diet. Fecal excretion of Ca increased significantly(p<0.05) on high Ca diet, but urinary excretion of Ca did not show any differences between the two diet periods. There were also no significant differences in Ca retention between the two diet periods but it tended to be greater during high Ca diet period: 112.1mg/day during normal Ca diet period vs 208.2mg/day during high Ca diet period. Mean apparent Ca absorption was 41.2% on normal Ca diet and 42.1% on high Ca diet, indicating it was not affected by high Ca intake level used in this study. On the contrary, P retention was significantly increased up to 109.4mg/day with high Ca diet as compared to- 41mg/day with normal Ca diet. There were no significant differences in fecal and urinary excretion of P but those to be lower during high Ca diet period. The above results showed that higher Ca intake more than current RDA(700mg/day), in the level of 945.5mg/day, could increase Ca retention through Ca absorption comparable to the rate appeared on RDA level intake. P retention was also improved by high Ca intake. Therefore, higher Ca intake than the current RDA level seemed to produce favorable effects on bone health in adult women. However, the current RDA level seemed to be relatively appropriate, considering the results that all the subjects but one maintained positive Ca balance with normal Ca diet. (Korean J Nutrition 34(1):54-61, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1061-1070
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the diet with the amount and the qualitative assessment of nutrient intakes by the economic level. Data from the 1998 Korean Health and Nutrition Survey were used. Using the poverty line based on the 1998 Korean minimum cost of living, Subjects (n = 10400) were classified into high class (36.1％), middle class (40.7％) and low class (23.1％). Chi-square-test and Analysis of Variance following Duncan's multiple range test were used to test the difference in nutrient intake pattern among three groups ($\alpha$ = 0.05). The amount of nutrient intake and nutrient intake adequacy were statistically different by the economic level (p<0.01). The ratio of energy intake from carbohydrate is higher than the criteria of WHO recommendation in all economic levels. Especially people in the low class depended much on the carbohydrate for the energy intake. The ratio of energy from the protein and fat are lower in the middle and low class than that of the high class. The Intake level of calcium and vitamin B$_2$ were lower than those of the Recommended Dietary intake level, regardless of economic status. It also showed differences in major food sources of nutrients by the economic level Consequently, it seems that the nutrition policy and program should be prepared according to their economic status. Also, there should more detailed studies to find out the nutrient intake pattern, their determinant, and health consequences.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.63-76
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the level of nutritional knowledge dietary behavior and nutrient intakes of rural housewives and to analyze the relationship among each other. The data for this study collected by the interview with questionnaire in 1990 from the 303 rural housewives of 13 districts and 3 cities in Chunbuk province sampled by random sampling method. Statistics used in analysis were frequency, proportion, X2-test and statistical significance was tested at 0.05 level. The main results of the study were summairzed as follows : 1) Nutritional knowledge score of rural housewives was higher, in young age group than in old group and in high income group than in low income. 2) There were not the significant difference between the dietary behavior of the rural housewives and their nutritional knowledge score. 3) As the nutritional knowledge score of the subjects was higher nutrient intakes level of calcium and iron were higher, however, there were not the significant difference between the nutritional knowledge score and nutrient intakes levels of energy, protein and fat respectively. 4) As the level of meal management were high, only protein intake among various nutrients was increased. There were not the significant difference between the nutrient intakes and their food habits.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.46-56
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• 2021

Diatoms have been used in examining water quality and environmental change in freshwater systems. Here, we analyzed molecular profiling of seasonal diatoms in the Han River, Korea, using the hypervariable region of 18S V1-V3 rRNA and pyrosequencing. Physicochemical data, such as temperature, DO, pH, and nutrients showed the typical seasonal pattern in a temperate region. In addition, cell counts and chlorophyll-a, were recorded at high levels in spring compared to other seasons, due to the diatom bloom. Metagenomic analysis showed a seasonal variation in the phytoplankton community composition, with diatoms as the most frequently detected in spring (83.8%) and winter (69.7%). Overall, diatom genera such as Stephanodiscus, Navicula, Cyclotella, and Discostella were the most frequent in the samples. However, a large number of unknown Thalassiosirales diatoms were found in spring (35.5%) and winter (36.3%). Our molecular profiling revealed a high number of diatom taxa compared to morphological observation. This is the first study of diatoms in the Han River using molecular approaches, providing a valuable reference for future study on diatoms-basis environmental molecular monitoring and ecology.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.235-247
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Gohyeon Stream is the municipal eco-stream of 7.1km in total length which flows through the downtown area of Gohyeon in Geoje city, rising from the watershed of Mundong Water Fall. Gohyeon district in Geoje city has been a rapid growing area centering in Geoje city and then experienced an rapid increase in population. Large amounts of sewage pollutants have been spewed into Gohyeon Stream from its tributaries, due to the lack of sewer system. Gohyeon Stream is laced with unhealthy levels of fecal coliform (FC). Restoration of water quality in Gohyeon Stream is no less inevitable in behalf of its ecosystem and the citizen. In this study, the water quality of Gohyeon Stream and its tributaries was examined temporally and spatially, and their relationships were comparatively analyzed to give useful basic data applying to a restoration project of the water quality of Gohyeon Stream. METHODS AND RESULTS: The samples ware taken at 20 points in Gohyeon Stream and 19 points in its tributaries during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, and examined on the parameters of pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), suspended solid (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN; $NH_3$-N, $NO_3$-N, $NO_2$-N), disolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP; $PO_4$-P) and FC. The data were analyzed using a comparative analysis and Pearson's correlation analysis among the parameters. During the rainy season, the concentration of SS was high in the upper region of Gohyeon Stream, and the concentrations of COD, DIN and DIP were low in the upper region and high in the middle and lower regions. During the dry season, the concentration of SS was low and the concentrations of COD, DIN, DIP and FC were high in all regions. The Pearson's correlation analyses showed that the relationships between DO and FC, COD and DIP, and DIN and FC during the rainy season as well as between DO and DIN, SS and FC, COD and DIP, and DIN and DIP during the dry season were significant. CONCLUSION: During the rainy season, the upper region of Gohyeon Stream flowed the high level of SS, the middle region the high level of nutrients due to an agricultural run-off, and the lower region the high level of nutrients due to a sewage inflow. During the dry season, the water quality of Gohyeon Stream was directly and sensitively influenced on the inflow of sewage from the tributaries.