• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.149-158
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was done to develop of the Korean intensive care delirium screening tool (KICDST). Methods: The KICDST was developed in 5 steps: Configuration of conceptual frame, development of preliminary tool, pilot study, reliability and validity test, development of final KICDST. Reliability tests were done using degree of agreement between evaluators and internal consistency. For validity tests, CVI (Content Validity Index), ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) analysis, known group technique and factor analysis were used. Results: In the reliability test, the degree of agreement between evaluators showed .80~1.00 and the internal consistency was KR-20=.84. The CVI was .83~1.00. In ROC analysis, the AUC (Area Under the ROC Curve) was .98. Assessment score was 4 points. The values for sensitivity, specificity, correct classification rate, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were found to be 95.0%, 93.7%, 94.4%, 95.0% and 93.7%, respectively. In the known group technique, the average delirium screening tool score of the non-delirium group was $1.25{\pm}0.99$ while that of delirium group was $5.07{\pm}1.89$ (t= - 16.33, p <.001). The factors were classified into 3 factors (cognitive change, symptom fluctuation, psychomotor retardation), which explained 67.4% of total variance. Conclusion: Findings show that the KICDST has high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, this screening tool is recommended for early identification of delirium in intensive care patients.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.1B
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• pp.95-105
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• 2010

IEEE 802.15.4 is the one of the protocols for radio communication in a personal area network. Since it aims to provide low cost and low power communication for ubiquitous communication, it requires high level of optimization in implementation. Recently, there have been many studies on the performance evaluation of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol. According to the results of the studies, it is tendency that the transceiver is implemented to SoC type. On the implementation, the specific functions of MAC like CSMA-CA and MAC frame handling is designed to hardwired functions. In this paper, we implemented the protocol with hardwired low MAC (HL-MAC) and its state machine for the optimization from the physical layer and MAC layer. it has the characteristics of the small code size and the enhanced power consumption.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.18B no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 2011

This paper proposes an effective, four-stage smoke detection method based on video that provides emergency response in the event of unexpected hazards in early fire-alarming systems. In the first phase, an approximate median method is used to segment moving regions in the present frame of video. In the second phase, a color segmentation of smoke is performed to select candidate smoke regions from these moving regions. In the third phase, a feature extraction algorithm is used to extract five feature parameters of smoke by analyzing characteristics of the candidate smoke regions such as area randomness and motion of smoke. In the fourth phase, extracted five parameters of smoke are used as an input for a K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm to identify whether the candidate smoke regions are smoke or non-smoke. Experimental results indicate that the proposed four-stage smoke detection method outperforms other algorithms in terms of smoke detection, providing a low false alarm rate and high reliability in open and large spaces.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.900-914
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual conditions of Busan venture-ecosystem in mind that venture-policy is to be propelled actively for revitalization of local economy and improving the rate of joblessness in Busan. The Analytic framework is the concept of venture-ecosystem which is focused on interaction between the venture business and the environment. Because it has provided the conceptual frame of the venture-policy to make venture-friendly environment. Period of analyzing Busan venture-ecosystem is from 2004 to 2006 because venture-policy was changed greatly by participation government sailing. According to study finding, Busan venture-ecosystem is very weak in both quantitative and qualitative side. And it is estimated that the situation of Busan venture-ecosystem is high to be worsed by participation government's policy change. Also, venture policy and measures of Busan area shows that diversification of support target is urgent because of being overemphasized in IT industry.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.4002-4014
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• 2015

ITU-R M.1842-1, as a well-known specification dedicated to maritime mobile applications, has standardized wireless transmission protocols according to the particular characteristics of a maritime communications scenario. A time division multiple access (TDMA) frame structure, along with modulation schemes to achieve a high data rate, has been described clearly in ITU-R M.1842-1. However, several specification items are still under "to be decided" status, which brings ambiguity to research works. In addition, the current version of ITU-R M.1842-1 is focused mainly on maritime transmissions in open-sea areas, where the cyclic prefix (CP) is set to zero and only 16-QAM is used in the multi-carrier (MC) system. System performance might be dramatically degraded in coastline areas due to the inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by selective fading. This is because there is a higher probability that the signal will be reflected by obstacles in coastline areas. In this paper, we introduce the transmission resource block (TRB) dedicated to ITU-R M.1842-1 for a ship ad-hoc network (SANET), where the pilot pattern of TRB is based on the terrestrial trunked radio (TETRA). After that, we evaluated SANET performance under the maritime channel model in a coastline area. In order to avoid noise amplification and to overcome the ISI caused by selective fading, several strategies are suggested and compared in the channel estimation and equalization procedures, where the link-level simulation results finally validate our proposals.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2000

Resource managing is very difficult because the multimedia data compressed by a VBR shows a bit rate change within high range, Therefore, the VOD server should use the prefetch method in order to improve system utilization, such as prefetching data in the overload period by a meta table that is the reference pattern of MPEG data which is analyzed off line. This prefetch method will not result in a failure to display at overload, however, this method can not keep a minimum loading time and low costs, because the prefetched section is being maximizes. In this paper, we suggest another method that the system utilization can be improved using the fixed prefetched section to keep loading time and costs under a constant range at overload. But this technique will result in a failure to display, due to fixed prefetched section. Rut, in this paper we suggest a drop module that drops only the B frame in the GOP, consistently distributes a lower drop in media quality for the user.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.277-286
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• 2016

The first part of this study found the tendencies of the mechanical properties of two arctic structural steels (EH32 and FH32). In the second part, the crashworthiness of stiffened panels scaled down from the side frame structure of a Korean research icebreaker was determined. A procedure for designing the shapes and sizes of the stiffened panels, mass and shape of a drop striker, and a large temperature chamber, and then manufacturing these, is introduced in detail. From impact bending tests for the stiffened panels, the residual permanent deformations and deformation histories over time were captured using manual measurement and video image analyses. Numerical simulations of the impact bending tests were carried out for three different finite element models, which were mainly composed of shell elements, solid elements, and solid elements, with welding beads. It was proven from a comparison of the test results and numerical simulation results that the solid element model with the welding bead consideration approached the test results in terms of the residual deformations as long as the strain rate effect was taken into account.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.1114-1125
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• 2021

Supplying a sufficient amount of high-quality colostrum is a prevailing challenge in Hanwoo calf production systems. This study aimed to describe the efficiency of a lacteal-derived colostrum replacer versus natural bovine colostrum (from Holstein) fed to Hanwoo calves. Forty newborn Hanwoo calves (25 males and 15 females; 30.7 ± 3.15 kg body weight [mean ± standard deviation]) were blocked by sex and birth weight and fed either natural colostrum or a commercial colostrum replacer. Calves displayed a narrow difference in the evolution of body weight and structural body dimensions when they received a commercial versus natural colostrum. Minor differences existed in the starter and total dry matter consumption between calves fed natural or commercial colostrum. Although the colostrum source had no significant effects on days to first diarrhea (average of 7.6 days; p = 0.17), the duration of diarrhea was longer in natural colostrum-fed calves (3.2 vs. 4.5 days; p = 0.04). Consumption of natural colostrum resulted in greater mean serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) on day 2 (14.7 vs. 10.8 ± 0.92 mg/mL) and day 7 (8.21 vs. 5.12 ± 0.82 mg/mL) of calf life, resulting in a greater proportion of commercial colostrum-fed calves (50% vs. 15%; day 2) to experience failure of passive transfer of immunity (serum IgG < cutoff point of 10 mg/mL). Overall, growth rate, body frame development, and incidence of diarrheal disease were not different in both groups. These results suggested that the colostrum replacer product tested in this study could be an alternative to natural colostrum derived from Holstein cow in securing calf growth and health in Hanwoo calf-rearing operations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.969-974
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• 2022

In order to maximize dynamic range and to minimize image lag in digital X-ray imaging, diminishing residual parasitic capacitance in photodiode in pixels is critically necessary. These requirements are more specifically requested in dynamic X-ray imaging with high frame rate and low image lag for industrial 2D/3D automated X-ray inspection and medical CT imaging. This study proposes duoPIX^TM X-ray imaging sensor for the first time that is composed of reset thin film transistor, readout thin film transistor and photodiode in a pixel. To verify duoPIX^TM X-ray imaging sensor, designing duoPIX^TM pixel and imaging sensor was executed first then X-ray imaging sensor with 105 ㎛ pixel pitch, 347 mm × 430 mm imaging area and 3300 × 4096 pixels (13.5M pixels) was fabricated and evaluated by using module tester and image viewer specifically for duoPIX^TM imaging sensor.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2023

Recently, interest in flight simulators based on HMD and mixed reality is increasing. However, they have limitations in providing various interactions and a sense of presence to pilot wearing HMD. To overcome these limitations, a mixed reality image corresponding to the interaction under the actual cockpit environment must be generated in real time and provided to the pilot. For this purpose, we proposed a mixed reality image generation method, in which the cockpit area including the pilot's body could be extracted from real image obtained from the camera attached to the HMD and then composed with virtual image to generate a high-resolution mixed reality image. Simulation results showed that the proposed method could provide mixed reality images to HMD at 30 Hz frame rate with 99% image composition accuracy.