• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.52 no.6
• /
• pp.706-712
• /
• 2014

Explosives are reactive material that contain a great amount of high potential energy. They produce detonation if released suddenly, accompanied by the production of strong light, high heat, great noise and high pressure. Damage at surrounding detonation point is affected by high pressure and blast wave for explosives detonation. Consequently, analysis of pressure and blast wave is very important. This study focuses on the analysis of maximum overpressure and blast wave of explosives for safety assurance. First of all, four cases of the amount of HMX were selected. Secondly, maximum pressure and blast wave were calculated through detonation simulation along with a set of TNT and HMX quantities. The peripheral effect of detonation point was analyzed by calculating overpressure and absolute velocity and considering detonation occurred in the center of geometry by HMX. Also, maximum overpressure and blast wave of HMX were compared to equivalent amount of TNT, which was taken as a base case and verified through theoretical HMX graph. This study contributes to the base case for overpressure and blast wave of complex gunpowder containing HMX.

• Explosives and Blasting
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2013

In blasting demolition, a method would be chosen among many depends on shape and system of a structure and its surround. To demolish using explosives a structure, which is asymmetric and with high aspect ratio, pre-weakening, explosive locations, detonating delay, and surround conditions are needed to be considered in front to design blasting demolition plan. In this study, to over turn asymmetric and high aspect ratio structure in safe, a simulation using a software named Extreme Loadings for Structures, ELS, had performed. In results, it is achieved optimized pre-weakening shapes and locations, which prevent kick back motion of the structure when it collapse, by analyzing moment distribution caused by pre-weakening. And of structural collapse and by minimizing asymmetric structure's torsional moment. Also, after the demolition, simulation results are also compared with actual collapse behavior. In results, it is confirmed the accuracy of collapse behaviour simulation results, and in blasting demolition, kick back motion can be controled by adjusting pre-weakening shape and location, and the torsional moment of an asymmetric structure also can be solved by optimizing detonation locations and its time intervals.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.37 no.10
• /
• pp.13-25
• /
• 2021

The most widely used method for determining the blast effects of explosives is the Trauzl test. This test is used to measure the explosive power (strength) of a substance by determining volume increase, which is produced by the detonation of a tested explosive charge in the cavity of a lead block with defined quality and size. In this paper, Trauzl lead block test and High speed 3D-DIC (Digital Image Correlation) system were conducted to evaluate the stemming effect of the blast hole. The effects of stemming materials can be expressed as the expansion of the cavity in a standard lead block through explosion of the explosives. The blasting experiment was conducted with emulsion explosives. The stemming material in the blast hole of lead block, which was adopted in this study, were using sand and stone chips. Results of blasting experiment and numerical analysis showed that the expansion rates of lead block were most affected by stone chips followed by sand. Also, as result of dynamic strain measurement on the lead block surface of High speed 3D-DIC system, the displacement and surface strain on the block were the highest in the experiment case of stone chips stemming.

• Explosives and Blasting
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2018

The measures for environmental regulations have become more strict over the recent years. Due to vibration and noise arising from blasting, every site that chooses to handle explosives has to be under certain restrictions in its use. Especially a site where a safety thing is situated within close proximity, the chosen method is through mechanical excavation. However, various applications of electronic detonators has made blasting possible where mechanical excavation used to be the only alternative. Hanwha Corporation has developed an electronic detonator, $HiTRONIC^{TM}$, which is an advanced fourth-generation detonator with a high accuracy of delay time(0.01%). At this moment, $HiTRONIC^{TM}$ is widely used in highway and railway construction sites, large limestone quarries, and many other blasting sites where blasting had not been an available option before. In this paper, I would like to introduce a case study on construction of utilizing $HiTRONIC^{TM}$ at a large-scale tunnel site.

• Explosives and Blasting
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2005

A major concern with blasting at surface mines is generation of ground vibration, air blast, flyrock, dust & fume and their impact on nearby structures and environment. A study was conducted at a coal mine in India which produces 10 million tonne of coal and 27 million cubic meter of overburden per annum. Draglines and shovels with dumpers carry out the removal of overburden. Detonation of 100 tonnes of explosives in a blasting round is a common practice of the mine. These large sized blasts often led to complaints from the nearby inhabitants regarding ground vibrations and their affects on their houses. Eighteen dragline blasts were conducted and their impacts on nearby structures were investigated. Extended seismic arrays were used to identify the vibration characteristics within a few tens meters of the blasts and also as modified by the media at distances over 5 km. 10 to 12 seismographs were deployed in an array to gather the time histories of vibrations. A signature blast was conducted to know the fundamental frequency of the particular transmitting media between the blast face and the structures. The faster decay of high frequency components was observed. It was also observed that at distances of 5km, the persistence of vibrations in the structures was substantially increased by more 10 seconds. The proximity of the frequency of the ground vibration to the structure's fundamental frequencies produced the resonance in the structures. On the basis of the fundamental frequency of the structures, the delay interval was optimized, which resulted into lower amplitude and reduced persistence of vibration in the structures.

• Explosives and Blasting
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.66-76
• /
• 2012

Blasting technology aims to maximize digging efficiency as well as minimize vibration and noise. So, it is key point of blasting technology to raise blasting effect as much as possible and reduce vibration and noise and the design of PLHBM that is the tunnel blasting method having such merit was studied in this paper. PLHBM has the excellent blasting efficiency as it drills the empty hole with high caliber of 250~1,000mm at centre cut, contributes to blasting vibration reduction effect much and can be usefully applied to tunnel blasting sites. So it is judged that it enables the development of tunnel blasting method to be advanced one more step by studying and suggesting the design method of PLHBM.

• Explosives and Blasting
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 2001

채석, 굴착, 가공과 같은 워터젯 응용분야에서 대상재료에 깊은 홈(kerf)을 절단할 수 있는 실험실용 회전식 슬로터(slotter)를 제작하여 암석을 대상으로 워터젯 시스템의 절단효율을 시험하였다. 고압펌프는 유율 7.5 l/min, 압력 379 MPa, 용량 75 kW급의 JETPAC을 주로 사용하였고, 암석시료는 화강석인 제천석, 거창석을 사용하였다. 시험과정에서는 물과 연마재 투입에 의한 절단 및 진동식 슬로터에 의한 슬롯절단 기초시험을 먼저 수행하고, 그 결과를 토대로 회전식 슬로터에 의한 절단시험을 실시하였다. 순수한 물에 의한 시험의 결과 고압수류의 토출압력은 절단심도에 정비례하였고, 노즐의 이송속도는 이차함수 형태의 반비례 관계를 보였다. 연마재 투입시험에서는 순수한 물에 의한 경우에 비해 연마재로 인한 충격력의 증가로 절단심도가 크게 증가하였는데, 유사한 조건하에서 3~5배 이상의 절단심도의 증가를 보였다. 진동식 슬로터에 의한 슬롯절삭에서는 생성된 슬롯의 내벽면이 바닥으로 갈수록 좁아짐으로써 넓은 폭의 슬롯형성은 가능하나 절삭심도가 제한되었다. 회전식 슬로터에 의한 시험에서 생성된 슬롯들은 평균 22 mm의 폭으로 내벽면이 바닥까지 서로 평행하여 깊은 심도까지 비트진입이 가능하였다. 절단율은 16~32 mm/sec의 속도범위에서 $40~160{\;}\textrm{mm}^2/sec$로 나타났다. 한편, 최대유율 24 l/min의 HUSKY S-200 펌프에 의한 시험결과 JETPAC 펌프에 비해 1.13~3.47 배의 절단심도를 보였다

• Explosives and Blasting
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.71-75
• /
• 2010

A plan of construction of subsea tunnels connecting Korea-Japan and Korea-China have been discussing over the past several ten years. This paper were wrote about the present capacity of our engineer, the cooperation plan of politics and economy. Especially we examined and studied resolution method and technical problem in the construction of Sub-sea tunnel. In terms of excavation technology, Blasting and water resistance technology should be cared considering the status of rock such as fault in the deep sea. After of a construction work, it should be carefully designed and constructed for the fire and leakage management in Tunnel, It should be applied to High Construction Management Professional and Value Management(CVS) etc.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.932-940
• /
• 2011

This study describes computational simulation results in 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional space concerning large scale gap test(LSGT) by using commercial hydrocode such as AUTODYN and LS-DYNA to analyze the detonation phenomenons of high explosives. To consider the possibilities of LSGT simulation, we used Lee - Tarver reaction rate model of PBX-9404 and Comp-B which were implemented AUTODYN's material library. Also we have tried the diverse numerical schemes such as Lagrangian, Eulerian and ALE(Arbitary Lagrangian Eulerian), SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) in LSGT simulations. After LSGT simulations, we compared the simulation results with published results to verify the LSGT simulations. According to the LSGT simulations, we have concluded as follows. In 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional space, Lagrangian solver provided the most reliable results based on analysis time and accuracy. When using two hydrocodes in 2-dimensional space, the simulation results are almost same except one explosive model. We have verified the modeling method and simulation results of the LSGT by using the commenrcial hydrocode in this study.

• Explosives and Blasting
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.15-29
• /
• 2007

In situ and laboratory tests were carried out for investigating the Excavation Disturbed Zone(EDZ) generated from blasting at the KAERI Underground Research Tunnel(KURT), which is for the researches related to High-level radioactive waste disposal program. It was found that the EDZ was generated more than In from the laboratory rock tests and in situ experiments. RQD of the rock mass within $0{\sim}2(m)$, where the blasting impact was significant, was 17% lower than in the deeper zones without a serious blasting impact. It was also estimated that the deformability of rock mass was reduced about 40% after the blasting.