• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.435-452
• /
• 2010

This paper proposes a novel reversible data hiding scheme based on a Vector Quantization (VQ) codebook. The proposed scheme uses the principle component analysis (PCA) algorithm to sort the codebook and to find two similar codewords of an image block. According to the secret to be embedded and the difference between those two similar codewords, the original image block is transformed into a difference number table. Finally, this table is compressed by entropy coding and sent to the receiver. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve greater hiding capacity, about five bits per index, with an acceptable bit rate. At the receiver end, after the compressed code has been decoded, the image can be recovered to a VQ compressed image.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.68-75
• /
• 2008

This paper proposes a new data hiding method for binary images using the weighting value of pixel-value differencing. The binary cover image is partitioned into non-overlapping sub-blocks and find the most suitable position to embed a secret bit for each sub-block. The proposed method calculates the weighted value for a sub-block to pivot a pixel to be changed. This improves the image quality of the stego-image. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a good visual quality and high capacity.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제16권10호
• /
• pp.3406-3418
• /
• 2022

Reversible data hiding is an algorithm that has ability to extract the secret data and to restore the marked image to its original version after data extracting. However, some previous schemes offered the low image quality of marked images. To solve this shortcoming, a new reversible data hiding scheme based on pixel value ordering and edge detection mechanism is proposed. In our proposed scheme, the edge image is constructed to divide all pixels into the smooth regions and rough regions. Then, the pixels in the smooth regions are separated into non overlapping blocks. Then, by taking advantages of the high correlation of current pixels and their adjacent pixels in the smooth regions, PVO algorithm is applied for embedding secret data to maintain the minimum distortion. The experimental results showed that our proposed scheme obtained the larger embedding capacity. Moreover, the greater image quality of marked images are achieved by the proposed scheme than that other previous schemes while the high EC is embedded.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.768-788
• /
• 2021

The reversible data hiding technique safely transmits secret data to the recipient from malicious attacks by third parties. In addition, this technique can completely restore the image used as a transmission medium for secret data. The reversible data hiding schemes have been proposed in various forms, and recently, the reversible data hiding schemes based on interpolation are actively researching. The reversible data hiding scheme based on the interpolation method expands the original image into the cover image and embed secret data. However, the existing interpolation-based reversible data hiding schemes did not embed secret data during the interpolation process. To improve this problem, this paper proposes embedding the first secret data during the image interpolation process and embedding the second secret data into the interpolated cover image. In the embedding process, the original image is divided into blocks without duplicates, and the maximum and minimum values are determined within each block. Three way searching based on the maximum value and two way searching based on the minimum value are performed. And, image interpolation is performed while embedding the first secret data using the PVD scheme. A stego image is created by embedding the second secret data using the maximum difference value and log function in the interpolated cover image. As a result, the proposed scheme embeds secret data twice. In particular, it is possible to embed secret data even during the interpolation process of an image that did not previously embed secret data. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can transmit more secret data to the receiver while maintaining the image quality similar to other interpolation-based reversible data hiding schemes.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.270-281
• /
• 2024

Information-hiding technology is introduced into an optical ghost imaging encryption scheme, which can greatly improve the security of the encryption scheme. However, in the current mainstream research on camouflage ghost imaging encryption, information hiding techniques such as digital watermarking can only hide 1/4 resolution information of a cover image, and most secret images are simple binary images. In this paper, we propose an equal-resolution image-hiding encryption scheme based on deep learning and computational ghost imaging. With the equal-resolution image steganography network based on deep learning (ERIS-Net), we can realize the hiding and extraction of equal-resolution natural images and increase the amount of encrypted information from 25% to 100% when transmitting the same size of secret data. To the best of our knowledge, this paper combines image steganography based on deep learning with optical ghost imaging encryption method for the first time. With deep learning experiments and simulation, the feasibility, security, robustness, and high encryption capacity of this scheme are verified, and a new idea for optical ghost imaging encryption is proposed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.4443-4462
• /
• 2020

This paper proposes a new framework of reversible data hiding scheme for absolute moment truncation coding (AMBTC) compressed images. AMBTC-based RDH can be applied to optical remote sensing (ORS) image transmission, which achieves target region preservation and image compression simultaneously. Existing methods can be concluded as two types. In type I schemes, stego codes mimic the original AMBTC format where no file bloat occurs, yet the carried secret data is limited. Type II schemes utilize predication errors to recode quantity levels of AMBTC codes which achieves significant increase in embedding capacity. However, such recoding causes bloat inside stego format, which is not appropriate in mentioned ORS transmission. The proposed method is a novel type I RDH method which prevents bloat inside AMBTC stego codes with significant improvement in embedding capacity. The AMBTC compressed trios are grouped into two categories according to a given threshold. In smooth trio, the modified low quantity level is constructed by concatenating Huffman codes and secret bits. The reversible contrast mapping (RCM) is performed to complex trios for data embedment. Experiments show that the proposed scheme provides highest payload compared with existing type I methods. Meanwhile, no expansion inside stego codes is caused.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2009

본 논문은 이미지 픽셀의 픽셀값 차이(Pixel-value Differencing: PVD)와 최하위 비트(Least Significant Bit: LSB) 교체 방법을 이용하여 원본 이미지의 픽셀값 성질에 맞게 적용하여 고용량의 데이터를 이미지에 숨길 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 기존에 LSB와 PVD 방법에 근거하여 비밀 자료를 숨기고, 숨겨진 자료를 감지할 수 없도록 하기 위해 많은 자료 은닉 방법들이 연구되었다. 두 연속된 픽셀값 차이가 적을 경우에는 부드러운 영역(Smooth Area)에 속하게 되고, 두 픽셀값 차이가 클 경우에는 경계 영역(Edge Area)에 속한 픽셀로 구별되는데, 본 논문에서 제시하는 방법은 이미지의 부드러운 영역과 경계 영역을 감지하여 부드러운 영역에는 LSB 교체 방법을 적용하고, 경계 영역에는 픽셀값 차이를 이용한 방법을 적용하였다. 실험 결과에서는 본 논문에서 제시한 방법이 기존의 LSB교체 기법을 이용하거나 픽셀값 차이를 이용한 자료은닉 방법에 비해 숨길 수 있는 자료량과 스테고 이미지(Stego-image)의 품질 측면에서 우수함을 보이고 있다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.261-270
• /
• 2019

In order to protect secret digital documents against vulnerabilities while communicating, steganography algorithms are applied. It protects a digital file from unauthorized access by hiding the entire content. Pixel-value-difference being a method from spatial domain steganography utilizes the difference gap between neighbor pixels to fulfill the same. The proposed approach is a block-wise embedding process where blocks of variable size are chosen from the cover image, therefore, a stream of secret digital contents is hidden. Least significant bit (LSB) substitution method is applied as an adaptive mechanism and optimal pixel adjustment process (OPAP) is used to minimize the error rate. The proposed application succeeds to maintain good hiding capacity and better signal-to-noise ratio when compared against other existing methods. Any means of digital communication specially e-Governance applications could be highly benefited from this approach.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.1331-1344
• /
• 2017

In this paper, data hiding algorithm using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Arnold Transform is proposed. The secret data is scrambled using Arnold Transform to make it secure. Wavelet subbands of a cover image are obtained using DWT. The scrambled secret data is embedded into significant wavelet coefficients of subbands of a cover image. The proposed algorithm is robust to a variety of attacks like JPEG and JPEG2000 compression, image cropping and median filtering. Experimental results show that the PSNR of the composite image is 1.05 dB higher than the PSNR of existing algorithms and capacity is 25% higher than the capacity of existing algorithms.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.132-148
• /
• 2013

Via the Internet, the information infrastructure of modern health care has already established medical information systems to share electronic health records among patients and health care providers. Data hiding plays an important role to protect medical images. Because modern medical devices have improved, high resolutions of medical images are provided to detect early diseases. The high quality medical images are used to recognize complicated anatomical structures such as soft tissues, muscles, and internal organs to support diagnosis of diseases. For instance, 16-bit depth medical images will provide 65,536 discrete levels to show more details of anatomical structures. In general, the feature of low utilization rate of intensity in 16-bit depth will be utilized to handle overflow/underflow problem. Nowadays, most of data hiding algorithms are still experimenting on 8-bit depth medical images. We proposed a novel reversible data hiding scheme testing on 16-bit depth CT and MRI medical image. And the peak point and zero point of a histogram are applied to embed secret message k bits without salt-and-pepper.