• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.137-149
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effets of hesperidin extracted from tangerine peel on Cadmium (Cd) and lipid metabolism lipid peroxide formation, and antioxidative enzyme activities in rats. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 158.3$\pm$3.5g were blocked into eight groups according to body weight. Rats were raised for three weeks with diets containing 0 or 0.04%(w/w) cadmium chloride and 1%(w/w) extracted hesperidin from tangerine peel, commercial hesperidin or naringin. Food intake, weight gain and food efficiency ratio were significantly lower in the Cd-administered groups. The Cd concentrations in blood and liver and the Cd excretions in urine and feces were significantly higher in the Cd-administered groups. Among the Cd groups, blood Cd concentrations were decreased, fecal Cd excretions were increased, and Cd retenition ratios were decreased by feeding flavonoid diets. Plasma total lipid concentrations were significantly lower in the extracted hesperidin group, plasma triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the extracted hesperidin and naringin groups. Plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations and HDL : total cholesterol ratios were increased by feeding flavonoids. Among the Cd groups, liver total lipid concentratons were decreased by feeding flavonoids. Fecal total lipid, fecal cholesterol, and fecal triglyceride excretions were significantly higher in the naringin group, and they were increased by feeding flavonoids among Cd groups. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentrations in plasma and liver were higher in Cd groups, and were significantly decreased by feeding flavonoids. The activities of erythrocyte catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase showed a tendency to increase by feeding. The activities of liver catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were not significantly affected by administering Cd or flavonoids. In conclusion, all flavonoids that were used in this experiment inhibited lipid peroxide formation in plasma and liver, but this effect was not caused by the increased in the activities of antioxidative enzymes.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2016

Aqueous extraction of Citrus unshiu peels (AECUP) is mainly comprised with pro-angiogenichesperidin and narirutin. In this study, we report approaches to increasing the yields of extracted hesperidin and narirutinfrom Citrus unshiu peels using proper solvents. Significantly improved yields of both compounds were obtained using methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) compared to acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol. Especially, effect of DMSO was by far the better of the two solvents in extraction of hesperidin. In addition, the DMSO extracted hesperidin significantly induced the pro-angiogenic effects of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and markedly up-regulated phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that pro-angiogenic inducer; hesperidin and narirutin can be simply, easily, and effectively extracted from Citrus unshiu peels.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 1999

The purpose of this experiment was to examine the antimicrobial effect of the natural flavonoid hesperidin on dental caries and alveolar bone resorption in the albinorats. Twenty five day old male rats were fed with the experimental diets for 42 days. At the end of the 42 day experimental period, the molar tooth occlusal surface was examined by a dissecting microscope. The sulcular caries lesions were recorded: the first molar caries incidence was higher than that of the second molar and the third molar. Alvelolar bone resorption was measured on the buccal and lingual aspects of each molars. Three measurements were taken on the first molar (mesialpoint, midpoint, distalpoint). The results of this experiments, showed that hesperidin is effective in reducing dental caries and alveolar bone resorption.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2011

The content of hesperidin in the mixed tea, which was composed of dried orange peel, laurel leaf, mulberry leaf, silver magnolia leaf, oriental melon tap, cassia seed, and licorice root, was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hesperidin was quantified by a reverse phase column with gradient solvent system (watcr:acetonitrile = 80:20 to 35:65 for 30 min) and UV/VIS detection (280 nm). The How rate was kept constant at 1.0 ml/min. The content of hesperidin in the mixed tea was measured in depending on extraction time 1, 2, 3, and 4 min (29.07, 52.39, 52.45, and 88.35 mg/g, respectively).

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2013

We investigated the inhibitory effects of hesperidin on melanogenesis. To find melanosome transport inhibitor from natural products, we collected the structural information of natural products from Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) and performed pharmacophore-based in silico screening for Rab27A and melanophilin (MLPH). Hesperidin did not inhibit melanin production in B16F10 murine melanoma cells stimulated with ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH), and also did not affect the catalytic activity of tyrosinase. But, hesperidin inhibited melanosome transport in melanocyte and showed skin lightening effect in pigmented reconstructed epidermis model. Therefore, we suggest that hesperidin is a useful inhibitor of melanosome transport and it might be applied to whitening agent.

• 생약학회지
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• 제32권2호통권125호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2001

Aurantii Fructus has been used in traditional medicine as a digestant, expectorant, and in the treatment of diarrhea, anal prolapse. For the quality control of this crude drug, hesperidin was isolated from the ethylacetate fraction of Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae) and identified by the spectroscopic evidences. A quantitative analysis of hesperidin using HPLC method exhibited that the average contents of hesperidin were $2.13{\pm}1.16%$ in 57 samples collected throughout the various regions of Korea.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.699-706
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• 2006

The present study evaluated antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of hesperidin, a flavanone mainly isolated from citrus fruits, and its aglycone hesperetin using cell-free bioassay system and primary cultured rat cortical cells. Both hesperidin and hesperetin exhibited similar patterns of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities. While hesperidin was inactive, hesperetin was found to be a potent antioxidant, inhibiting lipid peroxidation initiated in rat brain homogenates by $Fe^{2+}$ and L-ascorbic acid. In consistence with these findings, hesperetin protected primary cultured cortical cells against the oxidative neuronal damage induced by $H_2O_2$ or xanthine and xanthine oxidase. In addition, it was shown to attenuate the excitotoxic neuronal damage induced by excess glutamate in the cortical cultures. When the excitotoxicity was induced by the glutamate receptor subtype-selective ligands, only the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced toxicity was selectively and markedly inhibited by hesperetin. Furthermore, hesperetin protected cultured cells against the $A_{{\beta}(25-35)}-induced$ neuronal damage. Hesperidin, however, exerted minimal or no protective effects on the neuronal damage tested in this study. Taken together, these results demonstrate potent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of hesperetin, implying its potential role in protecting neurons against various types of insults associated with many neurodegenerative diseases.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.53-56
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• 2004

유자의 부위별 narinign 및 hesperidin의 함량은 과피가 95.54 mg%, 103.99 mg%, 과육이 65.77 mg%, 77.18 mg%, 씨에는 16.49 mg%, 15.88 mg% 순으로 검출되었다 유자에서 고미의 원인 물질인 naringin을 제거하기 위한 naringinase 최적 첨가량을 검토한 결과, naringinase 20 units 첨가구의 경우 90분 경과후 대부분 분해되었다. 표준시약으로 naringin 10 mg%와 hesperidin 5 mg%의 기질에 naringinase 10.0 units와 hesperidinase 2.0 units를 각각 첨가하여 측정한 결과 0.11 mg%와 0.45 mg%로 감소하였고, naringinase 1% 처리구에서 0.54 mg% 와 0.09 mg% 감소하였으며, 탁주용 당화효소 5% 처리구에서는 0.26 mg%, 0.04 mg%로 감소하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2002

감귤과피(0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 및 6%)를 함유하는 사과식초, 현미식초 및 감식초의 상온(2$0^{\circ}C$) 및 가열(10$0^{\circ}C$)에 따른 hesperidin과 naringin의 추출량을 조사함과 동시에 선태성 고혈압 쥐의 혈압에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 상온 및 가열추출의 경우 hesperidin과 naringin의 함량은 사고식초에 비하여 현미 및 감식초에서 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 상온추출 1일에서 hesperidin과 naringin의 추출이 완료되었으나 농도가 2%이상일 경우에는 3~5일이 소요되었다. 가열추출의 경우에는 2시간추출로 최대치에 도달하였다. 감귤과피 0.2, 0.4 및 0.6%를 함유하는 0.5%의 사과식초를 선태성 고혈압 쥐에게 4주간 자유섭취 시킨 결과, 혈장 중성지질 함량은 유의적으로 낮았고, total cholesterol 함량은 16~32% 낮았다. 또 처리군은 HDL-cholesterol함량은 높은 반면 LDL-cholesterol 함량은 낮았으며 혈압은 10.7~33.2 mmHg가 감소되었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2008

Objectives : In this paper, we describe that $^1H-NMR$ spectroscopy may be superior to the conventional HPLC for the quantitative analysis of hesperidin from Citrus unshiu. Methods : $^1H-NMR$ spectra (400 MHz) were recorded in $DMSO-d_6$ using a Varian UNITY Inova AS 400 FT NMR spectrometer. One hundred milligram of powdered Citrus unshiu was weighed out and mixed with 1 ml of $DMSO-d_6$ with sonication for 30 min (room temperature). The extracts were filtrated through a 0.45 ${\mu}m$ PVDF filter and 0.5 ml of filtrated extract used for quantitative $^1H-NMR$ measurement (added 1 mg of dimethyl terephthalate as internal standard). The quantity of hesperidin was calculated by the ratio of the intensity of the compound to the known amount of internal standard. For HPLC analysis, the half gram of plant material was extracted with 60 ml of MeOH for 2 hours. The extracts were made 100 ml volume and analyzed by a Waters HPLC system using a YMC ODS column. The total flow rate was 1.0 ml/min with a sample volume 10 ${\mu}l$ and UV detection at 280nm. Results : The contents of hesperidin in Citrus unshiu was determined $5.33{\pm}0.06$% in the quantitative $^1H-NMR$ method and $5.15{\pm}0.12%$ in HPLC method. Using the quantitative $^1H-NMR$ the contents of hesperidin can be determined in much shorter time than the conventional HPLC measurements. Conclusions : From those results, the advantages of quantitative $^1H-NMR$ analysis are that can be analyzed to identify and quantify, and no reference compounds required for calibration curve. Besides, it allows rapid and simple quantification for hesperidin with an analysis time for only 10 min without any pre-purification steps.