• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2003

This paper considers the potential impact of biological approaches such as bio-copying (biomimetics) and biomanipulating (e.g. genetic engineering) on future developments in the field of textiles and, in particular, fibres. If analytical tools for studying biological systems combined with those of materials science are further developed, and higher efficiency and reproducibility of genetic engineering technology can be achieved, the potential for the copying and manipulation of nature for textile innovations will be immense. The present state for both fields is described with examples such as touch and close fastener, structurally coloured fibres, the Lotus of lect (for bio-copying), as well as herbicide tolerant cotton, insecticide resistant cotton (Bt cotton), cotton polyester bicomponent fibres, genetically engineered silkworm and silk protein, and spider fibres. (for genetic engineering).

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.203-210
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• 1998

Environmental concerns arising from synthetic herbicides in plant management systems have led to an interest in plant-derived compounds as natural herbicides. Inhibitory effects of compounds extracted with 50% methanol from corn (Zea mays L.) and pine (Pinus densiflora L.) were evaluated on large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), annual bluegrass Poa annua L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) The aqueous extracts inhibited seed germination and had postemergence activity on the four species. The stability of biological activity of corn grain, stover, and root extracts was not affected by heating to $135^{\circ}C$ or freezing/thawing treatments when applied at levels above 0.25kg m(sup)-2 based on dry weights of powders before extraction. Heating reduced the activity of pine litter and bark extracts at all levels except the highest application level but had little effect on pine needle extracts.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.96-100
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• 1996

In this experiment, germination test of ginseng seed and growth test of two year old ginseng in soil incorporated with quinclorac (3,7-Dichloro-8-quinoline carboxylic acid) were conducted to evaluate phytotoxicity caused by quinclorac residue in soil. Ginseng seed germiilation was hardly affected, but growth of ginseng seedling was retarded by quinclorac. The phytotoxicity of quinclorac on ginseng seedling was expressed at the lowest level tested, 3.75 g a.i./10a (118 of recommended rate for rice cultivation). The representative phytotoxicity in ginseng were decreased root weight, shortened leaf width and leaf length, and weak lateral root Quinclorac residue decreased by 1/4 in pot soil after 2 months and below 2 ppm in the paddy soil applied at usual rate (30 g a.i./10a) after 1∼ 2 years. Below 2 ppd ginseng did not show any phytotoxicity symptom.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 1999

Triazine herbicide has been reported to directly suppress the immune response. In the present study, the effect of simazine on the immune response was investigated. Splenic lymphocytes were treated withmitogen (lipopolysaccaride, concanavalin A) in the presence of simazine. When simazine(300 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg) was administrated every day for 3 weeks or 4 weeks, respectively, the number of plaque forming cells (PFC) was decreased. Antibody production of IgM and IgG class was significantly decreased in splenic cells from simazine-treated animals. In addition, when animals were exposed to simazine, the susceptibility of virus infection as well as the growth of tumor cells was increased. These data suggest that simazine affected the immune function and humoral immunity impaired by simazine treatment contributed to pathological process.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2000년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.144-150
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• 2000

A field case study was performed to investigate optimum cropping technique of direct seeded rice. In addition, an economic analysis was made to see the effect of this method. Field study was performed at a 2.1㏊ paddy field in Kimjae city, Chonbuk province from 1991 to 1999. Various direct seeding method such as dryland seeding, wetland seeding, and no-till wetland seeding were introduced. Optimum cropping techniques such as when and how to manage the rotary till, water supply, herbicide application, and ponding depth were developed for different cropping methods. Based on this study ￦640,000 per ㏊ can be saved by direct seeding due to no nursery cost, and ￦l,220,000 per ㏊ can be saved by no-till and no nursery cost. With further study these cropping techniques including the no-till direct deeding proves to be advantageous these can be adopted for the most of the paddy fields in Korea.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제13권3_4호
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• pp.117-123
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• 1998

Paraquat is a useful nonselective herbicide widely used throughout the world. However, accidental or intentional ingestion of the paraquat cause fetal pulmonary injuring. But there is not suitable antidote of paraquat intoxication and therapeutic agents now be used are not effective. So, in this study we intended to evaluate the inhibitory effects of DDB(dimethyl-4,4'dimethoxy-5,6,5',6'-dimethylene dioxyphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylate) on paraquat toxicity. DDB (100mg/kg) was administered orally to SD rats lhr after paraquat(50mg/kg) injection. After 24 hours, the biochemical parameters of blood and tissues were examined. In paraquat treated groups sGPT, sGOT, BUN, creatinine, MDA and alkaline phosphatase levels in blood and MDA, glucose-6-phosphatase activity in tissues were elevated by 2 to 5 times of normal values. However in schizandrin treated groups, sGPT, sGOT, MDA and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood and MDA and glucose-6-phosphatase activity were significantly decreased to notmal levels but not in biochemical parameters of nephrotoxicity, BUN and creatinine levels. Therefore, we concluded that schizandrin can be used as an antidote of pulmono, hepatotoxicity of paraquat.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.213-222
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• 1999

The toxic effects of four pesticides on the entomopathogenic nematodes. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NC strain, Steinernema glaseri NC and Dongrae strain were tested by checking the mortality of infective juveniles(Ijs) in aqueous solution of pesticide. Mortality of Ijs was influenced by pesticide and concentration and soaking time. The herbicide alachlor and insecticide fenitrothion were toxic to Ijc of three entomopathogenic nematodes. But, the fungicides mepronil and tolclofos-methyl were nontoxic to Ijs. Tolclofos-methyl showed significantly very week toxicity at 28 days after soaking for S. glaseri NC strain. H. bacteriophora NC strain was more highly sensitive to high temperature condition then were the other nematodes.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 1981

기계이앙답(機械移秧畓)(경식토(輕植土))에 있어서 모내기 전후용(前後用)의 6종(種)의 제초제(除草劑)로 대하여 처리시기별(處理時期別)에 따른 제초효과(除草效果) 및 약해(藥害)의 변동(變動)을 조사(調査)하기 위하여 모내기 2일전(日前)(써레질 2일(日) 후(後)에 모내기 함), 모내기 5일(日) 후(後), 8일(日) 후(後), 12일(日) 후(後)및 15일(日) 후(後)(Piperophos+Dimetharnetryn에 한(限)함)로 나누어 시기별(時期別)로 제초제(除草劑)를 펴면처리(表面處理) 하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 써레질 후(後) 20일간(日間)의 평균기온(平均氣溫)은 $19.7^{\circ}C$였다. 1. Chlormethoxynil ; 마디꽃, 밭뚝외풀 등에 대하여서는 모내기 12일후(日後) 처리(盧理)(써레질 14일후(日後)) 까지의 처리(處理)에 있어서도 우수(優秀)한 효과(效果)를 나타냈으며 피(1.0엽(葉)), 물달개비, 올미 등에 대하여서는 써레질 후(後) 7일(日) 이내(以內)의 처리(處理)까지에는 효과(效果)가 우수(優秀)하나 그보다 처리시기(處理時期)가 늦어짐에 따라서 효과(效果)는 급감(急減)되었다. 가래, 너도방동산이, 올챙챙고랭이 등에 대해서는 조기처리(早期處理)가 되어도 초기억제효과(初期抑制效果) 밖에 없었다. 처리시기별(處理時期別)로 약해차이(藥害差異)는 없었고 12DAT국(區)에 한(限)해서 수량감소(收量減少)가 있었다. 2. Butachlor; 피, 마디꽃, 밭뚝외풀 등은 써레질 후(後) 14일(日)(모내기 12일(日) 후(後))까지도 효과(效果)가 우수(優秀)하나 물달개비, 너도방동산이, 올챙이고랭이 등은 써레질 후(後) 7일(日) 이내(以內)(2DBT~5DAT)까지의 처리(處理)로 효과(效果)가 우수(優秀)하며 그 이후(以後)의 처리(處理)로는 효과(效果)가 감소(減少)되었으며 가래, 올미 등은 조기처리(早期處理)에서도 효과(效果)는 미약(微弱)하였다. 벼에 대한 약해(藥害)는 처리시기(處理時期)가 늦을수록 약해(藥害)는 가벼워지나 처리시기별(處理時期別)로 수량(收量)에까지 큰 영향은 없었다. 다만 12DAT구(區)에서 약간의 수량감소(收量減少)가 있었다. 3. Butachlor+Naproanilide(4% : 6%)함제(合劑) ; 피, 마디꽃, 밭뚝외풀, 올미 등에 대한 효과(效果)는 처리시기별(處理時期別)로 차등(差等)없이 우수(優秀)하며 물달개비, 올미, 너도방동산이, 가래 등에 대하여도 Butachlor 단제(單劑) 때보다 처리시기(處理時期)에 큰 차이(差異)없이 그 효과(效果)는 크게 상승(上昇)되었다. 벼에 대한 처리시기별(處理時期別) 영향(影響)은 모내기 2일(日) 전(前) 처리(處理)가 될 때에 한(限)해서 상당한 약해(藥害)가 있었고 수량(收量)에까지도 영향이 있었다. 4. Perfluidone ; 피, 마디꽃, 밭뚝외풀, 물달개비, 올미 등에 대하여서는 처리시기(處理時期)에 관계없이 효과(效果)가 우수(優秀)하였으며 가래, 너도방동산이, 올챙이고랭이 등에 대하여 서로 처리시기(處理時期)에 차이(差異)없이 초기(初期)에는 우수(優秀)한 효과(效果)이나 경시적(經時的)으로 그 효과(效果)가 다소(多少) 감소(減少)되었다. 벼에 대한 영향은 처리시기(處理時期)가 빠를수록 약해(藥害)는 커지는 경향(碩向)이었으며 특히 모내기 2일(日) 전(前) 처리(處理)가 될 때는 초기약해(初期藥害)가 수량(收量)에까지도 영향을 미쳤다. 5. Pyrazolate ; 피, 물달개비, 올미, 가래 등에 대하여는 처리시기(處理時期)에 관계없이 효과(效果)가 탁월(卓越)하였다. 다만 마디꽃, 밭뚝외풀이 약간(若干) 잔초(殘草)로 남아 있었다. 너도방동산이는 써레질 7일(日) 후(後)와 9일(日) 후(後)사이에서 효과(效果)가 좋았으며 올챙이고랭이는 초기억제(初期抑制)는 되었으나 점차(漸次) 효과(效果)가 저감(低減)되었다. 벼에 대한 약해(藥害)및 수량(收量)은 처리시기별(處理時期別)로 영향이 적었다. 6. Piperophos+Dirnethametryn ; 써레질 후(後) 17일(日)까지 공시(供試)한 일년생잔초(一年生雜草) 모두와 가래에 대하여서는 탁효(卓效)가 있었으나 올미, 너도방동산이, 올챙이고랭이 등에 대하여서는 초기억제효과(初期抑制效果) 뿐이었다. 이에 대하여서는 처리시기(處理時期)가 늦을수록 약해(藥害)는 가벼웠다(15DAT> 8DAT).

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2001

Using maize green- and white-leaf tissue, we have examined the effect of various chemicals on cytoplasmic leakage with respect to the light requirement or chloroplast targeting for their activities. Oxyfluorfen, oxadiazon, diuron, and paraquat, which are known as representative herbicides acting on plant chloroplasts, caused the electrolyte leakage only in the green tissues, whereas 2, 4-dinitrophenol, rose bengal (singlet oxygen producing chemical) and methyl-jasmoante (senscence-stimulating chemical) play a role both in green- and white-tissue. Benzoyl(a) pyrene, generating superoxide radical upon light illumination, functions only in white tissues. Tralkoxydim, metsulfuron-methyl and norflurazon showed no effect in two tested plant samples. In terms of light requirement in electrolyte leakage activity, diuron, oxyfluorfen, oxadiazon, rose bengal, and benzoyl(a) pyrene absolutely require the light for their functions, but other chemicals did not. based on these results, we could classify into four different response types according to whether chemicals require light or chlroplasts for their action. This classification is likely to be applied to simply and rapidly identify the requirement of light and chlroplasts for the actions of chemicals, thereby it makes easy to characterize many new herbicides that their action mechanisms are unclear, and to elucidate the mode of action of them.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.660-666
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• 1998

임신 7일부터 14일사이 paraquat(1,1'-dimethyl-4,4´-bipyridinium, 9m/Kg)를 모체에 경구투여하였을 때 태자와 출생후 흰쥐 위와 소장의 gastrin, somatostatin, gluca-gon, PP, CCK-8 및 serotonin면역반응세포 발생에 미치는 영향을 면역조직화학적으로 검색하였다. Paraquat 처리군의 면역반응세포는 대조군에 비해 늦은 시기의 태자부터 처음 관찰되며 출생전후 면역세포의 분포수도 차이를 보였다. 이로 보아 임신 중 모체를 통해 투여된 paraquat는 장내분비 세포의 분화를 지체시킬 뿐아니라 출생후 위장관의 성숙에도 영향을 줌을 알 수 있다.