• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 1996

갈대방제용 선택성 제초제를 스크리닝하기 위한 대조약제로서의 tetrapion의 특성을 온실 및 포장실험을 통하여 조사하였다. 1. Tetrapion을 처리한 식물은 잎이 휘면서 황화되고 생장이 억제되는 증상을 나타내었는데 처리농도가 높을 때에는 식물체 전체가 고사되었다. 2. Tetrapion은 목화를 제외한 모든 작물에 심한 약해를 일으켰으며 벼에 대해서는 직파 벼나 이앙벼의 경우 모두 약해를 일으켰다. 3. Tetrapion의 효과는 광엽 잡초보다 화본과 잡초에 대해 크게 나타났다. 4. Tetrapion은 경엽처리시보다 토양처리시에 더 우수한 효과를 나타내었다. 5. 포장실험시 tetrapion의 갈대방제효과는 처리시기와 포장의 토성에 따라 큰 차이가 있었으며 40kg/ha 이상의 고농도로 tetrapion을 처리하였을 경우에 갈대가 효과적으로 방제되었다. 이러한 결과는 억새의 경우에서도 유사한 경향이었다. 6. Tetrapion은 온실에서 키운 갈대에 대해 토양 및 경엽처리시 모두 우수한 방제효과를 나타내어 갈대방제용 제초제의 스크리닝에 사용할 수 있는 대조약제로서의 가치가 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2006

The effect of bensulfuron-methyl on the nontargeted cyanobacteria was greater on A. variabillis than N. commune. Both A. variabillis and N. commune were initially able to utilize low concentrations of the herbicide, bensulfuron-methyl, whereas higher concentrations of bensulfuron-methyl or the hydrolyzed products of the herbicide were found to be toxic. Growth and photosynthesis inhibitions of over $50\%$ were observed, when 8 to 10 ppm of the herbicide was applied. Nitrogenase activities of the cyanobacteria were decreased by $94-98\%$ in A. variabillis and by $85-86\%$ in N. commune after 24 h of incubation with 10 ppm and 20 ppm of bensulfuron-methyl. Nitrogenase activities were also inhibited by the addition of ammonium salts as low as 0.05 mM. Furthermore, the toxic effect of the herbicide was the highest at pH 4-6, showing approximately $42-60\%$ toxicity, whereas much lower toxicity $(9-28\%)$ was observed at higher pH of 7-10, due to base-catalyzed hydrolysis of bensulfuron-methyl.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.167-170
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• 2013

This study examined the growth performance and field evaluation of the dual herbicide-resistant transgenic creeping bentgrass plants. The effect of glyphosate treatment on the herbicide resistance of the transgenic creeping bentgrass plants was determined, and the non-transgenic control plant withered at the concentration $11{\mu}g/mL$ or higher whereas the transgenic creeping bentgrass plants survived the treatment at the concentration of $3,000{\mu}g/mL$, and the increase of the plant length was repressed as the glyphosate treatment concentration was increased. At field evaluation, glufosinate-ammonium and glyphosate were simultaneously treated to investigate the weed control effect. The results showed that more than 90% of the weeds withered four week after herbicide treatment, while the transgenic creeping bentgrass plants continued to grow normally. Therefore, the dual herbicide-resistant creeping bentgrass plants may be able to greatly contribute to the efficiency of weed control and to the economic feasibility of mowing in places such as golf courses.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.440-446
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• 1995

제초제 Cyhalofop-butyl을 유효성분으로한 유제, microemulsion, 수화제 및 입제를 제조하여 수도에 대한 약해, 피에 대한 제초효과, 피의 경엽에 대한 부착량 및 흡수량을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 수화제에서는 원제를 액상화할 수 있는 보조제가 첨가되었을때 피에 대한 살초효과가 증가하였으며, 이는 경엽에의 흡수량 증가와 일치하였다. 그러나 수화제 살포 수용액의 피에 대한 부착력과 흡수량은 정확히 일치하지는 않았다. 유제는 수화제 보다 높은 살초 효과와 엽면 흡수량을 보였다. Microemulsion에서는 높은 부착력과 함께 엽면에 대한 흡수량도 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 본 원제에 대해서 입제의 적용성을 검정한 결과 유효성분 부상성 입제의 가능성도 확인할 수 있었으며, 피에 대한 살초 효과도 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2012

The rhizobacterial composition varies according to the soil properties. To test if the effect of herbicides on the rhizobacterial communities of genetically modified NK603 glyphosate-tolerant maize varies according to different soil locations, a comparison was made between the effects of glyphosate (Roundup Plus), a post-emergence applied herbicide, and a pre-emergence applied herbicide (GTZ) versus untreated soil. The potential effect was monitored by direct amplification, cloning, and sequencing of the soil DNA encoding 16S rRNA, and high-throughput DNA pyrosequencing of the bacterial DNA coding for the 16S rRNA hypervariable V6 region. The results obtained using three different methods to analyze the herbicide effect on the rhizobacterial communities of genetically modified NK603 maize were comparable to those previously obtained when glyphosate-tolerant maize was grown in soil with different characteristics. Both herbicides decreased the bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere, with Actinobacteria being the taxonomic group most affected. The results suggest that both herbicides affected the structure of the maize rhizobacterial community, but glyphosate was environmentally less aggressive.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1473-1483
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• 2014

Reports of herbicide resistance events are proliferating worldwide, leading to new cultivation strategies using combinations of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides. We analyzed the impact during a one-year cultivation cycle of several herbicide combinations on the rhizobacterial community of glyphosate-tolerant Bt-maize and compared them to those of the untreated or glyphosate-treated soils. Samples were analyzed using pyrosequencing of the V6 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The sequences obtained were subjected to taxonomic, taxonomy-independent, and phylogeny-based diversity studies, followed by a statistical analysis using principal components analysis and hierarchical clustering with jackknife statistical validation. The resilience of the microbial communities was analyzed by comparing their relative composition at the end of the cultivation cycle. The bacterial communites from soil subjected to a combined treatment with mesotrione plus s-metolachlor followed by glyphosate were not statistically different from those treated with glyphosate or the untreated ones. The use of acetochlor plus terbuthylazine followed by glyphosate, and the use of aclonifen plus isoxaflutole followed by mesotrione clearly affected the resilience of their corresponding bacterial communities. The treatment with pethoxamid followed by glyphosate resulted in an intermediate effect. The use of glyphosate alone seems to be the less aggressive one for bacterial communities. Should a combined treatment be needed, the combination of mesotrione and s-metolachlor shows the next best final resilience. Our results show the relevance of comparative rhizobacterial community studies when novel combined herbicide treatments are deemed necessary to control weed growth.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1999년도 무주 반딧불 축제 기념 세미나
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• pp.21-38
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• 1999

제초제는 현대 농업에서 필수적인 농자재이나 생리활성을 갖기에 비목적대상생물에 대한 위해성을 배제할 수 없다. 제초제의 문제점중 잔류문제는 가장 중요한 부분이며 그중 인간생활과 밀접한 관계를 갖는 토양, 농작물중의 잔류는 더욱 중요하다. 토양과 통작물중 제초제의 잔류유해성은 토양, 기상, 제초제의 사용 및 작물재배 등의 조건에 따라 현저히 변화되나, 현 시점에서 토양중 제초제의 잔류에 대한 문제점은 후작물에 대한 영향과 같은 국부적인 것을 제외하고는 거의 없으며 농작물중 난류 또한 큰 문제가 없는 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 국민건강, 토양생태계를 비롯 환경에 대한 더 높은 안전성 확보를 위하여 제초제에 대한 모니터링실험과 같은 잔류성 조사가 더 많이 요구되며 사용자는 안전사용기준을 준수해야 하겠으며 제초제개발측면에서는 보다 저독성 약제를 개발하는데 최선을 다해야 하겠다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.46-46
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• 1991

Adequate regrowth control of weeds and shrubs has been one of the important problem for pasture establishment by overseeding on reclaimed forest hilly land. This experiment was carried out on sloping shrub land near Anseong, Gyeonggido to evaluate the effects of herbicide application on growth control of native weeds, shrubs and trees. We evaluated 63 different weeds and wood species in the trials, which are grown common in korean forest. Buthidazol and 4 other herbicides (sodium chlorate, glyphosate, U-46 and gramoxone) were sprayed each at two application rates during the period of the most intensive growth, on 20 July 45 days before overseeding of pasture species. Glyphosate and sodium chlorate gave excellant control of growth of all species. However. Uncus effusus, Carex heterostachya, Polygonatum humile, Rubus corchorifolius, Lonicera coeralea and Rhododendron mucronulatum were classified as a tolerant weed and wood species to herbicides. Herbicide buthidazol showed also successive control of regrowth of weeds and wood species. But buthidazol was evaluated as a none available herbicide for use in pasture establishment. because o! their long persist of toxic herbicide residue in soils after treatments. Herbicide U-46 and gramoxone had almost no effect on regrowth of shrubs and tree species

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.76-83
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• 1991

Adequate regrowth control of weeds and shrubs has been one of the important problem for pasture establishment by overseeding on reclaimed forest hilly land. This experiment was carried out on sloping shrub land near Anseong, Gyeonggido to evaluate the effects of herbicide application on growth control of native weeds, shrubs and trees. We evaluated 63 different weeds and wood species in the trials, which are grown common in korean forest. Buthidazol and 4 other herbicides (sodium chlorate, glyphosate, U-46 and gramoxone) were sprayed each at two application rates during the period of the most intensive growth, on 20 July 45 days before overseeding of pasture species. Glyphosate and sodium chlorate gave excellant control of growth of all species. However. Juncus effusus, Carex heterostachya, Polygonatum humile, Rubus corchorifolius, Lonicera coeralea and Rhododendron mucronulatum were classified as a tolerant weed and wood species to herbicides. Herbicide buthidazol showed also successive control of regrowth of weeds and wood species. But buthidazol was evaluated as a none available herbicide for use in pasture establishment. because o! their long persist of toxic herbicide residue in soils after treatments. Herbicide 1:-46 and gramoxone had almost no effect on regrowth of shrubs and tree species.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2001

Three Pseudomonas strains (Bk8, Bk9, Bk10) selected from soil for their ability to degrade herbicide diuron were tested for their heavy metal resistance. The growth of these catabolic strains on a minimal medium with various concentrations of $Cd^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Ni^{2+}$, and $Hg^{2+}$ revealed a minimal effect on the carbon source for the inhibitory effect of the metals. One of these strains, namely, Bk8, exhibited a high resistance to the heavy metals as compared to the two other strains. This strain harbors plasmid pBk8 (110 kb) and contains at least fur determinants encoding heavy metal resistance. Nickel and zinc resistance are encoded by genes located on the chromosome, while cadmium and mercury resistance are on plasmid pBk8. Accordingly, the characteristics of strain Bk8 suggest that it would be useful in the bioremediation of aromatic compounds in the presence of toxic heavy metals as co-contaminants.