• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1186-1196
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aims to analyze recent research on the pharmacological effects of Zingiber officinale. Methods: We searched for papers from databases such as ScienceON, RISS, DBPia, and NaNet. The papers were classified according to pharmacological effects, and the selected studies were analyzed. Results: Six studies were finally included in the study. 1. Four studies mainly focused on the effects of anti-inflammation using in vitro or in vivo experiments. 2. Two studies mainly focused on the effects of antioxidants using in vitro experiments. 3. Other pharmacological effects, including improvement of gastrointestinal function, inhibition of body temperature reduction, and anti-aging, were investigated using in vitro or in vivo studies. Conclusion: This study shows that Z. officinale has several pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammation and antioxidant.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.174-185
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate all postpartum care center in Seoul about its state of doctors' linkage and oriental medical treatment. Methods: From May 1st 2011 to July 10th 2011, survey was done using a selfmade questionnaire by phone or visit. There were 12 categories including the state of doctors' linkage in postpartum care centers, treatment form of oriental medical doctors, utilization of herbal medicine and so on. The data collected was analyzed using Excel 2007 FOR WINDOWS. Results: 1. The doctors' linkage with postpartum centers included pediatricians(96.1%), oriental medicine doctors(61.2%), and gynecologists(34.0%). Of those postpartum centers, 66% had both pediatrician and oriental medical doctor which were the vast majority. 2. Out of 70 postpartum centers providing herbal medicine, 9 of them were supplied of herbal medicine by herb sellers(not doctor). Where as, at 63 oriental medical doctors-affiliated centers, 85.7% of them had oriental medical doctors' examinations. 3. Out of 70 postpartum centers providing herbal medicine, personalized prescription amounted to 35(50.0%), same prescriptions amounted to 34(48.6%), and 1(1.4%) refused to answer. 4. Out of all the patients that received explanation about the effects of herbal medicine, 62.9% had them explained by oriental medical doctors. Conclusions: These findings suggests that oriental medical doctors are actively involved with postpartum care centers but problems surfaced regarding individualized prescription insufficiency and the lack of administration. In the near future, if the expertise expand in the areas of pediatrics as well as obstetrics and gynecology, oriental medicine will have a more solid role in postpartum care part.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Objectives : Korean national health insurance data is a useful real-world data representing whole medical bills submitted to Health Insurance Review Agency. This study aims to understand recent benefit trend of insurance herbal preparations for treating bronchiectasis(disease code J47) utilizing insurance data. Methods : We reviewed national health insurance claims data from 2013 to 2017 which have main diagnosis or sub diagnosis code of J47 and with the record of prescribing insurance herbal medication. Frequency analysis was performed to analyze the most frequently prescribed prescription. Results & Conclusions : Both the number of claims statement(770 to 1,746cases) and patients(266 to 484) of insurance herbal preparations increased considerably from 2013 to 2017. Top 10 preparations based on the number of claims statement were 'Samso-eum', 'Yeonkyopaedok-san', 'Socheongryong-tang', 'Bojungikgi-tang', 'Hyangsapyungwi-san', 'Yijin-tang', 'Saengmaek-san', 'Jaeumganghwa-tang', 'Ojeok-san' and 'Gungha-tang'. Top 10 preparations based on the number of patients were 'Samso-eum', 'Socheongryong-Tang', 'Saengmaek-san', 'Yeonkyopaedok-san', 'Haengso-tang', 'Hyangsapyungwi-san', Yijin-tang', 'Jaeumganghwa-tang', 'Bojungikgi-tang' and 'Hyeonggaeyeongyo-tang' in respectiv order. Claims of top 10 frequent preparations occupied more than 60% of total claims. We hope this finding to be utilized as basic data for future research of evidence-based bronchiectasis treatment utilizing Korean traditional medicine.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-77
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• 2010

Objective : This study reviews the recent trend of oriental medical prescription research. The data examined are the articles published in the Korean Journal of Oriental Medical Prescription from 1990 to 2009. Method : The data are retrieved through the internet database Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS) and the collection of the Korean Journal of Oriental Medical Prescription. The number of articles examined is 385, published in 25 volumes of the journal. This study examines the nature of the articles, research methods, subjects, and author information. Research subjects are sorted out by the OASIS key words for the articles published before 1999, and by key word indexes cited in the abstracts for the articles published sinceafter. Results : Among the 385 articles collected, 206 are research articles, 143 philological articles, 35 case studies, and 1 special contribution. A majority of research articles are experimental studies (199 articles or 96.6%), while clinical reports (5 articles or 2.43%), and others studies (2 articles) occupy a small portion. Most of experimental studies (183 articles or 91%) examine the effectiveness of certain prescriptions or treatments. Among the effectiveness studies, 114 articles (62.3%) employ in vivo experiment design, 52 articles (28.42%) in vitro experiments, and 17 articles (9.29%) both in vivo and in vitro experiments. In terms of research subject, the most frequently indexed key words are hepatotoxicity among diseases (9 articles), Bojungikgitang (Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang) among prescriptions (10 articles), Buja (Acontii Tuber) among meteria medica (4 articles), immunity and anti-oxidation among efficacy terminology (6 articles each), and Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑) among references in the key words (25 articles). Universities are the main affiliation of authors (76.42%), followed by university hospitals (6.71%), non-academic research institutes (5.55%), local clinics (4.67), academic research institutes (2.81%), hospitals (2.38%), and others (1.44%). The most affiliated institute of the first and correspondent authors is Wonkwang University. In terms of authorship, co-authorship outnumbers sole-authorship by 82.08% to 17.92%. The proportion of authors of a single article is 63.54% which is near the author productivity distribution described by Lotka's law.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.153-168
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• 2005

This study was investigated to make sure the range of Lindera Radix' treatment, the nature of disease, the chief virtue of medicine, the pathology and the usage quantity of it in Donguibogam The results were as follows; 1. The Lindera Radix is used in 15 fields which contain the Cerebrovascular Accident chapter. 2. The Lindera Radix is used in 31 pathologies of the cerebral infarction, intracranial hemorrhage, etc. 3. The Lindera Radix is used in a range of the pathology of the C.V.A, eliminating phlegm, stagnated blood, etc. 4. The Lindera Radix is used in a range of $2.4g{\sim}40g$ in herbal-prescription. The main using dosage is 4g. 5. The Lindera Radix is used with various crude herbs in accordance with the pathogeny. The Lindera Radix has been used to reduce the C.V.A, eliminate phlegm and any blocking substances with dampness, to promote sober by sending qi and reduce pain, etc. According to the results, I suggest to use the Lindera Radix in a various pathogenic fields. The Lindera Radix is able to remove not only pathogenic cerebral infarction or intracranial hemorrhage, but also pathogenic phlegm and sputm, etc.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2002

There are total 403 prescriptions containing Radix Scutellariae in Donguibogam and among them, 106 prescriptions treat Radix Scutellariae as a principal medicine. This report describes the study on therapeutic range, symptom, pathology and composition of 106 Radix Scutellariae-main blended Prescriptions from Donguibogam. The frequency and percentage of Radix Scutellariae-main blended prescriptions for the therapeutic range are as follows; cold symptom-complex is the most frequent(11 prescriptions, 10.37%) and gynecology is second(10 prescriptions, 9.43%). The symptoms that Radix Scutellariae-main blended prescriptions are made out for are 70 prescriptions of 28 therapeutic ranges, for example, minor Eum physical appearance, fire of triple burners jaundice, etc. The main pathologies that Radix Scutellariae-main blended prescriptions are being affected by cold, fire triple burners, dampness and heat, wind and heat, heat of heart and lung, heat of liver, heat of spleen, etc. Through the research into the composition of Radix Scutellariae-main blended prescriptions, the kind of medicines and certain rules of compounding medicines centering on Radix Scutellariae are deduced as follows: The main combinations of herbal medicines are Radix Scutellariae and Fructus Gardeniae, Radix Scutellariae and Rhizona Rhei, and Radix Scutellariae, Rhizona coptidis and Fructus Gardeniae. The main combinations of prescriptions are Yihwanghwan(Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Cotidis, Radix Glycyrrhizae), Boanbaekchulsan(Radix Scutellariae. Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae), Sambohwan(Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Cotidis, Cortex Phellodendrj), Samhwangwon(Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Cotidis, Rhizoma Rhei), Hwangryeonhaedoktang(Radix Scutellariae, Cortex Phellodendri, Rhizoma Cotidis. Fructus Gardeniae), Daegumhwahwan(Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Cotidis, Cortex Phellodendri. Rhizoma Rhei). Sanyeolumja(Radix Scutellariae. Rhizoma Cotidis. Radix Osterici koreani. Radix Ledebouriellae), etc.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2004

Chelidonii Herba (CHE, Baek-gul-chae in Korean), which has its original description in Gu-Hwang-Bon-Cho, a classic book of oriental Herbal book, is widely used in the treatment of stomach cancer, jaundice, gasrtic ulcer, edema and stomach pain, in Korea, Japan and China. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of CHE on the nitric oxide (NO) production, iNOS and COX-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide - activated Raw 264.7 cells. After the treatment of CHE, NO production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium, cell viability was measured by MIT assay. COX-2 and iNOS were determined by lmmunoblot analysis. The production of nitric oxide was significantly inhibited by pretreatment (1h) with CHE (0.1-0.3 mg／ml) on LPS-activated Raw264.7 cells. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein were up-regulated by LPS, but the increased levels of iNOS and COX-2 were inhibited by pretreatment of CHE (0.1-0.3 mg／ml), respectively. Thus, the present data suggest that CHE may play an important role in adjunctive therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpretation of the Ondam-tang(Ondam-tang, here-in-after referred to as "ODT") prescription in order to obtain the evidence for clinical applications. Methods : We have analyzed the interpretation on the ODT prescription through translations and comparisons based on classic books about the oriental medical prescriptions. Result : 1. ODT was first mentioned in the Jiyangfang(集驗方) which was quoted in the Waitaimiyao (外臺秘要). After that, in book Sanyinjiyibingzhengfanglun(三因極一病證方論), Chen-yan(陳言) completed and recorded in a book organizing prescriptions of ODT now in frequent use. 2. The Banha(半夏) removes the dam(痰-phlegm) and relieves emesis. The Jinpee(陳皮) encourages strengths, and the Bokryoung composes oneself and produces the water. The Licorice(甘草) relieves people's mind, and the Ginger relieves gastrointestinal problems and relieves emesis. Juk-yeo(竹茹) abate of the fever of the Sangcho(上焦). Jisil(枳實) encourages strength, controlling Samcho(三焦) as releasing the congestion of energy. In these ways, numerous symptoms resulted from the imbalances of the Gallbladder(膽) are treated. 3. Meaning of "on(溫-warm)" in ODT regains the original characteristic of the Gallbladder(膽). 4. Treatment mechanism of ODT is 'cooling the Gallbladder(膽)' and 'remedies Samcho(三焦)' and 'eliminates dam(痰)' and 'cure Kiwool(氣鬱-which is kind of depressions) and Saengyen(生涎-which is kind of phlegm)' and 'removes a mismatch between Gallbladder(膽) and Stomache(胃)'. Conclusion : In this study, we have demonstrated various methodologies. This paper will be useful to the future researchers and clinicians to conduct a study on herbal medicines such as the ODT.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2009

This report carried out to study 59 prescriptions related to the use of Pueraria thunbergiana bentham in Dongueibogam This study is based on Dongueibogam which has been widely used for herbal clinic in Korea. And this study is investigated to make sure of the range of treatment, nature of disease, the pathology and the dosage of Pueraria thunbergiana bentham in Dongueibogam. The following conclusions were reached through investigations on the prescriptions that used in Dongueibogam as a various role. 1. The prescriptions that Pueraria thunbergiana bentham was taken as a 15 for monarchy, 15 for attendant, 11 for assistance and valet herb are utilized for therapeutic treatments such as cough, fever etc, mainly Sanghan syndromes in the chapter of Wind. 2. The Pueraria thunbergiana bentham was also utilized as a key ingradients in the chapter of Eye and Onyeok epidemic. 3. The most frequent mass of the Pueraria thunbergiana bentham when used as a monarchy herb is 2jeon, and the standard limited range of adding Pueraria thunbergiana bentham to medical prescription is 7pun$\sim$5jeon per dose. But, when used as a attendant herb, an typical and regular adding dose is the range of 3pun5ri$\sim$1yang2.5jeon,and 3pun$\sim$1.5jun in the case of assistant. 4. The phathogenic factors and phathology of Pueraria thunbergiana bentham in the prescription are based on the chapter of Cold when used as a monarchy herb and on the chapter of Wind in the case of attendant herb. 5. The Seungmagalgeontang is the most useful base prescription which use the Pueraria thunbergiana bentham as the main ingredient.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.39-51
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• 2009

Objectives : In Korea the practice of folk remedies is widely spread. One of the main uses is the utilization of pumpkin in postpartum edema. While this practice is widely propagated no one could exactly define the evidence of its uses. Therefore we aimed to provide literature evidence of correct prescription in postpartum edema. Methods : As the use of pumpkin in postpartum edema is particular to korea, we revised all the medical book published from the 17th century, the time supposed to have been introduced pumpkin in Korean peninsula. We also researched the prescription mainly used in postpartum edema, and the common main herbal component, succium. As pumpkin and succium is homophony to 'Ho bak' in korean it had the possibility of being misinterpreted. Results : On our literature research we found the precautions of pumpkin to provoke gi-stagnatio and dampness obstruction and that it was restricted while the recovery of all kind of diseases as well as in puerperium. The main reason of postpartum edema is caused by blood stasis which when the blood gains its normal circulation, edema is dispersed by itself. For this propose main prescription was Jogyeongsan調經散 type with its main component succium which medical properties are cited in all medical classics consistently. From the literature of "Juchonsinbang" and "Uibanghapbu" we found three different prescriptions, Hobakgo琥珀膏, Hobakgo胡朴膏, and Namgwago南瓜膏 which contents and their medical proposes were equal. Conclusions : By these finding we could refer that the use of pumpkin in postpartum edema was caused by homophonic reasonal misinterpretation of succinum in korean. This research provides the literature evidence to correct pumpkin's misuse and also the necessity of restriction of the use of even most common products for medical proposes and/or at least the importance of being guided by the experts.