• Mycobiology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2018

Improper disposal of herb residues in China has caused severe problems to the surrounding environment and human safety. Three herb residues, i.e., compound Kushen injection residues (CKI) and part one and part two of Qizhitongluo Capsule residues (QC1 and QC2, respectively), were used for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus. The effect of the supplementation of corncobs (CC) with different herb residues on yield, nutritional composition, and antioxidant activity of P. ostreatus was investigated. Compared to the control, the higher mycelial growth rate was observed on substrates CC +30% CKI and CC +30% QC1, while the higher yield was obtained from substrates CC +30% QC2 and CC +30% CKI. Moreover, chemical analysis of fruit bodies revealed that the addition of herb residues to CC significantly increased proteins, amino acids, ashes, minerals (Na and Ca), and total phenolic contents but significantly reduced carbohydrates and $IC_{50}$ values of DPPH radicals. In addition, no heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and As) were detected in the fruiting bodies harvested from different substrate combinations. These results demonstrated that mixtures of CC with herb residues might be utilized as a novel, practical, and easily available substrate for the cultivation of P. ostreatus, which is beneficial for the effective management of herb residues.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.430-439
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• 2016

한약재 찌꺼기로 제조한 한방보드로부터 방출되는 향기성분을 Tenax 튜브에 흡착시킨 후 TD GC/MS에 의해 동정하고, 온도에 따른 방출특성을 검토하였다. 한방보드로부터 방출되는 휘발성 물질로는 88종이 동정되었다. 온도별로는 $25^{\circ}C$에서 44종, $35^{\circ}C$에서는 55종, $45^{\circ}C$에서는 65종이 검출되었으며, 온도가 상승함에 따라 화합물의 수와 전체피크 면적 모두 증가하였으며, 측정한 모든 온도조건에서 검출된 향기성분은 34종이었다. $25^{\circ}C$에서 검출된 향기성분의 93%, $35^{\circ}C$에서는 92%, $45^{\circ}C$에서는 90%가 Hydrocarbon류의 화합물이었으며, 그 외 Ether류가 약 4%, Ketone, Aldehyde, Acid류의 물질이 소량 검출되었다. Hydrocarbons에는 17종, 11%가 monoterpenes이며, 80%, 39종이 sesquiterpenes이었다. monoterpenes에는 limonene이 가장 많이 검출되었으며, sesquiterpene류의 주요 향기 물질로는 ${\alpha}-curcumene$, zingiberene, ${\beta}-elemene$, ${\beta}-selinene$, ${\alpha}-amorphene$, ${\alpha}-copaene$이었다. 특히 ether화합물인 anethole (3.26%)이 모든 온도에서 비교적 많이 검출되었다. 이상의 결과에서 한약재 찌꺼기로 제조한 한방보드에는 다양한 종류의 향기성분이 다량 포함되어 있으며, 향기성분을 활용한 다양한 제품의 제조에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.614-618
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary medicinal herb residues (MHR) on the growth and body composition of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Two replicate groups of olive flounder with initial mean body weight of $18.7\pm0.3\;g$ were fed 8:2 (raw fish and commercial compound meal ratio)MP diet containing $0\%,\;50\%,\;10\%,\;15\%\;and\;20\%$ MHR for 7 weeks. Weight gain and feed efficiency increased in the $5\%\;and\;10\%$ group as compared to the control group, whereas they decreased in the $15\%\;and\;20\%$ groups. Moisture, crude protein, and crude ash content of the whole body were not significantly different between experimental groups, whereas crude lipid content of the $5\%\;and\;10\%$ groups were significantly higher than that of the $10\%\;and\;20\%$ groups. The results indicate that the addition of $5\%\;and\;10\%$ MHR in 8:2 MP diet can improve growth and feed efficiency, but addition of more than $15\%$ were not effective.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.129-143
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the residue amount of pesticide on the 41 medicinal herbs in Daejeon area. This study was carried out to monitor the current status of pesticide residues in commercial medicinal herbs for sale of food use in 2012. It was performed using GC/ECD, GC/NPD, HPLC to analyze pesticides residues. Residues of 283 pesticides were analyzed by a simultaneous multiresidue method in 41 medicinal herbs being on sale in Daejeon. The medicinal herbs detected pesticides in 10 of 41 cases, showed a detection rate of 24.39%. The medicinal herbs which exceed the maximum residue limit were five cases as Cnidii Rhizoma, Osterici Radix, Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, Zizyphi Fructus and Alismatis Rhizoma. And pesticide residue of Cnidii Rhizoma and Alismatis Rhizoma exceeds the limit standard presented in only medicine use of KFDA. The residual pesticides which had the high detection rate were Chlopyrifos, Tebuconazole and Endosulfan in the detection of medicinal herbs. For further research, standards of Pesticide Residues in medicinal herbs should be added and more research of pesticide residues in medicinal herbs required. And standards of pesticide residues in medicinal herbs should be applied equally as medicines and food.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Most of the herb residue producing from oriental medical clinics(OMC) and hospitals(OMH) is wasted in Korea. To develop of adsorbent for removing heavy metal from wastewater, the various pre-treatment methods of the herb residue were evaluated by potentiometric titration, Freundlich isotherm adsorption test and the kinetic adsorption test. The herb residue was pre-treated for increasing the adsorption capacity by cleaning with distilled water, 0.1 N HCl and 0.1 N NaOH and by heating at $370^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. It showed a typical weak acid-weak base titration curve and a short pH break like commercial activated carbon during photentiometric titration of pre-treated herb residue. The log-log plots in the Freundlich isotherm test were linear on the herb residue pre-treated with NaOH or HCl like commercial activated carbon. The adsorption capacity(qe) in the Freundlich isotherm test for $Cr^{6+}$ was 1.5 times higher in the pre-treated herb residue with HCl than in activated carbon. On the other hand the herb residue pre-treated with NaOH showed the good adsorption capacities for $Pb^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ and $Cd^{2+}$ even though those adsorption capacities were lower than that of activated carbon. In kinetic test, most of heavy metals removed within the first 10 min of contact and then approached to equilibrium with increasing contact time. The removal rate of heavy metals increased with an increase of the amount of adsorbent. Likewise, the removal rates of heavy metals were higher in the herb residue pre-treated with NaOH than in that pre-treated with HCl. The adsorption preference of herb residues pre-treated with NaOH or HCl was $Pb^{2+}>Cu^{2+}$ or $Cd^{2+}>Cr^{6+}$ in the order. Conclusively, the herb residue can be used as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals depending on pr-treatment methods.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.455-458
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• 2000

Research on pesticide residues as endocrine disruptors in natural medicines was initiated by Korea Food & Drug Administration this year. We determined the presence and levels of certain pesticides in selected natural medicines. The natural medicines collected this year are Glycyrrhiza Root, Cinnamon Bark, Pueraria Root, Polygonatum Rhizome, Jujube, Schizandra Fruit, Lycium Fruit, Liriope Tuber, Eucommia Bark, Peony Root, Korean Angelica, Dioscorea Rhizome, Cnidium Rhizome, Cassia Seed, Platycodon Root, Comus Fruit, Mentha Herb, Epimedium Herb, Bupleurum Root, and Ginger, which have no data for pesticide residues and 192 samples of them were circulated in Korea, 28 samples were circulated in China. In order to analyze many pesticides in large number of samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC-ECD, which was followed by GC-MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.911-916
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• 1995

Ionophorous antibiotics have been used popularly for the protection of avian coccidiosis, though Halo-fuginone which is derived from an extract of the Dichroa febrifuga, was developed as an antimalarial and anticoccidial agent. The antibiotics are regarded as the causes of residues in the avian products, therefore the author has tried to find out more safe herbal materials for the control of avian coccidiosis. Thus, the extracts of 5 kinds of herbs, roots of Pulsatilla koreana Nakai and Sophora flavescens Aiton, nuts of Quisqualis indica Linne, whole herbs of Artemisia annua Linne and Polygonum aviculare Linne, were investigated on the efficacy against E tenella. Survival rates, bloody diarrhea, lesion scores, body-weight gains and feed conversion rate were investigated at the 1st and the 2nd week after infection. The bloody diarrhea in the groups treated with P koreana, A annua, Q indica and P aviculare were milder than those in the groups treated with S flavescens and infected control. The lesion score in the groups treat.4 with herb extracts(2.00$\pm$0.82~2.65$\pm$0.89) were lower than those in the control group (2.80$\pm$0.7l). But, there was not significant in all infected groups. The body weight gai in the groups treated with P koreana, S flavescens, A annua and Q indica(291.74$\pm$15.76~303.43$\pm$51.90) were higher than that in the control group (283.71$\pm$16.53) but there was not significant. In a conclusion, analyzing the data of the survival rates, bloody diarrheal symptoms, lesion scores, body weight gains and oocyst excretions, the extract of S flavescens, P koreana, A annua and Q indica were effective. The further research on the above herbal materials will have been carried out by the author and the other researchers by means of the chemical analysis of the components.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 인천광역시에서 유통 중인 한약재의 안전성을 확인하기 위해 24품목의 50건을 대상으로 345종의 잔류농약을 분석하였다. 잔류농약은 미량으로도 인체의 건강에 해를 가할 수 있는 유해 물질로 주의가 필요하다. 기준 규격외 다양한 잔류농약 확인을 위해, QuEChERS법으로 전처리후 분석한 결과, 7품목 24건(48%)의 한약재에서 총 22종의 잔류농약이 검출되었으며, 농약이 검출된 한약재는 천궁, 택사, 당귀, 백지 순으로 많았다. 검출 농약 중 2건을 제외하고는 모두 기준이 설정되어 있지 않은 농약이었으나, 위해 평가 결과 안전한 수준으로 확인되었다. 또한, 동일 품목에서 다빈도로 검출되는 농약을 확인하여, 해당 품목의 지속적인 잔류농약 모니터링의 필요성을 시사하였으며, 대한약전의 전처리법에 따른 비교분석에서도 동일한 농약이 검출되어, QuEChERS법을 이용한 생약의 잔류농약 분석 가능성을 제시하였다. 결과적으로, 소비자 안전을 위해서 기준규격 잔류농약 항목 외에도, 생약에 대한 지속적인 잔류농약 모니터링과 신뢰성 높은 고효율 분석법 개발 연구가 계속 필요할 것이다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2014

국내에 유통되고 있는 국산과 수입산 한약재 11종 116건을 대상으로 잔류이산화황에 대한 모니터링을 수행한 결과 108건(93.1%)은 불검출이었고 6건(5.2%)는 이산화황 허용기준치 30 mg/kg을 초과하였고 2건은 30 mg/kg 미만으로 검출되었다. 116건의 이산화황 평균함량은 $17.6{\pm}144.2mg/kg$이고 최대 검출량은 구기자(1,546.3 mg/kg)이었고 중국산 현호색(66.6%)의 이산화황 검출 빈도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 국내산 한약재는 71건 중 1건(1.4%), 수입산 한약재는 45건 중 7건(15.6%)에서 이산화황이 검출되었고 국내산 1건(36.7 mg/kg)과 수입산 5건(118.1 mg/kg)이 허용기준치를 초과하여 국내산보다 수입산 한약재에 이산화황 잔류량이 많았다. 본 연구를 통해 이산화황 허용기준을 초과하는 부적합율은 다소 낮아지고 있지만 이산화황 허용기준을 초과하는 한약재들 중 일부 한약재에서는 잔류이산화황 함량이 높게 나타났고, 특히 국내산 약재에 비해 수입산 약재는 부적합율이 높게 나왔다. 한약재는 일반적으로 수세 및 가열과정을 거치므로 실제 섭취하는 형태의 탕액에서는 원재료보다 이산화황의 잔류량이 크게 감소하지만 완전히 제거되지는 않으므로 유통되는 한약재의 안전성 확립이 절실히 요구되어진다. 강화된 기준이 정착하여 안전한 한약재가 유통될 수 있도록 수입통관시 특별관리가 요구되며, 보다 적극적인 검사 요주의 품목에 대한 지속적인 잔류이산화황 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the residual contents of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) in commercial medicinal herbs in Korea in 2012. Among a total of 136 samples of 16 different kinds of herbs, 86 samples (15 Kinds) were domestic, and 50 samples (14 Kinds) were imported. Sulfur dioxide in the samples was measured by a modified Monier-Williams method. Of the 136 samples, 17 samples (12.5%, 6 Kinds) failed to meet the regulations for sulfur dioxide residues of KFDA in medicinal herbs. Among 17 unsuitable samples, 7 samples (8.1%, 3 Kinds) were domestic, and 10 samples (20.0%, 6 Kinds) were imported. The highest amount of sulfur dioxide residues was 3,167.94 mg/kg (Lycii Fructus) in the domestic samples. The detection frequency of sulfur dioxide by medicinal herb parts used, Rhizoma 25.7%, Flos 20.0%. Cortex 12.5%, Radix 15.3%, Fructus 7.6%, p-value 0.011. This results will be used as a basic data for the future legislation on the quality estimation and safety of medicinal herbs.