• Development and Reproduction
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2012

Early growth, the rate of yolk sac absorption, and nucleus size in liver parenchymal cells were correlated with the nutritional status of first feeding larval haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus. Larvae that successfully began exogenous feeding maintained high growth rates, delayed yolk sac resorption, and had larger hepatocyte nuclear sizes than starved larvae. At 10 days post hatch (DPH) the cumulative mortality in the starved larval haddock group was 100%. The area of the hepatocyte nuclei in starved larvae gradually decreased, reaching its lowest value by 9 DPH. Our results support the current practice of providing the first food supply at 3 DPH. Hepatocyte nuclear size can be used to assess larval haddock nutrition status, and may be a good criterion for assessing the success of transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.345-352
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• 1998

The effect of starvation on the growth and hepatocyte nuclear size of larval rockfish Sebastes schlegeli and spotted sea bass Lateolabrax sp. were studied. The growth of total length and wet weight in both rockfish and spotted sea bass starved were lower than their control counter-parts. The nuclei sizes of parenchymal cells in the liver of rockfish and spotted sea bass were correlated with the nutritional status of their first-feeding larvae. The result suggested that hepatocyte nuclear size in rockfish and spotted sea bass could be used as an alternative indicator for the identification of starving condition and such karyometry might be criteria for evaluating the successful transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding regime.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.303-307
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• 2006

The effects of starvation on histological changes in hepatocytes and the intestinal epithelium in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were examined. The starved group was not fed for 12 weeks, whereas the fed group was given food. Food deprivation resulted in a significant decrease in hepatocyte nucleus size and nuclear height in the intestinal epithelium (P<0.05). In the starved group, pronounced degenerative changes were seen in the histology of hepatocytes and the intestinal epithelium; the tissue morphology was irregular and the nuclei were stained basophillic, shrunk irregularly, and very compact. These results suggest that histological changes in hepatocytes and the intestinal epithelium can be used as an indicator of starvation in the olive flounder. In addition, the data are interpreted in detail and some biologically important relationships are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.302-303
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• 2006

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.127-134
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• 2015

The influence of triploidization on cell and nucleus size characteristics of the same tissues of erythrocyte, retina, kidney, hepatocyte and midgut epithelium in marine medaka, Oryzias dancena has been determined histologically. Induced triploid fish are produced by cold shock treatments. Likewise, the size of horizontal cell nucleus in inner nuclear layer of retina, ganglion cell nucleus in ganglion cell layer of retina, proximal tubule cell of kidney, hepatocytes and nuclear height of midgut epithelium all appear to be significantly larger than diploid (P<0.05). On the other hand, retina thickness is larger in diploid than induced triploid (P<0.05). Induced triploid shows low density of cell number. Results of this study suggest that same characteristics in the induced triploid exhibiting larger cells and nucleus sizes with fewer number of cells than the diploid can be useful criteria for the distinction between diploid and induced triploid, and also the ploidy level in marine medaka.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2017

The effects of starvation on the growth, survival and hepatocyte nuclear size of the just hatched grass puffer, Takifugu niphobles larvae were studied. The total length of the larvae showed increase up to 3 days after hatching (DAH), however, 3th to 6th DAH, the starved group grew, slower than the fed group, significantly. The body weight of the fed group grass puffer showed increase steadily during experimental period. The body weight of the starved group showed increase until 3th DAH, however, after 3th DAH the growth of body weight showed minute decrease. The survival of starved group decreased more significantly lower than that of the fed group and all the larvae died on the 6th DAH (p < 0.05). The nuclear area of the hepatocytes in the starved group were not significantly different from those of the hepatocyte nuclei in the fed group to 3th DAH, however, the starved group showed histological differences with smaller hepatocyte nuclear size compared with the fed group from the 4th to 6th DAH. Results form this study can be used as an indicator of the nutritional status of grass puffer larvae.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 1998

Variations of hepatocyte in the larval liver of grouper, Epinephelus akaara wre examined to understand the effect of starvation during the first feeding period, 3 to 5 days after hatching. Total length of the fed larvae increased from the 5th day after hatching, although no significant difference between the fed and starved larvae was found untill the 4th day after hatching. Survival rate of the starved larvae decreased from the 4th day after hatching, and almost all of the larvae died by the 5th day after hatching. Nuclear size of hepatocyte in the starved larvae starterd to decrease from the 4th day after hatching. The sizes by 4th and 5th days after hatching in the starved larvae were 1.4 to 1.9 times smaller than those in the fed ones. Hepatocytes in the starved larvae showed irregular morphology in which the nuclei were irregularly shrunk and highly compacted from the 4th day, while hepatocyte nuclei in the fed ones maintained their uniform features during the whole experimental period. These results implied that the initial larval food should be supplied at least within the 4th day after hatching. Also, it suggested that the size of hepatocyte nucleus might be and indicator of starvation for wild and cultured grouper larvae.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1999

The influence of nutritional conditions on the histological changes of hepatocyte and intestinal epithelium as well as hepatosmatic index (HSI), protein, RNA and DNA concentrations of liver of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus was tested. Although, the starved group showed higher concentrations of protein, DNA and RNA than the fed group, food deprivation resulted in a decrease in the HSI, hepatocyte nucleus size and nuclear height of the intestinal epithelium. The RNA-DNA ratio appears to be a useful index of nutritional status in R. oxycephalus and may be useful for determining if R. oxycephalus is in a period of rapid or slow growth at the time of sampling. Additionally, the data have been interpreted in detail and some biologically important relationships discussed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.391-398
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• 2022

Polyploidization is a process by which cells are induced to possess more than two sets of chromosomes. Although polyploidization is not frequent in mammals, it is closely associated with development and differentiation of specific tissues and organs. The liver is one of the mammalian organs that displays ploidy dynamics in physiological homeostasis during its development. The ratio of polyploid hepatocytes increases significantly in response to hepatic injury from aging, viral infection, iron overload, surgical resection, or metabolic overload, such as that from non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs). One of the unique features of NAFLD is the marked heterogeneity of hepatocyte nuclear size, which is strongly associated with an adverse liver-related outcome, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, and liver-related death. Thus, hepatic polyploidization has been suggested as a potential driver in the progression of NAFLDs that are involved in the control of the multiple pathogenicity of the diseases. However, the importance of polyploidy in diverse pathophysiological contexts remains elusive. Recently, several studies reported successful improvement of symptoms of NAFLDs by reducing pathological polyploidy or by controlling cell cycle progression in animal models, suggesting that better understanding the mechanisms of pathological hepatic polyploidy may provide insights into the treatment of hepatic disorders.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 2017

The influence of triploidization on histological characteristics of retina, trunk kidney, liver and midgut tissue, and cell cycle of tail fin and gill tissue in far eastern catfish, Silurus asotus were analyzed. In the infertile triploid fish, the nucleus and/or cell size of secondary proximal tubule cells of trunk kidney, hepatocyte and midgut epithelium are much larger than those of the corresponding cells in the diploid fish (P<0.05). However, triploid tissue showed fewer number of outer nuclear layer in retina and nuclei in secondary proximal tubule of trunk kidney than those for diploid tissue. The mean percentages of the $G_l-$, the S- and the $G_2+M-phase$ fractions were 92.5%, 3.2% and 4.3% in tail fin tissue of diploid, and 93.4%, 2.6% and 4.0% in those of triploid, respectively. There were no significant differences in the percentages of each cell cycle fraction between diploid and triploid. The mean percentages of each phase fractions were 75.1%, 11.1% and 13.8% in gill tissue of diploid and 85.2%, 8.9% and 5.9% in those of triploid, respectively. The differences of cell cycle between tail fin tissue and gill tissue were statistically significant in diploid and triploid (P<0.05). Also, the differences between diploid and triploid were statistically significant in tail fin tissue and gill tissue (P<0.05). Cyclin D1 and cyclin E expressions were not significantly difference between gill tissue and tail fin tissue, and protein expressions of induced triploid were higher than those of diploid. Results from this study suggest that some characteristics in the triploid exhibiting larger cell and nucleus size with fewer number of cell than diploid can be used as an indicator in the identification of triploidization and ploidy level in far eastern catfish.