• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.184-189
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• 2022

Backgrounds/Aims: The soft texture of the pancreas parenchyma may influence the incidence of pancreatic leakage after pancreaticcoduodenectomy (PD). One possible method to assess pancreatic texture and atrophy, is via computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the relation between the preoperative CT scan and the incidence of pancreatic fistula after PD. Methods: A retrospective single-center study including patients who underwent PD for a benign and malignant tumor of the periampullary region between the years 2000 and 2016. Demographic and imaging data were analysed and a correlation with the post-operative leak was evaluated. Results: Pancreatic leak was documented in 34 out of 154 (22.1%) patients. All the leakage cases occurred in the preserved pancreas group (33.1% of the total preserved pancreas group alone). No leak was documented in the atrophic pancreas group. This difference between the two groups was found to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.00001). Conclusions: Atrophic pancreas in the preoperative CT scan may be protective against leakage after PD. These findings may help the surgeon to risk stratify patients accordingly. In addition, the findings suggest that patients with a preserved pancreas may require more protective methods to prevent leakage.

• CELLMED
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.11.1-11.14
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• 2020

Nigella sativa commonly known as Black seed, Black cumin or Kalonji (Family Ranunculaceae) is a widely used for its miraculous healing power. Use of N. sativa seeds and oil has splendid historical past in diverse traditional systems of medicine and food. In Tibb-e-Nabwi (Prophetic Medicine), it is considered as one of the greatest forms of healing medicine. Phytochemically; it contains fixed oil, protein, alkaloids saponin and essential oil. Therapeutic properties of this plant are due to the presence of thymoquinone which is one of major active component and has different beneficial properties. In Unani System of Medicine the diseases are treated with nontoxic herbal drugs. As per Unani classical literature N. sativa perform various pharmacological actions like carminative, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diuretic, emmenagogue, galactagogue, expectorant etc. Ample of phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical researches has been executed on N. sativa., which may include antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulator, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator, hepato-protective, renal protective, gastro-protective, antioxidant properties, etc. This review is an effort to summarize the literature on scientific researches of pharmacognostical characteristics, chemical composition and pharmacological activities of the kalonji seeds

• CELLMED
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.7.1-7.8
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• 2022

The Unani System of Medicine (USM) is one of the traditional systems of medicine that deals with plants. Plants are large source of medicine. JIRJEER (Eruca sativa) is one of the plant origin drugs, has been used for various therapeutic purposes in USM. It contains Erucic acid (major contain), oleic acid, linoleic acid, saturated Fatty acids, Flavonoids, Phenolics, Glucosinolate, Vitamin C and Carotenoids. These active constituents are responsible for their actions described in Unani classical literature such as Muqqawwi-e-bah (Aphrodisiac), Muwallid-e-mani (Spermatomatogenic), Daf-e-sumoom (Antidote), Kasir-e-riyah (Carminative), Jaali (Cleanser/Detergent), Mudirr-e-bawl (Diuretic) wo Mudirr-e-hayd (Emmenogoggue), Muhammir (Rubefacient), Hazim (Digestive), Mulaiyan (Laxative), Muzliq-e-mani (Lubricant), Muddir-e-shir (Galactopoietic), Mufattih-e-Sudad (Deobstruent), Musakhin (Analgesic), Mulattif (Demulcent), Mufattit-i-hasah (Lithotriptic) and whole plant is considered as aphrodisiac. This is a review paper which discusses morphology, pharmacological action, ethno-medicinal and therapeutic uses of this medicinal plant in perspective of Unani medicine. This review has been done through online searches of databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, science direct and hand search for classical textbook available in different libraries. It concluded that JIRJEER (Eruca sativa) is one of the best herbal medicines in treatment of Antiulcer, Antibacterial, Fertility, Hepato-protective, Hyperlipidemic, Antioxidant, Antihypertensive, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-edema, Nephro-protective, Antidiabetic, Antifungal and Anticancer properties.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.231-243
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• 2023

Objectives : Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum is used as a traditional or folk remedy in China to treat arthritis, hepatitis, duodenitis, conjunctivitis, gastritis, and diarrhea. In this study, we aimed to study the hepatocyte protective activity and molecular mechanism of Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum aqueous extract (JGW) using HepG2 hepatocyte cell lines. Methods : HepG2 cells were pretreated with diverse concentrations of JGW, and then the cells were exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) for inducing oxidative stress. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production, glutathione (GSH) concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cell viability were measured to investigate hepato-protective effects of JGW. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK), acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and effects of compound C on cell viability were examined to observe the role of AMPK on JGW-mediated cytoprotection. Results : Pretreatment with JGW (10-300 ㎍/mL) significantly suppressed cytotoxicity induced by tBHP in a concentration dependent manner and reduced the expression of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 proteins related to apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In addition, pretreatment with JGW significantly prevented the increase in H₂O₂ production, GSH depletion, and lower MMP induced by tBHP. Treatment with JGW (30 minutes of incubation and concentrations of 100 and 300 ㎍/mL) increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC and treatment with compound C, a chemical inhibitor of AMPK, inhibited the cytoprotective effect of JGW. Conclusions : Our results demonstrated that JGW may protect hepatocytes from oxidative stress via activation of AMPK.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.194-201
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• 1997

The hepatoprotective activity of six extracts (BE, EE, HH, PS-1, PS-2, KP) from Artimisia iwayomogi was investigated against experimentally produced hepatic damages. Silymarin, DDB and UDCA were used as reference compounds. Treatment with PS-1 extract reduced hepatic demages induced by $CCl_4$, acetaminophen and ANIT but it did not alter ethionine-induced hepatotoxicity In addition, PS-1 extract showed a protective effect against chronic $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity as well as liver regeneration. PS-2 and KP extracts exhibited significant antihepatotoxic effects on D-galactosamine-induced hepatitis. Treatment with EE extract inhibited ethionine-induced fatty liver. These data indicate that the PS-1 extract is the roost hepato-protective constituent and rationalize the traditional use of this plant in hepatobiliary disorders.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.193-196
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• 1997

Matricaria Chammomillal L., Foemiculum Vulgare mill, and Plantago Psylium L. have been screened for their hepato protective activities against liver damge induced by $CCl_4$ intoxication in mice. Hydroalcoholic extractions (2:8) of herbal drugs were concentrated in vacuo and concentrated crude extracts of Matrica Chammomilla L. and Foeniculum Vulgare mill were orally administered at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg. Plantago Psyllium was given at doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg. Liver protective activities of these herbs were determined after administration of $CCl_4$ Liver size, serum enzyme activities, sleeping time, and histopatology of the liver were examined one hour after administration of $CCl_4$. ALT and AST activities, liver weight and sleeping time decreased in groups that received 400 mg/kg of Matricaria Chammomilla L. or Foeniculum Vulgare. Histological investigation showed significant increase in hepatic cell regeneration and reduction in liver injury. The group that received 100 mg/kg Plantago Psylium showed liver protection but protection was not significant in other doses.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.191-199
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• 2021

This study was conducted to improve the useful components and biological activity of Lentinula edodes fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Three LAB strains (Lactobacillus brevis KCCM 11904, L. plantarum KCCM 354469, and L. fermentum KCCM 12116) were inoculated and used for L. edodes hot water extract (10%, 20%, 30%) fermentation. LAB fermentation of L. edodes hot water extracts decreased pH and thus were more acidic than non-fermented L. edodes hot water extract. β-glucan and ergothioneine contents were increased by L. edodes in a concentration-dependent manner. The ergothioneine and β-glucan contents were highest in fermented with 30% L. edodes hot water extract fermented by L. plantarum and L. brevis (40.48 mg/100 g and 13.94%, respectively). The hepato-protective effect of fermented L. edodes hot water extracts by the three LAB were tested using Sprague-Dawley rat primary hepatocytes. In primary hepatocytes obtained following liver injury induced by acetaminophen, fermented L. edodes hot water extracts by the three LAB showed protective effects, as evident by reduction of the aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase liver markers. The collective results indicate that the fermented L. edodes hot water extracts obtained using LAB are potentially valuable in preventing or treating liver disease.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2003

Silybin is the main component of Cardus marianus extracts originated from Silybum marianum and has a hepato-protective effect. It is a water-insoluble compound and poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in very low oral bioavailability(BA). Polymeric mixed-micelle precursor formulation was made to enhance the dissolution rate of silybin, showing the results of pH-independent release profile with increased dissolution. Oral BA of different preparations in rats was evaluated, revealing that the new formulation showed increased BA more than 2-fold and 4-fold compared to the marketed product and Cardus marianus extracts itself, respectively.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.237-242
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• 2005

The Hovenia extracts showed a significant hepato-protective activity against alcohol and CC4-induced hepatotoxicity. Injection of CC4 and alcohol induced liver injury and increased serum GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and GPT (glutamic pyuvic transaminase) levels in injured rats. The ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase)-like and ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase)-like activities in the Hovenia extracts were studied. Their activities in the extracts of Hovenia wood were higher than the extracts of other parts of Hovenia. And then Hovenia wood extracts have high effects on the alcohol and acetealdehyde degradation. The Hovenia extracts were decreased concentration of fusel oil. The ADH-like and ALDH-like activities in the Hovenia wood extract were 1.14 $unit/{\mu}l$, 0.33$unit/{\mu}l$ respectively.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 2005

In this study, the ameliorating effect of soybean embryos on the impact of alcohol consumption was investigated on rat hepatocytes and in reducing total serum cholesterol levels and total serum lipid levels. Liver histology and two clinically important enzyme markers, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), of rats administered with both alcohol and soybean embryo were compared with a control group. The treatment regimen of soybean embryo significantly reduced the serum ALT and AST levels of the subjects, demonstrating the hepato-protective effects of soybean embryo. Electron microscopy indicated that the administration of soybean embryo preserved the important hepatocyte structures and prevented the presence of lipid droplets and secondary lysosomes. Furthermore, total cholesterol and total lipid levels were significantly reduced. These results indicate that treatment with soybean embryo can positively mediate the effects of alcohol on hepatocytes and general liver functions.