• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.268-273
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• 2000

To investigate an effect of the ethanol extract of Lycium chinense(EELC) on the activities of enzymes scavenging oxygen free radicals or detoxicating alcohol. The ground Lycium chinense was extracted with 30% edible ethanol and then diluted with 6% ethanol to contain 2% EELC(w/v). Three different groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats had taken a drink EELC, ethanol(ETH) or water(control), respectively for 2 months. At the end of experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and obtained the following findings. The EELC-treated animals showed the highest activity of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase among three groups. The activities of xanthine oxidase and cytochrome p-450 from EELC treatment group were lower than those from ETH-treated group. However, the activity of superoxide dismutase was higher in the EELC-treated group than the ETH-treated(p<0.005). Furthermore, hepatic alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher in EELC-treated animals than in ETH-treated those. The activity of glutathione S-transferase in liver was appeared the orderly higher value in EELC, ETH and control-treated group. As the result, EELC may affect the reduction of oxygen free radical production and help the detoxication of ethanol.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 1997

The effect of various vegetables commonly consumed by Koreans on the induction of glutathione S-trasferase(GST) activity in mice was assessd. The extract of vegetable dissolved in propylene glycol (5ml/kg body wt.) was administered to ICR female mice 6 to 8 weeks old via gavage during 5 days. The changes of body weight and liver weight of all treated groups were not significantly different compared with control group. Hepatic protein contents of trated groups compared with control group were not significantly different except BHT treated group. The induction of GST activity in liver cytosol of mice was the greatest with broccoli, followed by radish, wild green onion, turnip, and green onion. The induction of GST activity in liver cytosol increased up to 1.5 to 1.8-folds at a dose of 24 g fresh vegetable/mouse. The induction of combination between vegetables was the highest with the combination of broccoli and radish (1.83-fold), followed by that of broccoli and green onion (1.72-fold), and that of broccoli and turnip (1.50-fold).

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.127-132
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• 2005

We investigated whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protects liver against cold ischemic injury using isolated perfused rat liver. Rat livers were preconditioned by 5 minutes of ischemia and 5 minutes of reperfusion and preserved for 30 hours at $4^{\circ}C$ in University of Wisconsin solution. Livers were then reperfused for 120 minutes. Oxygen uptake and bile flow in ischemic livers markedly decreased during reperfusion. These decreases were prevented by IPC. Portal pressure was elevated in cold ischemic and reperfused livers and this elevation was prevented by IPC. Lactate dehydrogenase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities markedly increased during reperfusion. These increases were prevented by IPC. The ratio of reduced glutathione to glutathione disulfide was lower in ischemic livers. This decrease was prevented by IPe. Our findings suggest that IPC protects the liver against the deleterious effect of cold ischemia/reperfusion, and this protection is associated with the reduced oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2009

This study was done to investigate the antioxidative effect of polygoni radix in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose of 45 mg/kg dissolved in citrate buffer. The ethanol extract of Polygoni radix was orally administrated once a day for 7 days. The contents of Total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) were significantly decreased in Polygoni radix treated STZ-sample group compared with to the those of STZ-control group. The hepatic cytosolic activities of glutathione-s-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased, Also the content of glutathione (GSH) was incresaed in Polygoni radix treated STZ-sample group compared with to the those of STZ-control group. but the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the hepatic cytosolic activity of Catalase (CAT) were decreaed but not statistical significant. These results indicated that ethanol extract of polygoni radix was effective for the antidxidative in the STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1989

홍삼 및 수삼이 랫트의 간조직에서 diethylnitrosamine(DEN)에 의해 유도되는 preneoplastic altered foci 형성에 미치는 영향을 관찰한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Altered foci의 지표로 사용되는 glutathione S-transferase (GST-P)-positive foci의 숫자는 DEN 단독투여군($9.07{\pm}5.69$)에 비하여 수삼병행 투여군 ($4.77{\pm}3.23$)에서, 면적은 DEN 단독투여군($0.93{\pm}0.65$)에 비하여 홍삼병행투여군 ($0.50{\pm}0.31$)에서 각각 현저한 감소를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 홍삼 및 수삼이 간암 발생을 억제하는 작용이 있음을 암시하였다.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 1992

The effects of scoparone, one of coumarin derivative on the hepatic bromobenzene metabolizing enzyme system was estimated in rats. Scoparone pretreatment revealed dose-dependently the recovery of decrease in epoxide hydrolase activity due to the bromobenzene(310 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment. And also scoparone and scopoletin (each 5mg/kg, p.o.) pretreatments showed two times increase in the $V_{max}$ values compared to those of bromobenzene-treated group which were calculated from tripartite reciprocal plots. The mode of protective effect of scoparone against bromobenzene induced toxicity is considered to be due to the induction of microsomal enzyme activity by scopoletin, the intermediate metabolite of scoparone. The changes in cytochrome P-450 activity, aminopyrine N-demethylation, aniline hydroxylation and glutathione S-transferation in scoparone-treated group were not significantly different from those of the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 1991

The present study was undertaken in order to elucidate the effects of pretreatment with nicotinamide on changes in the hepatic metabolizing enzyme system inducted by streptozotocin (STZ). In rats, STZ(50mg/kg) administered by tail vein caused a significant rise in hepatic aniline hydroxylase and a decrease in aminopyrine N-demethylase when compared to control (p<0.05). Pretreatment with nicotinamice inhibited these effects (p<0.05). Similarly, STZ induced changes in hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 activity were inhibited by pretreatment with nicotinamide (p<0.05). However, changes in UDP-glucuronyl transferase and sulfortransferase activity were not significantly different(p>0.05). Pretreatment with nicotinamide also prevented STZ induced increases in glutathion S-tranferase activity when compared to the control(p<0.05). There results suggest that nicotinamide pretreatment suppresses STZ-induced changes in the hepatic metabolizing enzyme system.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 1998

The effect of dietary capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide, CAP) on drug-metabolizing enzyme activities was investigated in mice. Male ICR mice were divided into 4 groups and fed diets containing 0, 5, 20, 100 ppm CAP for 4 seeks. Hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminease activities were measured. There was no difference in hepatic alanine aminotransferse and aspartate transaminase activities among the groups. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 in CAP fed groups, but p-nitrophenol hydroxylase and the cytosolic acitivity of glutathione S-transferase activities were decreased in the dietary CAP supplemetned groups compared to the control. These results suggest that the dietary CAP at a low dose differentially modulates drug-metabolizing enzyme acitvities without causing hepatic toxicity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.442-450
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 2-AAF injection time on hepatic lipid peroxide metabolism and cytochrome P450 content in Sprague-Dawley rats fed diets containing high amounts of vegetable oils or animal fats(15%, w/w). Fifty mg of 2-AAF/kg of body weight/day was injected in PEG 300 intraperitonially for 3 consecutive days after 4 or 8 weeks to rats fed corn oil(CO) or lard(LA) diet. The contents of lipid peroxide and cytochrome P450, and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-peroxidase) and glutathione S-transferase(GSH-S-transferase) were determined in hepatic microsomal or cytosolic fraction. Microsomal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) and cytochrome P450 contents increased in Co group injected 2-AAF after 4weeks. Cytosolic SOD activity increased in CO group injected 2-AAF after 4 weeks and in LA group injected 2-AAF after 4 or 8 weeks. Cytosolic GSH-S-transferase activity increased in LA group compared to CO group without 2-AAF injection. GSH-S-transferase activity increased in CO group injected 2-AAF after 4 or 8 weeks and in LA group injected 2-AAF after 4 weeks. Therefore, it may be suggested that 2-AAF injection increase the contents of lipid peroxide or cytochrome P450, and detoxifying enzyme activities in rats fed CO diet for short period and in rats fed LA diet for longer period.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.296-301
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• 2004

Previously, a flavonoid fraction, which consisted mainly of protocatechuic acid, fustin, fisetin, sulfuretin, and butein, here named RCMF $({\underline{R}}VS\;{\underline{c}}hloroform-{\underline{m}}ethanol\;{\underline{f}}raction)$, was prepared from a crude acetone extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) which is traditionally used as a food additive and as an herbal medicine. In this study, we evaluated the effects of RCMF on the antioxidant defense system using embryonic normal hepatic cell line (BNL CL.2) and its SV40-mediated transformed cell line (BNL SV A.8). This study demonstrates that RCMF selectively stimulated the antioxidant defense system of normal cells, as BNL CL.2 cells proved to be more sensitive to RCMF-mediated increases of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione reductase than BNL SV A.8 cells. In particular, RCMF caused a significant increase in the malonaldehyde content of BNL SV A.8 cells, which is believed to be closely associated with cytotoxicity of RCMF and RCMF-mediated growth inhibition. Collectively, our findings suggest that the flavonoid fraction, RCMF, selectively stimulates the antioxidant defense system in normal rather than hepatic tumor cells.