• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.62-69
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate naturalness of botanical garden pre- and post-assessed according to the Hemeroby Index in the case study of Daegok Botanical Garden. The results of the study are as follows. 1) The results of the site analysis according to the Hemeroby Index before development have been appeared that highest of poly/meta-hemeroby is 45.8% and the next of meso-hemeroby is 28.3%. 2) After development, the highest of meso-hemeroby is 53.6% and the next of $\alpha$ -euhemeroby is 28.3%. Generally, it is considered that the naturalness according to Hemeroby Indx was lasted higher after development than that before development. 3) Both a-hemeroby and oligo-hemeroby are not appeared before and after development. $\alpha$ -euhemeroby and meta-hemeroby are not appeared before development, but htey increased as much as 16.8% and 6.8% after development. Most of all, the increase of meta-hemeroby after development results from the increase of the artificial facilities (e.g. pavements, buildings and so on). 4) Specially, through the modification of play ground, park lot, pavement classified to meta-hemeroby, it is considered that the Hemeroby Index would be improved. 5) Compared with existing naturalness grade of green space, it has merits to apply Hemeroby Index, especially as a menas of distinguised naturalness assessment in various land use pattern. But there is no clear evidence that limits the minimum size that could be applied with Hemeroby Index. So, we must discuss whether it was useful to apply this standard to such a small specific space as the site of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.32-41
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to assess naturalness of each and use type for Daegu and provide the basic data for urban green space planning. The results are as follows: 1) As a result of periodic analysis, It is known that in the 1400´s that the rate of a-/oligo-/meso-hemeroby was over 90% of that area, in which naturalness was very high. By the 2020´s, the population will increase to about 3,500,000 and the occupation rae of meat-and poly-hemeroby, where naturalness is very low, is expected to increase rapidly. 2) The recent land uses of Daegu are divided ito 17 types. In the survey of a occupation rate of each land use type, a forest are occupies 48.8% of the entire area. The military installation zone is lowest with 0.07%. 3) Investigation of a dominant hemeroby grade in each land use type showed that the urban complex area in characterized by meta-hemeroby : and the space for pavement and building construction where naturalness is lowest. On the other hand, oligo-hemeroby that is worth being preserved was surveyed to be dominant in woodlands and natural forests. 4) In the analysis of hemeroby mapping in the process of a green space planning, it is clear that hemeroby will be used a s a tool that assesses the suitability for recreation activity of each sample case. For example, it enables a poly-hemeroby region to be utilized as a near-natural recreation area including $\beta$-and $\alpha$-euhemeroby region in Daegu. Besides, hemeroby can provide basic data to make a value judgement of each sample case with a view to preservation of nature.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.253-258
• /
• 1998

It is common in foreign countries to make a compensative plan for environmental destruction which is caused by development action even in where development is permitted. But, in Korea, environmental plan was regarded as just meeting the legal standard of green area in site development. This study focused on the case of university project, LG village plan, is to evaluate the environment of the site using Hemeroby and suggested restoration plan in compensation for the destructive. The site was a huge development area of apartment located in Suwon. First of all, we evaluated the site using Hemeroby and compared this with LG village plan. Then, we made a compensative plan for the environmental destruction which was not compensated in LG village plan. The results were as follows; $\beta$-/$\alpha$-euhemeroby of the Site was 80.1% before the development and, after the development, $\beta$-/$\alpha$-euhemeroby of the site dropped to 43.7％ and meta-hemeroby increased from 56.3% to 17％. Therefore, we could accept the buildings of LG village development plan and suggested a compensative plan with which we could raise $\beta$-/$\alpha$-euhemeroby like restoring the river, greening parking-lots and rooftops, revegetating cut slope.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.126-131
• /
• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.89-100
• /
• 2021

This study evaluated the degree of interaction between the people and the environment using perceived naturalness measure. The seventh-grade index of Hemeroby was divided into subclasses of land cover according to degrees of human influence. The grade was standardized for each indicator to evaluate the current state of urban parks in Seoul by applying probability density function and weight. User evaluation was conducted on six distinctive parks selected. In the results, three implications were found between spatial evaluation according to the perceived naturalness. First, park users evaluated highly for the spaces such as broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest and mixed forest evaluated highly in the Hemeroby grade index. Park users generally recognized that various types of trees in the area had high naturalness. The density of trees is one of the factors in perceived naturalness. Second, water spaces were highly evaluated for naturalness in the Hemeroby grade index. However, the perceived naturalness of water spaces such as inland wetlands, pond and reservoir evaluated in various ways depending on environmental conditions around the park. Third, perceived naturalness is easily evaluated through vertical landscape elements such as trees rather than horizontal landscapes such as grassland. The perceived naturalness is similar to the naturalness evaluation using land cover. However the study found the perceived naturalness for a specific space was different from the Hemeroby index. Perceived naturalness by the user includes the content that the individual sees, hears, and experiences. Park users are usually structuring naturalness through evaluating the value of urban green spaces based on personal perception. Therefore there is no absolute standard criterion for evaluating the naturalness of urban green spaces. A deeper study is needed that considers user bundles or user groups with conflicting interests on the perceived naturalness in urban parks. These studies will be essential data on the direction of naturalness urban park service should provide.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.92-106
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to identify land use types and to develop and evaluate biotope maps for Gangseo-Gu (ward) in Busan Metropolitan City, South Korea, using the Degree of Hemeroby. Hemeroby is a measurement concept or tool to assess the magnitude of human impact on ecosystems. Gangseo-Gu is the second largest Gu in Busan and is under strong development pressure. Before the field survey, biotopes were pre-classified based on digital maps, aerial photos and high-resolution satellite images. The method employed in biotope survey and mapping was adopted from the modified method used in Seoul, which carried out the first biotope mapping in Korea in 2000. In the field survey, a comprehensive biotope mapping method was used. The results showed that the total surface area of biotopes in Gangseo-gu was $172,620,207m^2$(42,655 acres) and there were 29 biotope types with 13,631 polygons. The ratio of urban or built-up area 22.6% and the remaining areas were forest and open spaces, of which 22.6% were actual forest areas and 35.6% were paddy fields and other field areas. The Hemeroby Index of Gangseo-gu was 54.7, which suggests that Gangseo-gu has not yet been developed extensively and needs a long-term conservation and coordinated development plan.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.303-313
• /
• 1997

A new evaluation technique, i.e. multicriterion matrix technique, on the vegetation assessment was proposed and compared with several techniques having been previously used in the environmental impact assessment. Four criterias and 10 subcriterias were selected for two evaluation indices such as vegetation naturalness value and vegetation class. These criterias were characterized by syntaxonomical informations of hemeroby concept and potential vegetation, hierarchical system between criterias, and ordinal scale of vegetation naturalness valuse. Vegetation naturalness values were classified into 11 ordinal levels and condensed to five vegetation classes for facilitating practical use. In the example study two sites were compared by using two indices. This technique could have useful applications for ssessment of regional vegetation. A vegetation map of naturalness described by combination of two indices was proposed in order to illustrate regional vegetation naturalness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
• /
• 2022.10a
• /
• pp.81-83
• /
• 2022

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.69-84
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted as a basic data for the management of the Uiseong Traditional Irrigation Agricultural System by identifying plant diversity and distribution characteristics. The total number of plant taxa was identified as 88 families, 250 genera, 368 species, 7 subspecies, 9 varieties and 384 taxa. In the case of life form, the domancy form was in the therophytes(th), the radicoid form was a R₅(monophyte), the disseminule form was the gravity D₄(having no special modification for dissemination), and the growth form was the erect form was high. The number of plant taxa by land use type was higher in mountainoustype reservoirs and plain type reservoirs than other land use types. The distribution of plants by land use type according to the hemeroby grade was plantation in the case of 3 grade(meso-hemeroby) forests, and the understory were mainly photophilic plants. With 4 grade(β-euhemeroby), traditional cemetery, plain type reservoirs, mountainoustype reservoirs, stream, and rice terraces are areas with relatively low intensive management and have a wide variety of flora, whereas 5 grade(α-euhemeroby) orchard were mainly distributed with ruderal plant due to high intensive management. As for the number of plant taxa by reservoirs, the Wisgol pond in the case of plain type reservoirs, Ungok pond was high in mountainous type reservoirs. The protected species were rare plants 2 classification groups of Vulnerable(VU) species, 4 classification groups of Least Concrned(LC) species, 1 classification group of Data Deficient(DD) species, 5 classification groups of Korean endemic plants, and 49 classification groups of invasive alien plants, and the total naturalization index was 12.2%.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
• /
• 1997.10a
• /
• pp.42-57
• /
• 1997

The multicriterion matrix technique (MM-technique) was proposed for a method of monitoring and assessment about vegetation naturalness. Four criteria and 10 subcriteria were selected and two evaluation indices such as VN-value and VN-class were used. The criteria were characterized by syntaxonomical informations of hemeroby concept and potential natural vegetation, hierarchical system between criteria, and ordinal scale of VN-values. VN-values were classified into 11 ordinal levels and condensed to five VN-classes for facilitating practical use. A vegetation map of naturalness described by combination o( two indices was proposed as an alternative resolution of the DGN map. We also discuss the organization of the map content which is a matter of grid size (unit-area). In the case study, a grid size proper to show a full account of real information of actual vegetation is less 250-grid (250 $\times$ 250 $m^2$) in a medium size of city area containing relatively fragmented ecosystems. In conclusion, it was recognized that this new assessment technique was useful and vegetation assessment was accomplished with the smaller grid size in Korea.