• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.441-449
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• 2022

In this study, we investigate the physiological response of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus and Japanese croaker, Nibea japonica, on a series of rising water temperatures (WT). At 1, 9, and 17 days, WT increased from 23℃ (control) to 26, 29 and 32℃ within 6 hours, respectively, and then maintained for 96 hours. At 5, 13, and 21 days, WT decreased from each WT to 23℃ within 6 hours and was maintained at 23℃ for 96 hours. Blood were collected at 0, 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, and 60 days. In both species, hematocrit, red blood cell and hemoglobin of stressed groups were lower than non-stressed group at 13 days. The osmolality of stressed group was lower than non-stressed group at 21 and 60 days. In olive flounder, hemoglobin of stressed groups was lower than non-stressed group at 21 and 60 days, respectively, but osmolality of stressed group was higher than non-stressed group at 9 days. In Japanese croaker, hematocrit, red blood cell and hemoglobin of stressed groups were higher than non-stressed group at 21 and 60 days, respectively, and osmolality of stressed group was higher than that of non-stressed group at 1 day. At 1, 17, and 21 days, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of stressed group were higher than non-stressed group in olive flounder. In Japanese croaker, AST and ALT of stressed group was lower than non-stressed group at 17, 21, and 60 days. The cortisol of olive flounder increased with increasing WT, but those of Japanese croaker increased with decreasing WT. In both species, the glucose increased with increasing WT. After changing WT, lactic acid of olive flounder and Japanese croaker were not significantly different. The physiological response of olive flounder increased directly to the increase in WT, and Japanese croaker contrasted with olive flounder.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

Objectives : To evaluate the safety of KOB, a polyherbal medicine for allergic rhinitis, we conducted a subchronic toxicology study. Methods : Dried extract of KOB(Lot. No. 11003, yield : 41.1%) was prepared from GLP company (Hanpoong Pharm & Food Co., Ltd). KOB was repeatedly administrated orally of male SD rats at daily dose levels of 500 (G2), 1250 (G3) and 5000 (G4) mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. We recorded the clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, food intake/consumption, optometry, urine analysis, organ weights, hematology, and conducted serum biochemical analysis, necropsy, gross and histological changes in target organs of Sprague-Dawley rats, and clinical chemistry analysis. Results : Neither death nor any toxicological signs were obserbed in KOB at all doses of 500, 1250 and 5000 mg/kg/day during the administration period for thirteen-week. Furthermore, there was no difference in body weight and food-take consumption, optometry, necropsy, organ weight, gross pathological findings, and urine analysis among the groups of rats treated with different doses of KOB, during at the observation period for thirteen-week. The hematological analysis and clinical blood chemistry data were revealed no toxic effects from repeated-dose administration of KOB in rats during the observation period. Conclusions : Based on these results, the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) of KOB was considered to be 5000 mg/kg/day for male rats under these study conditions.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.397-403
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• 2022

Smilax sieboldii is one of the Smilax species. A number of Smilax plants have long been used in traditional medicine in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. Repeated dose oral toxicity test is an essential experiment for toxicity evaluation before efficacy evaluation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate toxicity and the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) using oral administration of Smilax sieboldii extract (SSE) in male and female ICR mice for 4 weeks. SSE was orally administered daily for 4 weeks at a dose of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day (MPK). There were no significant differences in mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, food intake, hematological analysis, serum clinical chemistry test and relative organ weights in all animals administrated with SSE. The results obtained in this study suggest that SSE did not show any toxic effect in ICR mice and the NOAEL of SSE was regarded as over 2000 MPK.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.147-158
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• 2024

Hepatic fibrosis refers to the scarring of liver tissue, often resulting from chronic liver injury or inflammation. It is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, impairing liver function and potentially progressing to cirrhosis if left untreated. To improve the liver functions, Cordyceps militaris, a species of parasitic fungus known for its medicinal properties, is used in the form of extract. It has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine to boost energy, improve stamina, and support overall health. In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of Cordyceps militaris extract powder in a liver injury model induced by hepatic fibrosis. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were administered Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) to induce liver injury, and the hepatoprotective effects of Cordyceps militaris extract powder intake were assessed by comparing changes in liver enzyme levels and histological observations. Rats injected with DMN were orally administered Cordyceps militaris extract powder at doses of 0, 125, 250, and 500 mg·kg^-1·day^-1 for three weeks. After three weeks of treatment, no significant differences were observed in hematological, clinical chemical, organ weight, gross examination, or microscopic examination between the DMN-alone group and the Cordyceps militaris extract powder-treated group. In conclusion, hepatoprotective effects against DMN-induced liver injury in SD rats treated with Cordyceps militaris extract powder were not observed under this study condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1606-1610
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• 2004

This study was. conducted to investigate the effects of $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid supplementation on growth. performance, nutrient digestibility and hematological changes in weaned pigs. Seventy five Duroc${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$ Landrace pigs (7.21$\pm$0.02 kg average BW) were used in a 20 d growth assay. Dietary treatments included 1) NC (negative control; basal diet), 2) PC (positive control; NC diet + 0.1% Apramycin + 0.1% Oxytetracycline), 3) ALA0.l (NC diet+0.l% $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid), 4) ALA0.2 (NC diet+0.2% $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid) and 5) ALA + AB (PC diet+0.2% $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid). In entire experimental period, ADG (Average Daily Gain) was greater in pigs fed ALA + AB diet than in pigs fed NC diet (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in ADG for pigs fed PC, ALA0.l or ALA0.2 diets. Also, ADFI (Average Daily Feed Intake) and G/F (Gain/Feed) were not affected by treatments. For 20 d, fecal digestibilities of DM (Dry Matter) and N (Nitrogen) were higher (p<0.05) for pigs fed ALA + AB diet than for pigs fed NC and ALA0.l diets. Total protein concentration of serum was increased in ALA + AB treatment compared to NC and PC treatments (p<0.05). In iron concentration of serum, pigs fed $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid supplementation diets were greater than for pigs fed NC and PC diets (p<0.05). TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity) concentration of serum was increased in ALA + AB treatment compared to NC, PC and ALA0.l treatments (p<0.05). Pigs fed ALA + AB and ALA0.2 diets were higher hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) concentration of blood than pigs fed NC and PC diets (p<0.05). RBC and WEC concentrations of blood were significantly higher (p<0.05) for the pigs fed ALA0.2 and ALA + AB diets than for pigs fed NC diet. Lymphocyte concentration of blood was increased in $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid supplementation treatment compared to NC treatment (p<0.05). In conclusion, $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid supplementation for weanling pigs had improved growth performance and nutrient digestibilities and had increased total protein, iron, hemoglobin and lymphocyte concentration of blood. Also, feeding for dietary $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid and antibiotic mixture supplementation may have more higher effective growth performance in weanling pigs.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2017

Although water is an essential component of the human body and is involved in many physiological processes, the effect of a steady and sufficient water intake on blood components has not well elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the changes in hematological parameters, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) after water intake in 13 healthy adults. They were divided into two groups: The control group (N=4), which consumed water ad libitum, and the experimental group (N=9), which consumed 2 L of water per day. Two weeks later, blood cell counts, hematocrit, and hemoglobin content had increased in the experimental group, although not significantly (p>0.05); however, there was a significant increase in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p<0.05; and p<0.01, respectively), and a significant decrease in the mean platelet volume (MPV) (p<0.05). Of the immunologic parameters, a non-significant decrease in the concentration of hs-CRP, an indicator of cardiovascular disease risk, was observed (p>0.05). However, there was a dramatic and significant increase in the concentration of IgG (p<0.05). In conclusion, a steady and sufficient water intake may contribute to alleviate anemia by increasing hemoglobin. Additionally, it may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease by decreasing platelet activation and concentration of hs-CRP. Furthermore, a steady intake of water may improve immune function by increasing the concentration of the components of humoral immunity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of Meles meles oil as an functional resource. To assess the effects of Meles meles oil in 25 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (DM) persons, we examined changes of fat intake level, hematological and chemical variables, serum DM indices and lipid contents during the Meles meles oil supplementation. Polyunsaturated fatty acid and $\omega$3 fatty acid intake were significantly increased by Meles meles oil intakes. The levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly decreased while HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased. Iron status improved during Meles meles oil intakes. These results show that modest dose of Meles meles oil supplementation can decrease serum triglyceride, cholesterol level without any changes in blood glucose level in NIDDM patients. These results indicated that Meles meles oil diet is effective therapeutic regimen for the control of metabolic derangements in diabetes mellitus. Also, these results imply that Meles meles oil can be used as possible food resources and functional food materials. However, large amounts of Meles meles oil should be used cautiously in NIDDM patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.755-762
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• 2020

This study is desinged to examine the effects of Taheebo(Tabebuia avellanedae) extract on the prostate of male rats as a natural radiation protection agent. Taheebo extract is well known to inhibit cell growth for the cell lines of breast and prostate cancer. In this study, the X-ray 7 Gy was irradiated in the prostate of male rat to identify radiation protection effects by Taheebo Extracts, 1, 7, and 21 Days later, hematological changes, external toxicity assessments(LDH), antioxidant enzyme(SOD) activity changes and tissue change were observed. IR+TH group showed greater lymphocyte levels than the irradiation group, which is believed to affect the hematopoietic immune system's resilience. As a results of the external toxicity assessment, Taheebo extract's toxicity is maximum 18.128±5.16%, minimum 13.6945±4.43%. Taheebo is considered to be of little toxicity. The composition of prostate cell nuclei and cytoplasm in Control and TH group was honogeneous, whereas the cell nucleus cohesion in the prostate in irradiation group and inflammatory reactions in cytoplasm were shown. IR+TH group showed less inflammatory reactions of cytoplasm in the prostate than in the radiation irradiation group, but showed a cohesive phenomenon of cell nuclei. It is judged that Taheebo extract has radiation protection against prostate cells.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2006

Changes in hematology and serum biochemistry after treatment of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO, HM10760) were screened in 4 male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Four monkeys, composed of a treatment group of HM10760 and a positive control group of $Aranesp^(R}$, were subcutaneously administered at same dose of $100{\mu}g/kg$. Both groups did not show any change in body weights and food consumption for 4 weeks compared with those of pretreatment. Both groups did not show any change in total leukocyte count (WBC) and platelet count, while both groups showed increased platelet distribution width (PDW) percentage in HM10760 group during a period from day 5 to day 59 and in $Aranesp^(R}$ group during a period from day 9 to day 26. Both groups showed increases in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT) approximately 10 days after treatment compared with those of pretreatment (day 0). The increased levels of RBC, HGB, and HCT were much higher in HM10760 than in $Aranesp^(R}$ by the increases of $3.2%{\sim}12.5%$ for RBC, $3.8%{\sim}17.1%$ for HCT, and $1.85%{\sim}11%$ for HGB. Both groups showed increases in red cells distribution width (RDW) and reticulocyte (RET) compared with those of pretreatment, showing the highest peak from day 9. The increased level of RET lasted up to day 14 in $Aranesp^(R}$ group, while it lasted up to day 23 in HM10760 group. The increased level of RDW lasted up to day 59, it was much higher in HM10760 by the increase of $10.1%{\sim}17.6%$ than in $Aranesp^(R}$ group. In serum biochemistry, both groups showed a decrease in chloride level compared with those of pretreatment. These findings indicated that HM10760 increased RBC, HGB, HCT, RDW, and RET compared with those of pretreatment, and the increased levels were much higher in HM10760 than in $Aranesp^(R}$.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.736-742
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the inhibiting and repairing effects of Bojung-ikki-tang Gamibang(BI-G) on the bone marrow injuries in rats. Bone marrow injury was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide(CP)(150mg/kg). In experiment I, designed for inhibiting effect, extract of BI-G(80mg) was administrated from pre-5 days to post-5 days of CP injection. In experiment II, designed for repairing effect, extract of BI-G(80mg) was administrated after 5 days to 12 days of CP injection. Hematological and histopathological examinations were performed at 5 days after CP injection in experiment I, and at 12 days after CP injection in experiment II. In experiment I, the results were as follows ; RBC(${\times}10^6/{\mu}l$) of BI-G treated group$(8.39{\pm}0.84)$ was increased significantly compared with control group$(7.52{\pm}7.67)$. Hemoglobin(g/dl) of BI-G treated group$(13.76{\pm}1.20)$ was increased significantly compared with control group$(12.24{\pm}1.11)$. WBC(${\times}10^3/{\mu}l$) of BI-G treated group$(1.75{\pm}0.41)$ was increased significantly compared with control group$(0.55{\pm}0.17)$. Necrotic changes of myeloid cells of BI-G treated group were less severe than those of control group. Histopathologically, distention of sinus and edematous changes of bone marrow of BI-G treated group were alleviated compared with those of control group. In experiment II, the results were as follows ; WBC(${\times}10^3/{\mu}l$) of BI-G treated group(4.27 0.94) was increased significantly compared with control group$(3.02{\pm}0.79)$. Hemoglobin(g/dl) of BI-G treated group$(12.61{\pm}0.85)$ was increased significantly compared with control group$(11.49{\pm}0.74)$. Platelets(${\times}10^3/{\mu}l$) of BI-G treated group$(1885{\pm}133)$ was increased significantly compared with control group$(1616{\pm}251)$. These results indicated that Bojung-ikki-tang Gamibang has the inhibiting and repairing effects on the cyclophosphamide-induced bone marrow injuries in rats.