• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2018

A high-order nonlocal strain gradient model is developed for wave propagation analysis of porous FG nanoplates resting on a gradient hybrid foundation in thermal environment, for the first time. Material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent and graded in the nanoplate thickness direction. To consider the thermal effects, uniform, linear, nonlinear, exponential, and sinusoidal temperature distributions are considered for temperature-dependent FG material properties. On the basis of the refined-higher order shear deformation plate theory (R-HSDT) in conjunction with the bi-Helmholtz nonlocal strain gradient theory (B-H NSGT), Hamilton's principle is used to derive the equations of wave motion. Then the dispersion relation between frequency and wave number is solved analytically. The influences of various parameters (such as temperature rise, volume fraction index, porosity volume fraction, lower and higher order nonlocal parameters, material characteristic parameter, foundations components, and wave number) on the wave propagation behaviors of porous FG nanoplates are investigated in detail.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제36회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.35-38
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 액체로켓엔진에서 발생되는 고주파 연소불안정 문제를 제어하기 위한 수동제어 장치인 헬름홀쯔 음향공의 형상변화에 따른 음향공의 감쇠 특성에 대하여 연구하였다. 오리피스의 지름과 길이가 일정한 헬름홀쯔 형상 음향공의 지름을 점차 줄여 음향공의 형상이 헬름홀쯔 음향공의 오리피스 지름과 같은 지름을 가진 쿼터웨이브 형상으로 변화 할 때 각 단계별 튜닝되는 음향공의 부피는 작아지지만 그에 따른 음향공의 음향 감쇠 효과는 거의 일정하다는 것을 상온 음향실험과 수치해석을 비교 하면서 그 특성을 확인 하였다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.464-471
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• 2011

We tried to analyze sound field of the interior of housing installed with an impeller using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) with the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral equation. In order to increase the accuracy of our analysis, reverse engineering technology, which has been developed in recent years. We measured and treated geometrical data with 3D scanning of the practical research object. After modeling by the reverse engineering, we analyzed variation of the BPF as adding vibration frequency and variation of the sound field of the interior of housing by changing the number of impeller blades. We also tried an analysis of free degree variation. Then, we proposed the analysis accuracy and noise reducing method by analysis result.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.871-877
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 생체 실험용 극저주파 자기장 발생장치를 설계하였다. 생체실험 대상 동물이 유동적이지 않고 고정될 경우, 인가 자기장의 방향성에 대한 영향이 있을 수 있다. 이 방향성 영향을 줄이기 위해 2 축에 4개씩, 총 8개의 코일을 사용하여 2축 4중 Helmholtz 코일 구조의 장치를 설계하였다. 정육면체 구조의 자기장 발생 장치를 원통형으로 근사화시킨 수식을 유도하여, 원하는 특정 자기장을 위한 권선수 및 전류치를 계산하였으며, 각 코일의 최적 위치 및 최적 권선비는 수치계산을 통하여 구하였다. 이렇게 얻어진 수치들을 MATLAB 으로 제작한 계산 프로그램에 적용하여, 발생장치 주변에서의 자기장 분포를 계산 해보았으며, 공간에 따른 자기장 세기의 균일도를 평가하여 균일 자기장 분포영역 또는 생체 실험가능 영역을 도출하였다. 잘 설계된 장치의 해석 결과, 임의 기준 자기장에 대해 약 95 %의 균일도를 만족시키는 공간은 정육면체 구조에서 축길이의 60 % 이상이 됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2020

In this paper, we used Helmholtz solver based on 3D finite element method to quantitatively analyze the effects of change of gain, time delay and time delay spread, which are the main variables of flame transfer function, on combustion instability in gas turbine combustor. The effects of the variable of flame transfer function on the frequency and growth rate, which are the main results of combustion instability, were analyzed by applying the conventional heat release fluctuation model and modified one considering the time spread. The analysis results showed that the change of gain and time delay in the same resonance mode affected the frequency of the given resonance modes as well as growth rate of the feedback instability, however, the effect of time delay spread was not relatively remarkable, compared with the dominant effect of time delay.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2004

Absorptive material arrangement method for effective interior noise control is proposed. Sound field with arbitrary boundary condition is formulated by Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral equation. A simple example such as a rectangular cavity will present physical meaning between changing boundary condition and control of sound field. The effect of changing boundary condition is expressed in modal admittance. From this formulation. an admittance map is presented. The admittance map is the figure to represent position where absorptive material is attached for effective interior noise control. The admittance map can be assigned to each resonant frequency. There. however, may be common area of those maps. Then, frequency robust arrangement of absorptive material in noise control will be presented.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
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• pp.197-200
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• 2001

Novel Enhanced Inductively Coupled Plasma is applied to etch $SiO_2$. Effect of $O_2$ or Ar addition to $C_{4}F_{8}$ gas is monitored by Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. It is fund that Ar or $O_2$ dilution to $C_{4}F_{8}$ increases F emission intensity and decreases $CF_2$ intensity. However, the ac frequency to the Helmholtz coil decreases the F intensity and thus increases $CF_2$/F ratio. By adjusting the ac frequency, the optimum etch rate and PR to $SiO_2$ selectivity can be obtained in E-lCP.

• 한국전자파학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자파학회 2003년도 종합학술발표회 논문집 Vol.13 No.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

In this paper, the design parameters for the magnetic field source at extremely low frequency are proposed. This facility can be used for in vivo experiments with small animals to investigate biological response to the driving magnetic fields. In case that the exposed animals are motionless, the animals may be affected by the directivity of driving field. To avoid this effect, a 2-axis ELF magnetic field driving apparatus was designed, The optimum location and number of turns of each coil were obtained by numerical analysis. Applying these data to the MATLAB code (for computation), the magnetic field distribution was obtained. The calculation result for a well-designed facility showed that the space in which the amplitude of the magnetic field lies within the 95% of the magnetic field distribution was more than 60% of each axis length.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 전계 적분 방정식 (Electric Field Integral Equation: EFIE)을 사용하는 모멘트 법의 저주파 오차(low frequency breakdown) 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 루프-스타(loop-star) 기저 함수를 사용하였다. 또한, 모멘트 법의 해를 계산하기 위하여 conjugate gradient method(CGM)과 같은 반복법을 적용할 경우 반복 횟수를 줄이기 위한 기법으로 p-Type Multiplicative Schwarz preconditioner(pMUS)를 이용하였다. 헬름홀쯔 정리(Helmholtz theorem)에 기반한 루프-스타(loop-star) 기저 함수와 주파수 정규화 기법을 이용하여 전계 적분 방정식에서 Rao-Wilton-Glisson(RWG) 기저 함수를 사용하였을 때 발생하는 저주파 오차(low frequency instability) 문제를 해결할 수 있다. 하지만, RWG 기저 함수를 비발산(solenoidal) 성분과 비회전성(irroatational) 성분으로 분해함으로써 발생하는 행렬 방정식의 높은 조건 수(condition number)로 인하여 CGM과 같은 반복법을 사용할 경우 해를 계산하기 위하여 많은 반복 횟수가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 방안으로 pMUS 전제 조건 기법을 이용하여 CGM의 반복 횟수를 줄였다. 수치 해석 결과, pMUS와 같은 희소성(sparsity)을 가진 블럭 대각 전제 조건(Block Diagonal Precondtioner: BDP)과 비교하였을 때 pMUS는 BDP보다 빠르게 해를 계산할 수 있다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2015

Wind tunnel testing of a low-rise building with openings (holes) of different sizes and shapes on a roof corner is conducted to measure the internal and external pressures from the building model. Detailed analysis of the testing data is carried out to investigate the characteristics of the internal and external pressures of the building with different openings' configurations. Superimposition of the internal and external pressures makes the emergence of positive net pressures on the roof. The internal pressures demonstrate an overall uniform distribution. The probability density function (PDF) of the internal pressures is close to the Gaussian distribution. Compared with the PDF of the external pressures, the non-Gaussian characteristics of the net pressures weakened. The internal pressures exhibit strong correlation in frequency domain. There appear two humps in the spectra of the internal pressures, which correspond to the Helmholtz frequency and vortex shedding frequency, respectively. But, the peak for the vortex shedding frequency is offset for the net pressures. Furthermore, the internal pressure characteristics indirectly reflect that the length of the front edge enhances the development of the conical vortices.The objective of this study aims to further understanding of the characteristics of internal, external and net pressures for low-rise buildings in an effort to reduce wind damages to residential buildings.