• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.263-267
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• 2010

Although electricity market structures may be different from each country, they have a long-term forward market and a short-term spot market in general. Particularly, a bilateral contract transacted at a long-term forward market fixes the electricity price between a genco and a customer so that the customer can avoid risk due to price-spike in the spot market. The genco also can make an efficient risk-hedging strategy through the bilateral contract. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism for deriving the optimal bilateral contract price using game theory. This mechanism can make the customer reveal his true willingness to purchase so that an adequate bilateral contract price is derived.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.45-62
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• 2022

Purpose - Using unexpected changes in geopolitical tensions on the Korean peninsula as a quasi-natural experimental setting, we examine whether and how geopolitical risks travel across borders through firm-level imports and exports linkages. We also test whether the effects are driven by either imports or exports and assess whether firms can effectively hedge themselves against geopolitical risks. Design/methodology - We focus on a series of unanticipated geopolitical events taken place in Korea in 2018. Making use of the shocks to geopolitical climate, we identify five milestone events toward peace talks. We employ the event studies methodology. We examine heterogenous firm-level stock price reactions around key event dates depending on firms' exposure to geopolitical risks. As a measure of firms' exposure to geopolitical risks in Korea, we utilize a text-based measure of firm-level trade links. When a firm announces and discusses its purchase of inputs from Korea or sales of outputs to Korea in their annual disclosure filings, we define a firm to have a trade relationship with Korea and have exposure to Korean geopolitical risks. Similarly, we use a measure of a firm's hedging policies based on a firm's textual mention of the use of foreign exchange derivatives in their annual disclosure. Findings - We find that U.S. firms that have direct trade links to Korea gained significantly more value when the intensity of geopolitical risks drops compared to firms without such trade links to Korea. The effects are pronounced for firms purchasing inputs from or selling outputs to Korea. We find that the effectiveness of foreign exchange hedging against geopolitical risks is limited. Originality/value - We document the international transmission of geopolitical uncertainty through trade linkages. Export links as well as import links serve as important nexus of transmission of geopolitical risks across borders. Hedging strategies involving foreign-exchanges derivatives do not seem to insulate firms again geopolitical risks. With the recent movements of localization and reshuffling of the global value chain, our results suggest a significant impact of geopolitical risks in Korea on the construction of the global value chain.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2011

Real Time Pricing(RTP) is used not only to stabilize the price volatility in electricity market, but to hedge the price risk for Load Serving Entity(LSE). This paper presents an efficient method to reduce the risk of the price volatility in real-time electricity market. For designing the RTP, load patterns of customer are calculated by applying the demand elasticity and customer's utility is also analyzed to compute the RTP revenue through the risk-attribute of the LSE. In the end, the distribution of the LSE's profits can be evaluated to lead the optimal RTP value, depending on the level of customer's participation. Results from the case study based on PJM data are reported to illustrate the proposed method.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.363-381
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• 2012

Shortfall risk is considered by taking some exposed risks because the superhedging price is too expensive to be used in practice. Minimizing shortfall risk can be reduced to the problem of finding a randomized test ${\psi}$ in the static problem. The optimization problem can be solved via the classical Neyman-Pearson theory, and can be also explained in terms of hypothesis testing. We introduce the classical Neyman-Pearson lemma expressed in terms of mathematics and see how it is applied to shortfall risk in finance.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.414-419
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• 2004

In TWBP new uncertainty will be increased. Risk management is risen to a important problem. Vesting contract makes market Players trade at fixed price in TWBP early stages. In the case of advanced country, market players manage risk with a future contract. When a risk management method moves from vesting contract to future contract, it may have to use together two contracts for schedule period. In this paper, risk management strategy that use vesting contract and forward contract at the same time is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2000

Black-Scholes equation arising from option pricing in the presence of cost in trading the underlying asset is derived. The transaction cost is chosen precisely and generalized to reflect the trade in the real world. Furthermore the concept of the bandwidth is introduced to obtain the better rehedging. The model with bandwidth derived in this paper can be used to calculate the more accurate option price numerically even if it is nonlinear and more complicated than the models shown before.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2011

We present an improved binomial method for pricing financial deriva-tives by using cell averages. After non-overlapping cells are introduced around each node in the binomial tree, the proposed method calculates cell averages of payoffs at expiry and then performs the backward valuation process. The price of the derivative and its hedging parameters such as Greeks on the valuation date are then computed using the compact scheme and Richardson extrapolation. The simulation results for European and American barrier options show that the pro-posed method gives much more accurate price and Greeks than other recent lattice methods with less computational effort.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.231-253
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• 2004

본 연구는 원 달러현물포지션보유에 따른 현물변동의 위험을 헤지하기 위하여 원 달러선물시장(Futures Markets)을 이용한 헤지효과성을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 동적헤지모형인, 이변량 ECT-ARCH(1)모형과 최소분산모형을 설정한 후, 2001년 1월 2일부터 2002년 12월 31일까지의 일별 단위로 추출된 원 달러현물환율자료와 원 달러선물자료를 사용하여 헤지비율을 추정하고 헤지성과를 분석하였다. 또한 헤지성과의 비교 및 분석 시에서는 단순헤지모형(naive hedging model)을 추가적으로 포함시켰으며, 전통적 헤지모형인 최소분산헤지모형과 이변량 ECT-ARCH(1)모형을 이용하여 추정한 헤지비율의 크기는 크게 다르지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 주요 실증분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전체분석기간과 분석기간을 세분화한 연도별 헤지비율 모두 최소분산헤지모형의 헤지비율이 시간이 경과함에 따라 헤지비율이 변동하는 것으로 가정하는 이변량 ECT-ARCH(1)모형의 헤지비율보다 상대적으로 나쁘지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 헤지효과성을 측정한 결과 내표본(within-sample) 및 외표본(out-of-sample)기간동안 단순헤지모형과 최소분산헤지모형(minimum variance hedging model)모두 헤지비율이 시간에 따라 변화하는 이변량 ECT-ARCH(1)모형의 헤지효과성보다 상대적으로 더 나은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 투자자들이 원 달러현물환율 및 선물환율의 시계열 특성이나 헤지비율의 시간가변성 등을 고려하지 않고 단순한 최소분산모형을 헤지전략에 사용하여도 무방함을 의미한다. 셋째, 헤지기간에 따른 헤지성과를 분석하기 위해 헤지기간을 1주일물과 2주일물 원 달러선물로 확대하였을 경우, 1일물을 이용한 경우보다 헤지성과가 내표본과 외표본에서 모두 상대적으로 더 나은 것으로 나타났다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.177-195
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• 2022

This study analyzed the volatility spillover effect between international non-ferrous metal futures markets using the BEKK-GARCH model. Statistical data are futures price data of copper (CU), aluminum (AL), nickel (NI), tin (SN) from Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE) and London Metal Exchange (LME) from April 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. Combining the research results, first, in the case of copper, aluminum, and nickel, it was found that there was a two-way volatility spillover effect between the Shanghai and London markets, and the international influence of the London market was greater. Second, in the case of the tin, it was found that the Shanghai market has a volatility spillover effect on the London market from stage I, and it is strengthened in stage II. Third, in the case of nickel, it was found that there was a two-way volatility spillover effect in the first stage, but in the second stage, the London market had a unidirectional volatility spillover effect with respect to the Shanghai market. This study confirmed that China's influence in the international non-ferrous metal futures market is gradually increasing. In addition, it suggested that international investors can engage in arbitrage and hedging using China's non-ferrous metal futures market.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.246-263
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 2000년 이후 미국의 주택가격과 물가의 장기적 관계가 어떻게 변화하고 있는지를 분석하였다. 분석 모형은 벡터오차수정모형(VECM)을 이용하였으며, 모형을 통해 공적분 검정과 장기균형식 추정 그리고 그랜저 인과검정을 실시하였다. 데이터 기간은 1975년 1분기부터 2010년 2분기까지이며, 모형 추정 및 검정 기간의 최종 시점을 2000년 1분기부터 한 분기씩 늘려나가는 축차적(recursive) 방식을 택하였다. 실증 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서브 프라임 모기지 사태 이전의 주택가격이 급등했던 시기에도 주택가격과 물가는 안정적인 장기균형관계를 유지하였다. 둘째, 주택가격과 물가의 장기 균형 관계가 2007년 이후 상당한 변화를 보였으며, 장기균형 이탈에 대한 주택가격변수의 조정 계수도 이론적인 부호와는 반대로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 결과는 2007년 이후의 주택 가격 하락이 물가와 주택가격의 안정적인 장기균형의 회복을 위한 주택가격 자체의 조정이라고 보기는 어렵다는 것을 시사한다. 셋째, 그랜저 인과검정 결과 10% 유의수준 하에서 물가가 주택가격을 그랜저-코즈 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 주택가격이 물가를 그랜저-코즈 하는가에 대한 검정은 기각되었다.