• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.648-653
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• 2003

Optimized recovery of heavy minerals from the near shore sands of Korean Yellow Sea was investigated using physical processing technologies such as gravity concentration and magnetic separation. The head samples were subjected to the three stages effective separation; Head sample was first treated by a spiral separator to recover rough heavy mineral concentrates, which are contained minerals like ilmenite, zircon and rare earth minerals. Much higher beneficiation processes were subsequently taken by wilfley table and magnetic separation according to their magnetic field responses. Heavy minerals were effectively recovered by wilfley table and subsequent recleaning of heavy minerals by magnetic separations was conducted. Qualitative and relative-quantitative analyses of their constituent elements were doing using XRD and XRF.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.59-73
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• 1972

The heavy minerals of a barred estuarine and lagoonal sediments along the North Carolina coast have been studied with more than one hundred samples. Currents, salinity, and pH exhibit well-developed gradients from the upstream parts of the estuaries on the west toward the open ocean on the east. Twenty- four heavy minerals were identified in sediments of the study area. However, less than half of these occur frequently and the remainder exist only in minor quantities or trace amounts. Heavy minerals usually comprise less than 1% of the sample but vary from sample to sample. The maximum amount of heavy minerals in sediments of sounds and estuaries is 2.4% and in sediments of Outer Banks is 16.7%. Opaque minerals range from 10 to 85% of the total heavy mineral assemblage. Garnet and sillimanite are relatively more abundant in the eastern part than the western part in the area. Garnet more abundant in the northern part than the southern part, whereas sillimanite is more abundant in the southern part than the northern part, because the garnet source is in the northern part and one of the sillimanite source is in the southern part in the study area. The results of heavy mineral study indicate that the source of sediments is the Blue Ridge and Piedmont crystalline complex, and Coastal Plain formations. Some portions of sediments are transported from the Atlantic Ocean by the landward currents. They further indicate that the sediments of the Atlantic coast in the study area are transported mainly from the northern part to southern part by longshore littoral currents, and some portions of sediments are transported from the southern part to the northern part by the Gulf Stream.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.87-100
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• 1974

This paper deals with grain size analysis, heavy mineral analysis and trace element analysis of the recent sediments of Han River basin between Cheongpyong, Gyeonggi province and Seoul. For each location the samples are taken at river shoreline, river berm and river dune. The size analysis discloses that the mean values range from $-1.37{\phi}$ to $-1.60{\phi}$, sorting values range from 0.25 to 1.84, skewness values range from -0.44 to 0.51 and kurtosis values range from -0.1 to 1.75. Based on the textural parameters, the dune sand can be distinguished from the shoreline-berm sand. The content of heavy minerals of each sample ranges from 0.04 to 4.7%. The principal heavy minerals are ilmenite, magnetite, leucoxene, garnet, amphibole, pyroxene, kyanite, zircon, monazite, tourmaline, epidote, limonite, and minor minerals are apatite, sillimanite, andalusite and olivine. In general, dune sand samples contain more heavy minerals than the samples of shoreline or berm sand. This suggests that the heavy mineral concentration is affected by wind action more than by any other causes. The content of ilmenite and leucoxene decreases, whereas the content of zircon and epidote increases as it approaches the downstream region. The differences result from the variance of geological occurrences. The emission spectrochemical analysis and colorimetry analysis revealed that the content of Ni and V in the heavy minerals of the study area are higher than those of other stream sediments in Korea. On the other hand the content of Cu, Ph, Zn, Mo, W, P, Mn, Cr, Ag and Sn are lower in the study area. It has been observed also that the contents of all the elements except for Bi are higher in this area than the samples of marine sediments of Yellow Sea.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.289-302
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• 2007

Separation process of heavy minerals was performed with sand from Dunjang beach of Jaeundo, Shinangun, Chonnam, and the feasibility study separating heavy minerals was carried out, and their properties were studied. Samples were selected in three parts, which were upper part, middle part and lower part, with depth. Samples of heavy mineral groups separated with the spiral separator were chosen as starting materials, and they were separated with 3 times of table separation. Heavy minerals presenting in this area were ilmenite, zircon, rutile, anatase, monazite, and xenotime. In the results of 3 times of table separation, minor content of quartz, orthoclase, albite and muscovite were existed as gangue minerals. Accordingly, we concluded that additional specific gravity separation was needed. In the results of separation of heavy minerals by hand picking, it was confirmed that heavy minerals had various genesis because of their various roundness and color.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

Large-scale civil engineering works discharge a large amount of soil suspension contaminated with natural heavy metals. Most of the heavy metal ions due to industrial activities and minings are accumulated in the soils and the sediments of lakes and inner bays through the rivers. It is necessary to remove heavy metals from the soils and the sediments, because some of these heavy metals, such as arsenic and cadmium, have significant biological effects even in small amounts. This study proposes a new volume reduction method of the contaminated soils and sediments by superconducting magnetic separation. Our process can remove the specific minute minerals selectively, which adsorbs heavy metals depending on pH. As a fundamental study, the adsorption behaviors of arsenic and cadmium on minute minerals as a function of pH were investigated, and the adsorption mechanism was discussed based on the crystal structure and pH dependence of surface potential in each minute minerals.

• Geosciences Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.955-973
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• 2018

Twenty-eight beach sand samples from the shorelines of Aegean islands adjacent to the plutonic rocks of the Atticocycladic zone were analyzed for major and rare earth element (REE) contents. Results are compared with the adjacent plutonic rocks, in order to determine relative enrichments or depletions and assess the potential for REE exploitation. Among the samples, several are significantly enriched in REE, being deposits of heavy minerals and their concentrations are controlled by the sea waves and local winds. These samples contain Th, U and REE rich minerals such as zircon, xenotime and allanite. The available geochemical characteristics were also used to confirm the parent rocks of the beach sands. The heavy fractions (total, total magnetic and total non-magnetic) of the beach sands are very well correlated with the Heavy REE (HREE) concentrations. Among the minerals of the heavy magnetic fraction, allanite seems to control the REE content in the heavy mineral-enriched samples, while from the heavy non-magnetic fraction, zircon controls mainly the HREE fraction. One site from Mykonos and 3 from Naxos could have potential for REE exploitation as they present the highest ${\Sigma}REE$ and HREE contents than other beach sand placers measured in Greece (Kavala, Sithonia, Maronia, Samothraki, NE Chalkidiki).

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 1998

A geochemical study was carried out to define how marine shore sediments are related to their terrestrial source rocks in the region of Taean and Byunsan Peninsula, western Korea. The lithology of the coastal part of the study area is composed of Pre-Cambrian granite gneiss, schist, Jurassic terrestrial sedimentary rocks, and Cretaceous plutonic intrusives. Shore sediments are transported from three drainage tributaries. The sediments consist of quatrz with clay minerals, such as illite, kaolinite, smectite, chlorite. Heavy minerals include hematite, ilmenite, rare amount of zircon and apatite. Compared to those in coastal rocks, amount of heavy minerals in the sediments is considerably low. The low content of heavy minerals is thought to be attributed to the heavy mineral detainment in the river beds and influences of tidal currents which cause heavy minerals to accumulate in specific spots. Chemical composition of the major and trace elements, trace elements, and REE chondrite normalized pattern suggest that shore sediments transported from the corresponding drainage tributary show close mineralogical and geochemical relationships with the source rocks distributed in the Taean and Byunsan Peninsula.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1117-1122
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• 2004

We compared with heavy metal concentration of herbal medicines in products of Gyeongbuk and the other area of Korea. The concentration of heavy metal were studied for the estimation of quality in herbal medicines which is Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma and Astragali Radix in products of north Gyeongbuk area. The average levels of heavy metal of herbal medicines in Gyeongbuk area are as follows : Mercury is 0.037mg/kg, Chromium is 0.093mg/kg, Nickel is 0.108mg/kg, Copper is 0.475mg/kg, Zinc is 3.14mg/kg, Manganese is 1.52mg/kg, Iron is 7.83mg/kg, and Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic is not detected. It was very lower in concentrations than those of average Korea area. Therefore, Gyeongbuk area appear to be more proper to cultivated land than other area.. Minerals such as Ca and K were extracted more than Na and P in herbal medicines products of Gyeongbuk respectively. Minerals and heavy metal concentrations distributed in herbal medicines were analyzed. Little or no relationship was observed between minerals and heavy metals.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 1997

The Janghang smelter is the first lead, zinc and copper smelting facility in Korea which was operated for a half century from 1936 to 1989. The clay minerals and their heavy metal association in the soil profile around the smelter have been studied using XRD, EPMA, SEM-EDS, TEM, EPR and sequential extraction techniques. The soils in A horizon are highly acidic showing pH 4.45. The pH is going up with increasing depth. They have residual water contents of 1.18-1.51 wt%, loss on ignition of 6.32-7.79 wt%, and carbon contents of 0.08-0.88 wt%. Soils consist of quartz, feldspar, muscovite, kaolinite, vermiculite, biotite, chlorite, goethite and hematite in the decreasing abundance. The contents of clay minerals, especially vermiculite and chlorite, decrease with increasing depth. Sequential extraction experiments for the profile samples show that heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) are highly concentrated in the A horizon of the soil profile as water-extractable (mostly amorphous), MgCl2-extractable (exchangeable in clay minerals), and organic phases. The heavy metal contents decrease with increasing depth. It suggests that the heavy metals are mainly associate with clay minerlas in an exchangeable state. It is also noted that heavy metals are highly concentrated in the manganese and iron oxide phases.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 1995

A study of heavy mineral sands in terms of heavy mineral group and concentration has been carried out by analyzing 88 grab samples from the continental shelf off the southeast coast of Korea. Heavy mineral groups seem to be outlined and classified into four regions in the study area: 1) the western region; high concentrations of stable minerals, such as opaque mineral, magnetite, garnet and ZTR, 2) Korean Trough region; moderate concentrations of stable minerals, 3) the eastern region; abundant altered mineral and amphibole with minor of pyroxene concentration, and 4) the northeastern shelf-break region; low concentration of stable minerals with abundant altered minerals. The sedimentologic natures of four major heavy mineral regions (groupings) seem to be influenced by physical, dynamic and hydraulic milieu and also aerial and/or subaqueous weathering processes. It seems to be, further, plausible that shallow marine waves and currents associated with neritic dynamic condition of transgressive sea might be very effective on the concentration and groupings (sorting) of heavy min-erals in the surficial sediments of the continental shelf. The pyroxene-abundant heavy mineral suite (group), in fact, seems to suggest a sediment source from Japanese Islands.