• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2013

Yam (Dioscorea) has long been used as foods and folk medicine with the approved positive effects for health promotion. Although consumption of yam products is increasing for health promotion, reports for the metal contamination in commercial yam powder products to protect the consumers are lacking. In this study, we aimed to assess whether the commercial yam powder products were heavy metal contaminated or not using the yam products from six commercial products from various places in South Korea. The contents of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Ni, and Sn) in yam powder products were measured and compared to national and international food standard levels. Also, the metal contamination was monitored during the food manufacturing steps. The study results showed that the contents of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, As, and Pb) in yam powder products are similar to those in national 'roots and tubers' as well as in various crops. In comparison to three international standard levels (EU, Codex and Korea), Cd content in yam powder products was lower but Pb content was 5 times higher. Also, Pb, Ni, and Sn may have the potential to be contaminated during food manufacturing steps. In conclusion, the level of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, As, Ni, and Sn) except Pb is considered relatively safe on comparison to national and international food standard levels.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2003

본 연구는 서울 도심에 위치한 가로수 중에서 수령이 30년 이상 된 양버즘나무(Platanus occidentalis L.)와 은행나무(Ginkgo biloba L.)를 대상으로 토양 및 가로수의 연륜층별로 중금속 농도를 분석하여 이들 중금속이 가로수의 연륜 생장에 미치는 영향 정도를 비교 검토하였다. 가로수가 식재되어 있는 토양의 pH는 $6.62{\sim}8.01$이었으며, 중금속 평균농도는 Cr 0.63, Zn 109.03, Pb 26.49, Ni 1.98, Cu 44.98 mg/kg으로써 이 중 Zn, Pb, Cu의 농도는 일반 산림토양보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 금속 및 철물을 취급하는 상가가 밀집해 있고 차량통행이 많은 청계 2가 지역의 중금속 농토가 가장 높게 나타났다. 가로수의 연륜폭을 1979년부터 2000년까지 측정하여 회귀식으로 나타낸 결과, 두 수종 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 토양 내 Cr, Pb, Cu의 농도는 양버즘나무의 최근 5년간 연륜층 내 Cr, Pb, Cu 농도와 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 토양 내 Ni 농도는 은행나무의 연륜층 내 Ni 농도와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 양버즘나무의 5년 단위 연륜층별 Cr 농도와 은행나무의 5년 단위 연륜층별 Ni, Cu 농도는 각각 연륜생장에 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 한편 서울지역의 연평균 기온, 강수량, 강수일수와 연륜폭의 연도별 변화 경향은 유사하였으나 통계적으로 유의성은 인정되지 않았다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.472-481
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• 2017

Agricultural field near at the abandoned metal mine and industrial area has a high possibility to be polluted by heavy metals. However, concern about chemical properties including heavy metal concentration has been increased and biological properties such as soil respiration has been minimal in heavy metal polluted field. Therefore, main objective of this research was to evaluate soil respiration as an indicator of heavy metal pollution in agricultural field. Total of 60 sampling sites including each 30 sites of abandoned metal mine and industrial area were selected and heavy metal concentration, soil respiration, and chemical properties were measured. Results showed that heavy metal concentration in metal mine area was ranged Cu: $6.21~85.23mg\;kg^{-1}$, Pb: $23.84{\sim}1,044.72mg\;kg^{-1}$, As: $1.88{\sim}691.44mg\;kg^{-1}$, Zn: $18.72{\sim}527.55mg\;kg^{-1}$, Cd: $0.58{\sim}4.27mg\;kg^{-1}$, and Cu: $0.29{\sim}30.62mg\;kg^{-1}$, Pb: $4.41{\sim}19.77mg\;kg^{-1}$, As: $2.23{\sim}11.76mg\;kg^{-1}$, Zn $39.98{\sim}109.59mg\;kg^{-1}$, Cd $0.29{\sim}0.57mg\;kg^{-1}$ for industrial area respectively. While no sampling site was exceed the threshold value of each heavy metals in industrial field, metal mine area was highly polluted with Pb, As, Zn, and Cd. Soil respiration in the metal mine and industrial area was ranged $12.05{\sim}299.80mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}$ and $27.68{\sim}330.94mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Correlation analysis between heavy metal concentration in soil and soil respiration showed that negative correlation was observed in metal mine area while no correlation was observed in industrial area. This result might indicate that as heavy metal concentration was increased, microbial activity in soil was decreased resulting decrease of soil respiration rate. Overall, soil respiration can be used as indicator of heavy metal pollution in soil and more biological properties need to be evaluated to better understand heavy metal pollution in soil.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.399-409
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• 1999

The three domestic natural zeolites(Yong dong-ri (Y), Daesin-ri (D), Seogdong-ri (S)) harvested in Kyeongju-shi and Pohang-shi, Kyungsangbug-Do, were pretreatd with each of the NaOH, $Ca(OH)_2$ and NaOH following HCl solutions, and the removal performances of divalent haevy metals(Cu, Mn, Pb, and Sr) for natural and pretreated zeolites were investigated and compared in the single and mixed solutions. The natural zeolite-heavy metal system attained the final equilibrium plateau within 20 min, irrespective of initial heavy metal concentration. The heavy metal uptakes increased with increasing initial heavy metal concentration and pH. The heavy metal uptakes for natural zeolites decreased in the following sequences : D>Y>S among the natural zeolites; Pb>Cu>Sr>Mn among the heavy metals. The pretreated zeolites showed higher heavy metal removal performances than natural zeolites and decreased in the order of NaOH, NaOH following HCl, $Ca(OH)_2$ treatment among the pretreatment methods. The heavy metal ion exchange capacity by natural and pretreated zeolites was described either by Freundlich equation or Langmuir equation, but it followed the former better than the latter. The heavy metal uptakes for natural zeolites decreased in the mixed solution, in comparing with those in the single solution and especially, the manganese uptake decreased greatly in the mixed solution. The pretreated zeolites showed the improved removal performances of heavy metals in the mixed solution than in the single solution and the heavy metal uptakes by those in the mixed solution showed the same trends in the single solution among the chemical treatment methods and heavy metals.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.299-306
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• 1996

The study was performed under the various conditions, such as the edible parts and particle sizes of Allium. The concentrations, the temperartures, and the pH of heavy metal solutions to investigated their adsorption capacity of heavy metals by genus Allium. The adsorption amount of Pb by Allium in the aqueous soluton was apparently higher than that of Ni and Cu by them. The larger the particle sloe of welsh onion and shallot was, the higher the adsorption of Cu was. The adsorptlons of Cu, Ni and sorption ratio was not different. As the temperature increased, the amount of heavy metal adsorption increased in general, but the adsorption of Ni by welsh onion and wild garlic and leek, Cu by shallot, wild garlic and leek decreased. Adsorption of Pb to Allium was not affected by the different values of pH, and adsorptions of Ni and Cu were greatly affected by those of pH. Especially, the higher the pH was, the greater the Ni adsorption to Allium was, and the lower the pH was, the higher the Cu adsorption was. The correlation between the amount of components in edible parts of Allium and that of adsorption of heavy metals was significantly high In amino acids containing sulfhydryl group(-SH) and vitamin B2.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.299-302
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the content of heavy metals in meats available on the Korean markets. Trace metals (Pb, As and Cd) were detected in 4 kinds, 172 samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The values of heavy metals in meats were as follows; In beef, mean (minimum~maximum) values of the heavy metals were Pb: 0.075 (0.020~0.190)mg/kg, As: 0.010 (0.001~0.050)mg/kg and Cd: 0.43(0.07~2.11)${\mu}g/kg$. In pork, mean (minimum~maximum) values of the heavy metals were Pb: 0.065 (0.012~0.171)mg/kg, As: 0.004 (ND~0.021)mg/kg and Cd: 0.43(0.08~1.09)${\mu}g/kg$. In chiken, mean (minimum~maximum) values of the heavy metals were Pb: 0.060(0.016~0.211)mg/kg, As: 0.008 (ND~0.042)mg/kg and Cd: 0.42 (0.02~3.80)${\mu}g/kg$. In duck, mean (minimum~maximum) values of the heavy metals were Pb: 0.070 (0.011~0.157)mg/kg, As: 0.005 (0.001~0.011)mg/kg and Cd: 0.87 (0.15~3.75)${\mu}g/kg$. This results will be used as a basic data for the future legislation on the regulation and control of heavy metal in meats.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.46-55
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• 1999

This study compared the adsorption characteristics of heavy metal ions by crab shell, treated crab shell with 2N-HCl, treated crab shell with 4%-NaOH, chitin and chitosan.Using crushed crab shell, the heavy metal ions removal rates of $Cd^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ were about 70-80% in 45minutes, but the removal rates of $Cu^{2+}$, $Cr^{6+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ was less than 10%, 10% and 30%, respectively. For the by-products crab shell by 2N-HCl treatment, it was shown that the removal rates of $Cu^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ were about 70-80% in 45minutes reaction. But, some problems were observed, that the contained protein in crab shell was changed into gel in the mixing solution after a few hours. For the by-products of crab shell by 4%-NaOH treatment, the removal rates of Pb and Zn were about 90% in 45 minutes, and those of capacity of chitin and chitosan powder was better than those of the other by-products. The more adding to the adsorbent dosages increased the removal rates, and the adsorption reaction was rapidly occurred in a few minute. Using 1.0 wt% chitin powder, the heavy metal removal rates were ordered $Cu^{2+}$(94%) > $Zn^{2+}$(89%) > $Cd^{2+}$(88%) > $Pb^{2+}$(77%) > $Cr^{6+}$(58%) in 45 minutes. Using 1.0 wt% chitosan powder, the heavy metal removal rates were ordered $Cu^{2+}$(99%) > $Pb^{2+}$(96%) > $Cd^{2+}$(79%) > $Zn^{2+}$(71%) > $Cr${6+}$(46%) in 45minutes. The degree of degree of deacetylation by prepared chitosan was 91%.The Freundlich adsorption isotherm of $Cu^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$, when it was applied to 1.0 wt% chitosan powder in minutes, can be acceptable very strictly. The equation constant (1/n) for $Cu^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ were 0.54 0.41 and 0.23 respectively.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the heavy metal contents and distribution in soil, sediment, and rice from the downstream area of ManKyeong and DongJin River. Of the sites on Mankyeong river area, site M-1(Mokchon bridge) showed the highest average contents of Cd, Cr and Pb in paddy soil. In DongJin river area, site D-3(Munpo) and D-4(Gerjeonri) showed relatively high level of average contents of Cr, Pb and Zn in paddy soil. The average contents of heavy metals in brown rice from ManKyeong river area were 0.10mg/kg for Cd, 0.99mg/kg for Cr, 2.07mg/kg for Pb, 4.44mg/kg for Cu and 32.03mg/kg for Zn while those in brown rice from DongJin river area were 0.14mg/kg for Cd, 0.74mg/kg for Cr, 1.78mg/kg for Pb, 4.57mg/kg for Cu and 33.60mg/kg for Zn. Zn showed the highest transportation-rate from paddy soil to brown rice while Pb showed the lowest. From the results of heavy metal analysis in sediments, the average contents of Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu were generally high in site M-5(Euonri) and D-4(Gerjeonri), the most downstream sites in Mankyeong river and DongJin river, respectively.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.827-831
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• 2008

In this study, the effects of reclaimed wastewater irrigation on the concentration of heavy metals such as lead, zinc, cadmium, and copper in soil and vegetables were investigated by monitoring an experimental area irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Three treatments and three replications on $10{\times}2$-m plots were installed and heavy metal concentrations in soil and vegetables were monitored from 2005 to 2007. The treatments applied in this study were groundwater irrigation (control treatment), wastewater irrigation, and irrigation with filtered reclaimed wastewater treated with ultraviolet light. The monitored results showed that the concentrations of Cu, Cd, and Pb in soil during the experimental period were lower than initial soil levels before irrigation, whereas Zn increased in all treatment plots. However, the ranges of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in soil were below the soil pollution standards in the Republic of Korea. Heavy metal concentrations in vegetables showed insignificant variations for all treatments.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2006

본 연구는 온산 공단지역 산림토양과 그곳에 우점하고 있는 인동덩굴의 기관별 중금속(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) 함량을 분석하고 산림토양과 식물체간 중금속 함량의 상관관계를 규명하여 덩굴식물인 인동덩굴을 중금속 오염지의 토양 정화 및 식생복원에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 토양중금속 중 As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn은 공단지역이 산림지역보다 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타낸 반면 Fe, Mn 및 Ni 함량은 산림지역이 공단지역보다 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 중금속 중 Cd, Cu, Pb과 Zn은 인동덩굴의 잎, 줄기, 뿌리에 있어서 공단지역에서 자라는 식물체의 함량이 산림지역의 함량보다 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 산림토양의 As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn 함량과 인동덩굴 기관별 함량은 높은 정의 혹은 부의 상관을 보여주었으며, Cu가 산림토양과 인동덩굴의 기관간에 $0.93{\sim}0.99$의 가장 높은 상관계수를 나타내었다. 인동덩굴 식물체의 기관 내 높은 중금속 함량과 산림토양과의 높은 상관계수를 고려하면, 인동덩굴은 공단지역과 같이 중금속(특히 Cd, Cu, Pb와 Zn)에 오염된 산림토양에서 정화식물로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.