• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제18권7호
• /
• pp.41-53
• /
• 2013

The study is to propose the optimal separation technique of heavy metals (Pb and Zn) contaminated in soil for improving the removal efficiency by various applicable techniques. The heavy metal contaminated soil samples near abandoned mine X-1 and X-2 were used for the study. Firstly, the wet classification process was shown more than 80% of removal efficiency for lead and zinc. Meanwhile, the magnetic separation process was shown low removal efficiency for lead and zincs because those heavy metals were non-magnetic materials. For the next step, the flotation separation process was shown approximately 24.4% of removal efficiency for zinc, while the gravity concentration process was shown approximately 57% of removal efficiency for lead, and 19.9% of removal efficiency for zinc, respectively. Therefore, zinc contaminated in soil would be effectively treated by the combination technique of the wet classification and the flotation technique. Meanwhile, lead contaminated in soil would be effectively treated by the combination technique of the wet classification process and the flotation process. Furthermore, the extraction of organic matter was shown more effective with aeration, 3% of hydrogen peroxide and 3% of lime such as calcium hydroxide.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.320-328
• /
• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate the heavy metal contents and their correlationship between paddy soil and brown rice near the Kum-River area. In this study, eighty soil samples and forty brown rice samples were taken from the paddy soil. The contents of heavy metals were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results were as follows: 1. The average contents of soluble heavy metals in surface soil were Cd 0.19, Cu 15.31, Zn 18.10 and Pb 9.08 ppm. The average contents of soluble heavy metals in subsurface soil were Cd 0.19, Cu 14.52, Zn 17.75 and Pb 8.11 ppm. There was no statistically significant difference between the two layers. 2. The contens of Cu, Zn and Pb of Taejeon(S6) and Cd of Sinbyung(S5) in surface soil were higher than those of other areas. The contents of Cd and Cu of Taejeon(S6) and Zn and Pb of Kumnam(S3) in brown rice were higher than those of other areas and four heavy metals in soil and brown rice of Simchon(S7) were lower than those of other areas. 3. The ratio of soluble contents(Cd:Cu:Zn:Pb) in surface soil was 1:79:93:47, that of soluble contents in subsurface soil was 1:76:94:43, and that of total contents in brown rice was 1:84:294:12. 4. The correlationship of the content between soluble heavy metals in surface(0-15 cm depth) soil total heavy metals in brown rice was found to be order of Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb. The correlationship of the content between soluble heavy metals in subsurface(20-30 cm depth) soil and total heavy metals in brownricewasfoundtobeorderofcu>Cd>Zn>Pb.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.69-82
• /
• 1996

The samples for testing have been collected from Kangdong-myon, Nongso-myon, Beomseo-my on, and Cheongryang-myon in Ulju-Ku, Ulsan-city from July 1994 to March 1995 in order to grasp status of trace metals contained in some rice, soybean and soils, and to provide references in establishing their standard 96 collected samples(48 for cereals and 48 for soils) have been tested to measure levels of Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn through methods of trace metal containing analysis and heavy metal analysis. moisture content was also analyzed. And at the same time 0.1N-HCl soluble heavy metal content of soil was measured. The average Hg containing level of samples is 0.006 ppm for cereal and 0.062 ppm for soil, Pb is 0.302 ppm for cereal and 1.137 ppm for soil, Cd is 0.012 ppm for cereal and 0.027 ppm for soil, Cu is 2.01 ppm for cereal and 0.885 ppm for soil, and Zn is 7.853 ppm for cereal and 2.366 ppm for soil.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.319-323
• /
• 2000

광산인근 논토양의 형태별 중금속 함량[수용태$(H_2O)$, 치환태 $(0.5M\;KNO_3)$, 유기복합태(0.5M NaOH), 탄산염태$(0.05M\;Na_2-EDTA)$, 황화잔류태$(4M\;HNO_3)$] 과 현미에 흡수 이행된 중금속과의 관계를 구명하기 위하여 5개 광산지역에서 30개 지점 논토양 및 현미를 대상으로 분석 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 광산인근 논토양의 Cd, Pb 및 Zn의 주된 형태는 EDTA 및 $HNO_3$ 침출태, Cu는 NaOH 및 $HNO_3$침출태였고, 식물에 흡수이행이 용이한 것으로 알려진 $H_2O\;+KNO_3$침출태의 함량비율은 Cd 25.1, Zn 8.7, Cu 4.0, Pb 0.4% 순으로 나타났다. 토양 pH와 $H_2O+KNO_3$침출태 중금속 함량비율은 고도의 부의 상관, $EDTA+HNO_3$침출태 중금속과는 고도의 정의 상관을 보였다. 토양의 총 중금속함량 수준에 따라 형태별 중금속함량의 분포비율은 다르게 나타났고, 특히 높은 함량수준에서 $H_2O+KNO_3$침출태 Cd, Cu, Pb 및 Zn의 분포비율이 높게 나타났다. 토양의 $H_2O+KNO_3$침출태 Cd, Cu, Pb 및 Zn함량비율은 토양 pH가 높은 지역(D site)에서 각각 1.06, 0.15, 0.008, 0.05%로 나타나 pH가 낮은 지역의 평균치 30.31, 4.06, 1.75, 10.16%보다 매우 낮게 나타났다. 현미중 Cd 및 Zn흡수이행과 관련이 큰 토양의 존재형태는 각각 $KNO_3$침출태, EDTA 및 $HNO_3$침출태로 나타났다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 1998

To measure the contents of several heavy metal elements (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb) in Korean seaweeds which are closely related to food resources, various seaweed samples were collected from thirteen to seventeen seaweed-producing districts. The results obtained from the experiment are summarized as follows: 1. The content of heavy metal elements in seaweeds of individual sample ranged from 0.0005 to 25.0373 ppm. Their mean levels were as follows: laver, 0.0024∼3.9297 ppm; sea lettuce, 0.0011∼25.0373 ppm; sea mustard, 0.0005∼23.5071 ppm; sea tangle, 0.0006∼4.8550 ppm. The mean levels of Cd and Pb were specially low in the samples collected from the area II in Kangwon and area Ⅸ in Kyungbook. 2. The mean levels of heavy metal elements of collected samples ranged from 0.0117 to 4.4944 ppm. Laver showed the lowest level of Hg and sea lettuce showed the highest level of Mn. Their mean levels of elements were as follows: laver, 0.0117∼2.3339 ppm; sea lettuce,0.0232∼4.4944 ppm; sea mustard, 0.0129∼1.5139 ppm and sea tangle, 0.0182∼1.7410 ppm. 3. The mean levels of heavy metal elements from several locations ranged from 0.0085 ppm to 8.4148 ppm. The mean levels of heavy metal elements in sea mustard from area V of Kyungbook were the lowest, but the mean levels of heavy metal elements in sea lettuce from area Ⅷ of Kyungnam were the highest. The mean level of heavy metal elements were as follows: laver, 0.3613∼1.1124 ppm; sea lettuce, 0.1415∼8.4148 ppm; sea mustard, 0.0729-3.1182 ppm; sea tangle, 0.0085∼0.7587 ppm. 4. Generally the heavy metal elements were detected in the seaweed samples from all locations. The mean levels of heavy metal elements varied with locations and kinds of samples. The levels of heavy metals of the samples taken from all locations from the East Sea, the South Sea, and the West Sea areas showed 99% safety range.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.153-159
• /
• 2011

태안지역 영농기 빗물의 중금속 농도 및 부화특성을 구명하기 위하여 2002년과 2003년 4~10월 사이에 빗물을 채수하여 중금속 분포와 가중평균 변화, 화학성분과의 관계 및 부화정도를 비교 검토하였다. 빗물 중 화학성분 함량은 조사 시기에 따라 함량변이가 심하였고, 강우량 대비 pH의 가중평균 값은 5.0~5.1 수준이었다. 빗물의 중금속 가중평균은 Pb > Zn > Cu > Ni > As > Cr > Cd 순이었고, 2002년과 비교하여 2003년에 Cu, Pb, 및 Zn 성분이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 강우중의 주 이온성분(${NH_4}^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, $Na^+$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$ 및 ${NO_3}^-$)은 중금속 중 As, Cd, Zn, Cr 및 Ni 성분함량과 고도의 정의 상관을 보였다. 빗물의 중금속 농도분포를 이해하기 위하여 부화계수(Enrichment factor)를 조사한 결과, 부화계수 평균치가 대체로 Cd > Pb > AS > Cu > Zn > Ni > Cr 순이었고, 주로 자연적 발생 유래원소로 알려진 Fe, Mg 및 Ca 등보다 상대적으로 높은 경향을 보였다. 월별 빗물의 중금속부하계수는 8~9월이 상대적으로 높았고, 중금속의 습식침적은 대체로 강우량의 영향을 받아 강우기인 7~8월에 높은 경향을 보였다.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.87-103
• /
• 1996

The purposes of this research are to investigate the pollution level of heavy metals due to the urbanization and industrialization in the satellite cities of Seoul, and to assess the chemical species and the sources of heavy metals in highly contaminated soils and dusts. Soil and dust samples were collected from the Uijeongbu and the Koyang cities, which are northern and the northwestern satellite cities of Seoul metropolitan city, respectively. Relatively high pH values($6.3{\sim}9.9$) were found in roadside soils compared with agricultural and forest soils. Difference in pH values of soils was not identified between before and after rainy seasons. In spite of no specific pollution sources in the above cities, the contents of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils and dusts were much higher than the world average contents. The metal levels in dusts were higher than those in soils, but the metal concentration in dusts was significantly decreased after rainy season. Pollution index was high(> 1.0) in the areas of heavy traffic, industrial complex, and city centres. There is an appreciable proportion of total Zn in exchangeable/water-acid soluble fraction. Copper is predominantly associated with reducible and oxidizable phases, whereas Pb is largely in reducible association. It is concluded that the mobility and bioavailability of metals are high in the order of Zn >> Cu > Pb, on the basis of characteristic particle morphology and chemical composition, Pb-containing particles are originated probably from the automobile exhaust, particularly in heavy traffic areas. The metallic forms and iron-oxide associated forms of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb can be assessed as industrial origin.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제31권
• /
• pp.6.1-6.10
• /
• 2016

Objectives This study examined the spatial distribution and the extent of soil contamination by heavy metals resulting from primitive, unconventional informal electronic waste recycling in the Agbogbloshie e-waste processing site (AEPS) in Ghana. Methods A total of 132 samples were collected at 100 m intervals, with a handheld global position system used in taking the location data of the soil sample points. Observing all procedural and quality assurance measures, the samples were analyzed for barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), using X-ray fluorescence. Using environmental risk indices of contamination factor and degree of contamination ($C_{deg}$), we analyzed the individual contribution of each heavy metal contamination and the overall $C_{deg}$. We further used geostatistical techniques of spatial autocorrelation and variability to examine spatial distribution and extent of heavy metal contamination. Results Results from soil analysis showed that heavy metal concentrations were significantly higher than the Canadian Environmental Protection Agency and Dutch environmental standards. In an increasing order, Pb>Cd>Hg>Cu>Zn>Cr>Co>Ba>Ni contributed significantly to the overall $C_{deg}$. Contamination was highest in the main working areas of burning and dismantling sites, indicating the influence of recycling activities. Geostatistical analysis also revealed that heavy metal contamination spreads beyond the main working areas to residential, recreational, farming, and commercial areas. Conclusions Our results show that the studied heavy metals are ubiquitous within AEPS and the significantly high concentration of these metals reflect the contamination factor and $C_{deg}$, indicating soil contamination in AEPS with the nine heavy metals studied.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.279-287
• /
• 2002

Successive 24 snow samples, collected from a 1.2m snow pit at a site on the summit of Main Dome in King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula, were measured for heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn and other chemical species. The mean concentrations of heavy metals are 3.48pg/g for Pb, 0.10pg/g for Cd, 16.6 pg/g for Cu and 15.8 pg/g for Zn, respectively. Pb and Cd concentrations observed in our samples are very comparable to those reported for recent snow at other Antarctic sites, while Zn and Cu levels are much higher than those at other sites. The annual fallout fluxes of all heavy metals approximately calculated are, however, much greater in King George Island than at other sites. With respect to the estimates of natural contributions, sea salt spray is found to be a major contributor to Cd and Zn inputs to the snow and minor to Cu inputs. On the other hand, the anthropogenic input can account for a large part of Pb concentrations. A tentative estimate represents that local emissions could be responsible for more than half of the excess Pb flux to the snow in King George Island.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.64-69
• /
• 2002

To know a degree of pollution in agricultural products cultivated around 4 unworked mines located in Chollanam-Do, we investigated a concentration of heavy metal and trace metal to provide the basic data for its residual limits. 28 samples of seven kinds of agricultural products(lettuce, onion, potato, radish, pepper, pumpkin, bean) collected from 4 unworked mines located in Chollanam-Do in 2001 were analyzed by Mercury Analyzer for mercury and Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer for Pb, As, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Hg contents were detected N.D. ∼trace level(0.01 ppm and less) and As content were detected N.D. ∼ 0.029 lpm but most of same)leE were not detected. Cd contents were detected N.D∼0.124 ppm. The results of Hg, As, Pb and Cd content showed that for all the 7 species of agricultural products studied, none have accumulated levels dangerous enough to Pose health problems. The average contents of Cu were 3.070 ∼ 7.825 ppm in bean, the Mn were 3.688 ∼23.935 ppm in lettuce ailed the Zn were 5.690 ∼21.171 ppm in bean, respectively.