• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.288-294
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• 1999

경상북도 안동 사문암지역 및 부근의 화강암지역에 분포하는 암석, 토양 및 식물체에 함유되어 있는 원소의 농도를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 조사지역에분포하는 사문암에 함유되어 있는 주요 전이원소 함량(Ni 1.164ppm. Cr 366ppm. Co 109ppm. Fe 7.48%) 및 다른 대부분의 전이원소(Sc, Mn, Cu)도 화강암보다 높았으며 우리나라 efms 지역의 사문암에 함유되어 있는 농도와 비교하여 볼 때 매우 유사한 경향을 보이고 있다. 사문아토양의 경우 암석풍화토양 및 산림토양 모두 화강암토양에 비해 Ni, Co, Cr, Fe, Sc, Mn, Cu, Mg, Zn 농도가 높았으며 Pb는 반대의 경향을 나타내었다. 토양내 원소 함량은 이들의 모암에 함유되어 있는 원소 함량의 변화와 일치하고 있으며 같은 모암인 경우 산림식생의 영향에 따라 면 원소들의 차이가 다소 나타났다. 식물체 내 원소의 농도는 토양의 농도에 비해 모두 낮았다. 참억새, 쑥, 소나무에 함유되어 있는 원소별 평균 농도는 모두 동일종간 대부분의 전이원소(Ni, Co, Cr, Fe) 및 As 농도가 화강암토양에 비해 사문암토양에서 더높았다 사문암토양에서 생육하는 식물체 3종 모두 대부분의 원소(Ni, Co, Cr. As, Sc, Fe) 함랴이 지하부에서 더 높았으며 Zn과 Mo는 지상부와 지하부의 농도 차이가 크게 나타나지 않았다 화강암토양에서 생육하는 식물체의 경우 원소별 지상부 및 지하부의 농도차이는 사문암토양에 비해 크지 않았다.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 1988

This study was carried out to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metal in hair of the inhabitants of Jeon-Ju industrial area. The major findings of this study are as follows 1. The average content of lead in hair of the inhabitants of Jeon-Ju industrial area was 15.06$\pm$ 4.06 ppm and the content of lead of driver's hair showed higher than that of house wives and students, and showed significance statistically ( P < 0.05). 2. The average content of cadmium by occupation in hair of inhabitants of Jeon-Ju industrial area was 0.76$\pm$ 0.21 ~ 0.52$\pm$ 0.16 ppm and the cadmium concentration in hair of driver's showed the highest level among occupations and showed significance statistically (P < 0.05). 3. Lead and cadmium contents in the hair of the inhabitants of Jeon-Ju industrial area showed higher than that of control area residents and showed significance statistically ( P < 0.05 ). 4. The contents between lead and codmium in hair of Jeon-Ju industrial area residents revealed high degree of correlation ( r = 0.7938).

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.132-135
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• 1997

We prepared capsules containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zoogloea ramigera cells for the removal of lead(II) and cadmium ions. Microbial cells were encapsulated and cultured in the growth medium. The S.cerevisiae cells grown in the capule did not leak through the capsule membrane. The dried cell density reached to 250 g/l on the basis of the inner volume of the 2.0 mm diameter capsule after 36 hour cultivation. The dry whole cell expolymer density of encapsulated Z.ramigera reached to 200 g/L. The capsule was crosslinked with triethylene tetramine and glutaric dialdehyde solutions. The cadmium uptake of encapsulated whole cell expolymer of Z.ramigera was 55mg Cd/g biosorbent. The adsorption line followed well Langmuir isotherm. The lead uptake of the encapsulated S. cerevisiae was about 30 mg Pb/g biomass. The optimum pH of the lead uptake using encapsulated S. cerevisiae was found to be 6. Freundlich model showed a little better fit to the adsorption data than Langmuir model 95 percent of the lead adsorbed on the encapsulated biosorbents was desorbed by the 1 M HCl solution. The capsule was reused 50 batches without loosing the metal uptake capacity. And the mechanical strength of the crosslinked capsule was retained after 50 trials.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2008

Poly (vinylchloride) (PVC) membrane electrodes based on neutral carrier, tetracycline was prepared as an active sensor for Hg(II) ion, and tested in different contents of the potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClPB) as lipophilic salt. Bis (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS), bis(l-butylpentyl) adipate (BBPA), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) were used as diverse plasticizing solvent mediators. This electrode shows excellent potentiometric response characteristics and display good linearity with log $[Hg^{+2}]$ versus EMF response, over a range of concentrations between $10^{-7}$ and $10^{-3}M$. With 30.8mV/decade Nernstian slope, the detection limit was $6.9{\times}10^{-9}M$ and the response time was less than 20s. The proposed electrode yields very good selectivity for mercury (II) ion over many cations such as alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. And it shows a very stable potential values in a wide pH range. This reliable electrode prepared was kept at least a month without considerable alteration in their response to Hg (II) ion.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.476-481
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• 2015

Water permeable block was manufactured using waste sewage sludge, loess and clay for the purpose of recycling waste sludge due to the prohibition of waste sludge ocean dumping. Experiments for determining optimum mixing ratio was conducted by changing sludge content in water permeable block as 5~20%. In respect of compressive strength, $1,600N/cm^2$ ($163.3kg/cm^2$) was obtained when the mixing ratio of sludge : loess : clay were maintained by 5% : 65% : 30%, 10% : 65% : 25% and 15% : 65% : 20%, respectively. These mean that relatively high compressive strength can be obtained when the sludge content is maintained 5, 10, 15% at the 65% of loess content. In terms of water permeability and absorption rate, the higher values can be obtained as the sludge content increases. The optimum mixing ratio of sludge : loess : clay came out to be 15% : 65% : 20% when water permeability, absorption and strength were considered altogether, which matches the result observed by an electron microscope. The heavy metal leaching test result of the prepared permeable block appeared to satisfy the environmental standard in the content of Cd, Cu, Pb and As.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3B
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• pp.355-361
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• 2008

A water quality analysis of rainwater collected from catchment equipment ($2m{\times}1m$) was conducted to determine its suitability for domestic purposes, in this study. As the results of analysis, the pH of rainwater was $6.3{\pm}0.3$, and the turbidity of rainwater was over the 5 times than drinking water guidelines. For the usage of rainwater as the domestic and drinking water, the rainwater is need to treat. The analysis values of heavy metal as the Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, ${Cr_6}^+$ and Cu was satisfied with drinking guidelines. Rainwater quality was improved in the rainfall duration. Overall results of analysis support the possibility of rainwater as the domestic and drinking water.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.481-487
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• 2016

In this research, a pilot scale hybrid rain garden system was developed in order to investigate the efficiency in the different components of the hybrid rain garden system and at the same time evaluate the initial efficiency of the system in treating urban stormwater runoff prior to its actual use in the field. Experimental runs were conducted using synthetic runoff having target concentrations similar to that of the typical runoff characteristics found in different countries and in Korea. With the employment of the hybrid rain garden system, hydrologic improvement was observed as the system demonstrates an approximately 95% reduction in the influent runoff volume with 80% retained in the system, and 15% recharged to groundwater. The reduction was contributed by the retention capabilities of ST and infiltration capabilities in PB and IT. With the combined mechanisms such as filtration-infiltration, biological uptake from plants and soil and phytoremediation that are incorporated in PB and IT, the system effectively reduces the amount of pollutant concentration wherein the initial mean removal efficiency for TSS is 87%, while an approximate mean removal efficiency of 76%, 46% and 56% was observed in terms of organics, nutrients and heavy metal, respectively. With these findings, the research helps in the further improvement, innovation and optimization of rain garden systems and other facilities as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1063-1067
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• 1997

This study was performed to assess the levels of the trace elements(Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Mn, Pb, and Cd) in salt-fermented fish products from some areas of the west coast in Korea. Seven samples were Shrimp(Seawoo-jeot), Clam(Jogai-jeot), Oyster(Orikul-jeot), big eyed horring(Bendeng-ie jeot), Mysis(Gonjeng-ie jeot), Hwangandali(Hwangsegi-jeot), and Squid, Han Chi(Han chi-jeot). They were ashed with ternary solution. After ashing the samples, the amount of trace elements in the samples were measured by ICP. The moisture content of the 7 samples before freezing dry were 68.36, 71.52, 81.19, 62.27, 71.30, 64.27, and 66.74%, respectively. Jogai-jeot and Gonjeng-ie jeot contained the most amount of moisture among the samples. Fe contents were 66.46, 309.10, 27.03, 23.01, 132.45, 35.75, and 9.72ppm, respectively. Jogai-jeot contained the most amount of Fe among the samples. Cu contents were 4.60, 4.36, 3.75, 2.21, 10.36, 2.71, and 58.15ppm, respectively. Hanchi-jeot contained the most amount of Cu among the samples. Zn contents were 16.02, 75.06, 37.43, 28.43, 132.45, 35.75, and 9.72ppm, respectively. Gonjeng-ie jeot contained the most amount of Zn among the samples. Cr contents were 0.80, 1.61, 0.84, 0.96, 1.12, 0.96, and 0.59ppm, respectively. Jogai-jeot contained the most amount of Cr among the samples. Co contents were 0.13, 0.54, 0.31, 0.46, 0.50, 0.63, and 0.35ppm, respectively. Hwangsegi-jeot contained the most amount of Co among the samples. Mn contents were 7.30, 10.69, 14.87, 4.12, 8.03, 2.94 and 1.54ppm, respectively. Origkul-jeot contained the most amount of Mn among the samples. Pb contents were 1.80, 4.30, 2.53, 4.61, 3.08, 5.04, and 2.74ppm, respectively. Hwangsegi-jeot contained the most amount of Pb among the samples. Cd contents were 0.005, 0.03, 0.06, 0.005, 0.01, 0.00, and 0.10ppm, respectively. Hanchi-jeot contained the most amount of Cd among the samples. This study is limited within 7 samples caught and producted from the some areas of the west coast in Korea. Therefore, I hope there will be broader experiments concerned with this study to make clear not only nutritional aspect(the contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, and Mn) but also toxicological aspect(the contents of Pb and Cd).

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.263-269
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• 2020

Zeolite was synthesized hydrothermally using the water-treatment sludge, and the effects of various synthesis parameters like reaction temperature, reaction time, and Na2O/SiO2 molar ratio on the crystallization of zeolite were investigated. Crystal structure, physical property, and thermal stability of zeolite crystals were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, BET nitrogen adsorption, and TGA measurements. The removal efficiencies of nitrogen in ammonia, heavy metal ions, and TOC were calculated to evaluate zeolite's adsorption capacity. The primary chemical composition of water-treatment sludge was 28.79% Al2O3 and 27.06% SiO2. The zeolites were synthesized by merely employing the water-treatment sludge as silica and alumina sources without additional chemicals. Zeolite crystals synthesized through the water-treatment sludge were confirmed as an A-type zeolite structure. Zeolite A had the highest crystallinity obtained from a gel with the molar composition 2.1Na2O-Al2O3-1.6SiO2-65H2O after 5 h at a temperature of 90 ℃. The specific surface area of zeolite obtained was 55 ㎡ g-1, which was higher than commercial zeolite A. The removal efficiency of nitrogen in ammonia was 68% after 3 h of reaction time, while the removal efficiencies of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions were 99.1% and 99.3%, respectively. These results indicate active ion exchange between Pb2+ or Cd2+ ion and Na+ ion in the zeolite framework. The adsorption experiments on the different zeolite addition conditions were performed for 3 h with 300 ppm humic acid. Based on the results, TOC's highest efficiency was 83% when 5 g of zeolite was added.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.253-262
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• 2012

With the aim of remediating soils contaminated by heavy metals and oil, experimental research was conducted to evaluate the optimal design factors for remediation in terms of efficient soil washing methods and processes. The experiments employed absorptiometric analysis and gas chromatography methods to reduce the concentration of heavy metals such as cooper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in contaminated soils. The experimental processes consisted of deciding on the washing solution, washing time, and dilution ratio for contaminated soils. A dissolution analysis of heavy metals was then performed by the addition of surfactant, based on the results of the decision experiments, and the injection processes of microbes and hydrogen peroxide were selected. The experimental results revealed that reduction effects in contaminated soils under the experimental conditions were most efficient with hydrochloric acid 0.1 mole, washing time 1 hour, and dilution ratio 1:3, individually. Additional reduction effects for heavy metals and TPH were found with the addition of a washing solution of 1% of surfactant. The addition of microbes and hydrogen peroxide caused a reduction in TPH concentration.