• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 1994

It is very important to assess accurately the terms which are included in the heat budget equation of soil surface because they are used in the UM and miso-scale circulation modeling as well as in the micrometeorological studies. Each terms in the heat budget equation change according to the soil moisture content. So, it is necessary to specify clearly the relations between soil moisture content and these terms. Special experiment with micrometeorological measurements was executed to study these relations at Environmental Research Center of Tsukuba University, Japan. The results are as follow: 1. The soil moisture contents of 1 cm and 4 cm depth are oscillated with one day Period in drying process and the amplitude of variation of 1 cm depth is greater than that of 4 cm. 2. Increase in soil moisture contents due to precipitation result in decrease of albedo with step function. 3. Sensible heat is in reverse proportion to the soil moisture content and latent heat is in direct proportion to it. Latent heat is more sensitive than sensible heat according to the soil moisture variation. Net long wave radiation have high correlation with soil moisture. 4. Comparing with the radiative term with the flux term in wetting process due to precipitation, the energy transfer of the aero and thermodynamic flux is greater than that of the radiative heat flux.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.489-495
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• 2023

This study evaluated the effects of heat treatment on gastrodin and gastrodigenin content, and antioxidant activities, in Gastrodia elata Blume. Gastrodin and gastrodigenin content was analyzed post-method validation, and antioxidant activity evaluation, including assessing total polyphenol content, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging activities, was done. The validation of the analysis method demonstrated excellent linearity. The limits of quantification of gastrodin and gastrodigenin were 2.89 and 3.47 ㎍/mL, respectively. Moreover, the results of intra- and inter-day precision analysis demonstrated relative standard deviation values, within 5%. The recovery rates for gastrodin and gastrodigenin were 97.22~98.85 and 97.99~99.91%, respectively, indicating good accuracy. Under different heat treatment conditions, gastrodin and gastrodigenin content significantly increased (p<0.05), ranging from 91.15 to 310.27 and 559.66 to 830.02 mg/100 g DW, respectively. Additionally, the total polyphenol content exhibited a significant (p<0.05) increasing trend, ranging from 1,444 to 1,798 mg/100 g DW, as the temperature and time of heat treatment increased. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities demonstrated an increasing trend at 120℃ during heat treatment. These research findings are expected to enhance our understanding of the changes in gastrodin and gastrodigenin content, and antioxidant effects in Gastrodia elata Blume during heat treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1326-1331
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• 2004

In this paper, we have investigated thermal properties and Impurities content of specimens showing by changing the content of carbon black that is semiconductive materials for underground power transmission. Specimens were made of sheet form with the three of existing resins and the nine of specimens for measurement. Impurities content of specimens was measured by ICPAES(Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer). Heat capacity(ΔH) and melting temperature(Tm) were measured by DSC(Differential Scanning Calorimetry). The ranges of measurement temperature were from $0^{\circ}C$ to 20$0^{\circ}C$, and heating temperature was 4$^{\circ}C$/min. And then thermal diffusivity was measured by LFA 447. The measurement temperature was $25^{\circ}C$. Impurities content was highly measured according to increasing the content of carbon black from ICPAES results. And heat capacity and melting temperature from the DSC results were simultaneously decreased according to increasing the content of carbon black, while thermal diffusivity was increased according to increasing the content of carbon black. Because ionic impurities of carbon black containg Fe, Co, Mn, Al, and Zn were rapidly increasing kinetic energy by vibration of ionic impurities through the applied heat energy.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.455-458
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• 2004

In this paper, we investigated impurities content and physical properties showing by changing the content of carbon black that is semiconductive materials for underground power transmission. Specimens were made of sheet form with the three of existing resins and the nine of specimens for measurement. Impurities content of specimens was measured by ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer), and density of specimens were measured by density meter And then specific heat (Cp) was measured by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). A ranges of measurement temperature were from $0^{\circ}[C]$ to $200^{\circ}[C]$, and heating temperature was $4^{\circ}[C/min]$. Impurities content was highly measured according to increasing the content of carbon black from this experimental result, also density was increased according to these properties. Especially impurities content values of the Al and A2 of existing resins were measured more than 4000［ppm］. Specific heat from the DSC results was decreased according to increasing the content of carbon black. Because ionic impurities of carbon black having Fe, Co, Mn, Al and Zn are rapidly passed kinetic energy increasing the number of times breaking during the unit time with the near particles according to increasing vibration of particles by the applied heat energy.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.389-393
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide beauticians with the fundamental material for them to use effectively heat permanent wave and satisfy their customers. It carried out an experiment with hair of a woman in her late twenties to investigate the change of physical and morphologic characteristics by its water content when performing heat permanent wave. It evaluated the water content as 0g, 1g, 2g, 3g and 4g respectively when performing the heat permanent wave on hair, then it compared and observed the wave type, tensile strength and elongation for its physical change also observed the morphologic change by scanning electronic microscope and transmission electronic microscope. The result of experiment on the physical specificity revealed that the wave was the most ideal when the water content was 2 g. The material with much water content made wave but the result was not satisfied. In the case of hair with water content of nearly 0g didn't make wave. In terms of tensile strength and elongation, the tensile strength was generally reduced as hair was damaged, on the contrary, the elongation was increased. It observed the change of morphologic characteristic and got the result that the damage on hair cuticle was deepen as its water content was decreased. It also showed the result that damage happened on hair cuticle more than hair cortex with the observation of fine structure on hair section by transmission electronic microscope. Generally chemical treatment damaged hair. Under consideration of this aspect, the ultimate goal of this thesis is to minimize the damage of hair caused by chemical treatment and get the satisfaction on the hair style. The result of experiment presented that the hair showed the best result when its water content was 2 g.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.58-64
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• 2004

Although leakage at a low carbon steel pipe made by electrical resistance welding (ERW) was reported due to grooving corrosion, the cause for the corrosion has not yet been cleared. In order to clarify the main cause, failure analysis on the leaked pipe was carried out, followed by metallographic investigation and corrosion test for the various ERW pipe made with different welding heat input. The microstructure, particularly inclusion content, of the weldment is dependant on the welding heat input applied. For an improper low heat input, the amount of inclusion at the weld was high. High inclusion content accelerated grooving corrosion at the weld. It is therefore that welding heat input should be controlled based on the carbon content of the pipe in order to improve the corrosion resistance of the ERW pipe.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.49-55
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• 2004

Properties of concrete using low heat portland cement is different from using ordinary portland cement and temperature of aggregate can be expected to have an important influence on its properties. In this study, experiment by setting up 5 levels (40, 30, 20, 4, $-2^{\circ}C$) by temperature of aggregate for evaluation properties of concrete using low heat portland cement was conducted. The experiments include slump test, air content test, change of slump, change of air content and compressive strength of concrete test. As the result of experiments, slump and air content was decreased by increasing temperature of aggregate. But it was not exceeding it's limit. Change of slump and air content was rapidly decrease by decreasing temperature of aggregate. At early age, compressive strength was influenced by the temperature of aggregate.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.11-22
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• 2008

The goal of this study is to provide beauticians with the fundamental material to use effectively heat permanent wave in beauty industry as well as their customer's satisfaction. It carried out an experiment with damaged hair of a woman in her late twenties to investigate the change of physical and morphological characteristics by its water content when performing heat permanent wave. After spreading 0g, 1g, 2g, 3g, and 4g of water on damaged hair respectively, heat permanent wave was treated and the change of hair was observed. The change of physical characteristic was compared through permanent wave form of hair, tensile strength and elongation. The change of morphological characteristic was observed through Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM). The result of experiment on the physical specificity revealed that permanent wave form was the most ideal when the water content was 2g, also 3g. Though the materials with much moisture content formed the results were not satisfied. The material with 0g of water content didn't make the wave. In terms of tensile strength and elongation, tensile strength was generally reduced as per the damaged degree of hair. On the contrary, elongation was increased. It observed the changes of morphological characteristic that the damage on hair cuticle was deepen, as its moisture content was decreased, and cuticle's surface was worn away. The observation of fine structure on hair section by transmission electronic microscope also certainly showed the result that damaged hair having experience with chemical treatment had got much damaged to hair cuticle as well as hair cortex. Generally chemical treatment makes hair damaged. Under consideration of this aspect, the ultimate goal of this thesis is to minimize the damage of hair caused by chemical treatment and get the satisfaction on the hair style. According to the result of experiment, the damaged hair whose moisture content was 3g showed the best permanent wave form.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.356-359
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• 2010

Glass transition phenomena in nine Korean pure honeys (moisture content 18.3~20.1%) and honey-water mixtures by different water contents (0, 2, 5, and 10% w/w) were investigated with modulated different scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The total, reversing, and non-reversing heat flows were quantified during heating using MDSC. Glass transition was observed from reversing heat flow separated from the total heat flow. The glass transition temperatures ($T_g$) of pure honeys, which are in the range of $-42.7^{\circ}C$ to $-50.0^{\circ}C$, varied a lot with low determination coefficient ($R^2$=0.63), whereas those of honey-water mixtures decreased with a decrease in honey content. The $T_g$ values were also more significantly different among honey-water mixtures when compared to pure honeys, indicating that in the honey-water mixture system the $T_g$ values appear to be greatly dependent on moisture content. The measured heat capacity change (${\Delta}C_p$) was not influenced by moisture content.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.540-545
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• 2014

Multipass self-shielded flux cored arc welding with different heat inputs (1.3–2.0 kJ/mm) was conducted to determine the effects of the heat input on the proportion of the reheated region, impact toughness, and diffusible hydrogen content in the weld metal. The reheated region showed twice the impact toughness of the as-deposited region because of its fine grained ferritic-pearlitic microstructure. With decreasing heat input, the proportion of the reheated region in the weld metal became higher, even if the depth of the region became shallower. Accordingly, the greatest impact toughness, 69 J at −40℃, was obtained for the lowest heat input welding, 1.3 kJ/mm. Irrespective of the heat input, little difference was observed in the hardness and diffusible hydrogen content in the weld metal. This result implies that low heat input welding with 1.3 kJ/mm can be performed to obtain a higher proportion of reheated region and thus greater impact toughness for the weld metal without the concern of hydrogen cracking.