• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2005

This study is based on previous information regarding reduced cardiac vagal activity in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD), on reduced variance(SDNN : standard deviation of all normal RR intervals), low-frequency power(LF), and the complexity of heart rate variability(HRV) in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF), and on the normalized high-frequency power of HRV is the highest in the right lateral decubitus position among 3 recumbent postures in patients with CAD, However, nothing is known about the nonlinear dynamics of HRV for the 3 recumbent postures in patients with CAD. To investigate the linear and non-linear characteristics of HRV in patients with CAD, 29 patients as CAD group and 23 patients as control group were studied. Electrocardiogram(ECG) with lead II channel was measured on these patients for 3 recumbent postures in random order. The HRV from ECG was analyzed with linear method(for time and frequency domains) and nonlinear method. The lower the high-frequency power in normalized unit(nHF) in the supine or left lateral decubitous position, the higher the increase in nHF when the position was changed from supine or left lateral decubitous to right lateral decubitous. Among the 3 recumbent postures in patients with severe CAD, the right lateral decubitus position was observed to induce the highest vagal modulation, the lowest sympathetic modulation, and the highest complexity of human physiology system.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.503-511
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• 2007

Heart rate variability(HRV) is the clinical consequence of various influences of the autonomic nervous system(ANS) on heart beat. HRV can estimate the potential physiologic rhythm from the interval between consecutive beats(RR interval or HRV data), but cardiovascular system governed by ANS is in relation to respiration and autonomic regulation. It is known as RSA representing respiration-related HR rhythmic oscillation. Because the mechanism linking the variability of HR to respiration is complex, it has so far been unknown well. In this paper, we tried to evaluate 5-min RR interval segments under control of respiration in order to find out a proper respiration rate that can estimate the ANS function. 10 healthy volunteers were included to evaluate 5-min HRV data under 4 different respiration-controlled environments; 0.03Hz, 0.1Hz, 0.2Hz, and 0.4Hz respiration. HRV data were analyzed both in the frequency and the time domain, with cross-correlation coefficient(cross-coeff.) for HRV and respiration signal. The results showed maximum cross-coeff. of 0.84 at 0.1 Hz and minimum that of 0.16 at 0.4Hz respiration. Cross-coeff was decreased at a faster rate from 0.1Hz respiration. All mean SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50 of time domain measures were 108.7ms, 71.85ms, and 28.47%, respectively, and LF, HF, and TP of frequency domain measures were $12,722ms^2,\;658.8ms^2$, and $7,836.64ms^2$ at 0.1Hz respiration, respectively. In conclusion, 0.1Hz respiration was observed to be very meaningful from time domain and frequency domain analysis in relation to respiration and autonomic regulation of the heart.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

목적 : 양심안영(養心安營), 청신녕지(淸神寧志), 조리기혈(調理氣血)의 효능을 가진 심유혈(心兪穴)($BL_{15}$)이 자율신경의 안정에 기여할 수 있다는 것을 입증하기 위하여 객관적으로 자율신경의 활성과 심장의 많은 연관성이 있다고 알려진 HRV(Heart Rate Variability)를 이용하였다. 방법 : 안정을 취한 후 29명의 남자 대상자를 HRV가 먼저 측정하였다. HRV 측정 후 대상자의 량측(兩側) 심유혈(心兪穴)에 자침하고 전침으로 지속적인 자극을 주었으며, 15분간 이 상태로 류침(留鍼)하였다. 발침(拔鍼) 후 다시 HRV를 측정하여 이를 측정 전과 비교하였다. 측정 결과의 비교 항목은 MHRT, SDNN, RMSSD, TP, VLF, LF, HF, Norm LF, Norm HF, LF/HF ratio로 하였다. 결과 : MHRT는 유의성이 있었다. SDNN은 유의성이 없었다. RMSSD는 증가하였으나, 유의성이 없었다. TP는 감소하였으나, 유의성이 없었다. VLF는 감소하였으나, 유의성이 없었다. LF는 감소하였으나, 유의성이 없었다. HF는 증가하였으나, 유의성은 없었다. Norm LF는 감소하였으나, 유의성이 없었다. Norm HF는 증가하였으나, 유의성은 없었다. LF/HF ratio는 감소하였으나, 유의성이 없었다. 결론 : 심유혈(心兪穴) 자침 결과는 교감 신경의 흥분을 가라앉히고 부교감 신경의 안정성을 증대하여, 심장의 안정도에 기여하는 것으로 보이나, 이는 통계적으로 의미가 없었다. 본 연구의 대상 집단이 소규모이며 스트레스가 아주 심하지 않은 집단이라는 점에서 유의성이 상대적으로 부각되지 못했다. 향후 비교할 만한 대조군을 설정하여 더 심한 스트레스를 받은 큰 집단을 대상으로 한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.164-177
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analysis on the Heart Rate Variability(HRV) of some dysmenorrhoea patients. Methods : We studied 30 patients visiting Kyung Hee University East-West Neo Medical Center from 7th Febrary 2007 to 22th Febrary 2007. Women with organic disease were excluded from this study. The severity of dysmenorrhoea were measured by Multidimensional Verbal Rating scale(MVRS), Verbal Rating scale (VRS) and Visual Analog Scale(VAS). And HRV was recorded. Results : According to comparison of Means of HRV values among the groups of None, Mild and Moderate, the points of almost all values were kept by order of Moderate group-Mild group-None group. Among these, the statistically significant things are PR, SDNN, Ln (TP), Ln (VLF), Ln (LF). According to correlation analysis between dysmenorrhoea and HRV, specially, there were many correlations in VRS2. Among these, the statistically significant things are LF norm, HF norm, LF/HF ratio(p<0.05L). Conclusion : The results suggest that HRV is related to dysmenorrhoea. We may analyze that dysmenorrhoea is related to, specially, increased activities of sympathetic nerve. We need more study for settling this.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.109-116
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• 2008

Objectives : This study investigated the effect of imbalance of autonomic nerve system on the idiopathic facial palsy by the comparison Heart Rate Variability results of Facial palsy group and healthy control group, and to clarify correlation between House-Brackmann Grade and Heart Rate Variability results. Methods : 119 idiopathic facial palsy patients and 88 health subjects who underwent HRV test were retrospectively reviewed based on medical records. We compared between the HRV results of facial palsy group and that of normal control group, and also compared the HRV results of facial palsy subgroup classified by House-Brackmann Grade. Results 1. All HRV results－Mean Heart Rat(MHRT), Standard Deviation of all the Normal RR intervals(SDNN), Total Power(TP), Very Low Frequency(VLF), Low Frequency(LF), High Frequency(HF), ratio betwween the Low Frequency and High Frequency power(LF/HF ratio) of facial palsy group are decreased compared to that of normal control group, especially SDNN, TP, VLF, LF, LF/HF ratio showed significant difference(p<0.05). 2. HRV results showed no significant correlation in House-Brackmann Grade. Conclusions : This study showed that lower HRV results of facial palsy group than normal control group and suggests that imbalance of autonomic nerve system related with facial palsy. HRV could be a objective tool to reflect condition of idiopathic facial palsy patients.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.216-230
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analysis on the Stress Response Inventory(SRI) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) of some dysmenorrhoea patients. Methods: We studied 34 patients visiting OO Medical Center from May 2007 to November 2007. And the severity of dysmenorrhoea were measured by Multidimensional Verbal Rating scale(MVRS), Verbal Rating scale (VRS) and Visual Analog Scale(VAS). And SRI and HRV were recorded. Results: According to comparison of Means of HRV values among the groups, most of them were not statistically significant. But the comparison of Means of SRI, the points of almost all values were kept by order of Severe-Moderate-Mild-None group. Most of them are statistically significant. According to correlation analysis between dysmenorrhoea scale and HRV, most of them were not statistically significant. But the correlation analysis between HRV and SRI, there were some correlations. And the correlation analysis between SRI and dysmenorrhoea scale, most of them were statistically significant. According to General Linear Model of Dysmenorrhoea $scale^{\ast}SRI$ and HRV. Dysmenorrhoea scale and SRI influenced values of HRV. But it is hard to conclude the relationship between Dysmenorrhoea $scale^{\ast}SRI$ and HRV Conclusion: The results suggest that stress is related to dysmenorrhoea. But the relation between dysmenorrhoea and HRV was hard to conclude. We need more study for settling the relation between dysmenorrhoea and HRV.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.161-176
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture stimulation and relaxation therapy on autonomic nervous system for students with examination stress by HRV, PSV and to find out relationship with anti-stress effect. Methods : The study group consists of 42 students were classified into three groups randomly : acupuncture stimulation group(male n=8, female n=6), relaxation therapy group(male n=8, female n=6) and rest group(male n=8, female n=6). Using heart rate variability and pupil size variability, we measured the value of HRT, SDNN, SDSD, LF norm, HF norm, LF/HF ratio, Pupil area, and compared the changes the sympathetic- parasympathetic activity. Measurement value were compared before and after, during midterm examination and normal times. Results : 1. HRT, LF/HF ratio, LF norm of acupuncture group was significantly decreased and HF norm were significantly increased in HRV after acupuncture stimulation at a term of examination. While variables of the other group were no significantly different. 2. SDNN of acupuncture group were significantly increased in HRV after acupuncture stimulation at normal times. 3. Pupil area, LF norm, HF norm of three group were no significantly different in PSV at a term of examination. 4. Pupil area of relaxation group were significantly decreased in PSV at normal times. While variables of the other group were no significantly different. 5. HRT of rest group were significantly decreased in HRV between three groups at a term of examination and normal times. 6. Pupil area of relaxation group were significantly decreased in PSV between three groups at a term of examination and normal times. Conclusion : The results suggest that acupuncture stimulation is associated with changed activity in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Measurement values of HRV and PSV are suitable to estimate the activity of automatic nervous system.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 2008

This study is to investigate cardiotonic effect of acupuncture on heart rate variability(HRV) analyzed by a nonlinear way(DFA, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis). It was designed as a randomized, single-blind, waiting list-controlled, cross-over study. We assessed heart rate and R-R intervals in Circadian electrocardiography with a Holter monitoring device for twelve hospitalized participants. The compatible analytical program, Zymed, was used for generating the signals of R-R intervals from 24 hour-ECG. In DFA analysis, we produced DFA alpha 1, alpha 2 parameters according to the process of Cygwin module of Linux server. We tested if there was any difference between HRV parameters using SPSS, a statistical package. There was no difference between acupuncture and no treatment group in DFA alpha 2 parameter {95% Confidence Interval (-)0.058 - 0.037, P = .565}. Two group all showed large intra-individual variations. Consequently, acupuncture treatment did not modulate the complexity of HRV in a DFA analysis. This study can be a rationale for acupuncture's properties on cardiovascular and autonomic systems.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.173-180
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the effect auricular acupuncture for acute mental stress using power spectrum analysis of the heart rate variability(HRV). Methods : 10 healthy volunteers participated in this study. After 5 minute rest, the first mental stress was provided for 5 minute. And then subjects rested for 15 minute. The second mental stress was provided for 5 minute. The acupoint, Shin-Mun point of the ear was stimulated for 15 minute. HRV was recorded before and after the first and second mental stress, and after auricular acupuncture stimulation. Results : After mental stress, normalized LF and LF/HF ratio is significantly increased. Before and after simple rest, normalized LF and normalized HF is significantly changed, but LF and LF/HF ratio is not significantly changed. On the other hand, before and after auricular acupuncture treatment, normalized LF, normalized HF is significantly changed, and also LF and LF/HF ratio is significantly decreased. Conclusion : The result suggest that auricular acupuncture can decrease more significantly in cardiac sympathetic activity due to mental stress than simple rest.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.47-60
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chuna treatment on cervical sprain caused by traffic accident in early stage. Methods : This study carried out on 20 patients who have received hospital treatment in Daejeon Univ. cheonan Oriental Hospital. Non-chuna group got acupunture-therapy, herbal medication, physical therapy and Chuna group got chuna treatment besides. We measured Heart Rate Variability(HRV) and Visual Analog Scale(VAS) on 2nd, 4th day. Results : After being treated by our methods, Chuna Group showed the inclination to balance the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve. In chuna group, an autonomic nerve activity showed the inclination to increase. But there were no significant difference between both groups. Chuna group's VAS were significantly decreased(p=0.043). Conclusions : The results suggest that Chuna treatment help traffic accident patients in early stage to reduce pain. Refer to autonomic nerve system, chuna treatment seem to do positive effect but Further long tenn study in a large scale is needed.