• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Compelling evidence indicates that consumption of trans-fatty acids (TFA) is associated with a wide range of diseases. However, few validated tools for TFA intake assessment are available in Korea. We aimed to validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) estimating usual intake of TFA in Korean adults. MATERIALS/METHODS: Eighty-two healthy adults completed an FFQ with a 3-day diet record (3DDR), and 58 completed a second FFQ at a 1-month interval. To assess the reproducibility of the FFQ, we compared estimated TFA intakes from each FFQ. To assess the validity, we compared estimates from the FFQ with those from the 3DDR. RESULTS: The FFQ was reproducible (Spearman r = 0.71) and provided modest correlations with the 3DDR (Spearman r = 0.38). After adjustment for total energy intake, the correlations increased (r = 0.45). Measurement-error correction also de-attenuated the correlations (r = 0.57). When quintiles of the FFQ and 3DDR were joint-classified, 9% on average were misclassified into extreme quintiles. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the developed FFQ is reproducible and reasonably valid in categorizing individuals according to TFA intakes among healthy young and middle aged adults in Korea.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.459-470
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• 2016

본 연구에서 국가 단위 대규모의 데이터를 활용하여 성인 남녀를 대상으로 연령대 (19~49세, 50~64세)로 구분 후 보건복지부에서 제시한 국민건강증진 종합계획 (Health Plan 2020)의 영양분야 중 건강식생활 실천 상태를 분석하고, 건강식생활 실천 여부에 따른 대사증후군 관련 위험 정도를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 19~49세, 50~64세 연령층에서 모두 여성이 남성에 비해 건강식생활 실천율이 유의적으로 높았으며, 19~49세의 건강식생활 실천율은 40.46%였고, 50~64세에서는 37.07%로 나타났다. 또한 여성에서 나트륨 지표와 영양표시 지표를 목표에 부합하게 실천하는 비율이 남성에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 건강식생활 실천을 하는 대상자 (건강식생활 실천지표 2개 이상 충족)의 경우 건강식생활 비실천군에 비해 칼슘, 칼륨, 비타민 $B_1$, $B_2$, 비타민 C의 섭취 밀도가 유의적으로 높은 식사섭취를 보였다. 50~64세 여성에서 건강식생활을 실천하는 대상자 (건강식생활 실천지표 2개 이상 충족)의 경우 건강식생활을 실천하지 않는 대상자 (건강식생활 실천지표 1개 이하 충족)에 비해 교란인자를 보정 후 복부비만 및 대사증후군의 유병률이 유의적으로 낮게 나타난 의미있는 결과를 도출하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 지방, 나트륨, 과일채소의 섭취와 영양표시 활용 여부로 구성된 건강 식생활 실천율과 대사증후군 위험성을 의미하는 지표와의 관련성을 제안할 수 있는 근거자료가 될 수 있으며, 대사적 질환 예방 및 건강수명 연장을 위한 영양교육시 활용할 수 있는 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2008

목적 : 본 연구는 노인의 주관적 건강과 연관된 요인들을 살펴보고 이러한 것들이 청장년층 들과는 어떻게 다른지를 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 방법 : 본 조사대상은 원주시에 거주하는 노인으로 하여, 65세 이상 노인들의 주관적 건강 결정요인과 $19{\sim}64$세 인구집단의 주관적 건강 결정요인을 분석하고 두 집단에 대하여 각각 회귀분석을 이용하여 이들을 비교하였다. 응답자는 청장년층이 1,685명, 노인이 188명 이다. 주관적 건강은 0에서부터 100까지 10점 단위로 표시하여, 11개의 카테고리로 나뉘어진자 모양의 그림을 제시하여 자신의 건강에 대하여 점수를 표시할 수 있도록 하여 측정하였다. 결과 : 원주시 노인들의 주관적 건강은 '가구소득', '교육', '배우자 유무', '적절한 취침', '불건강에 영향을 받는 일상생활 및 사회생활', '이동능력', '불안', '우울'과 관련이 있었다. 노인들에게서 유의한 변수는 '가구소득', '적절한 취침', '사회활동 참여'였고, 반면, 청장년층의 주관적 건강은 '농촌거주', '규칙적인 운동', '혼자거주', '아침식사 결식'과 같은 요소들이 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 '아침식사 결식'은 노인의 주관적 건강에 유의하지 않았다. 결론 : 원주시 노인들의 건강을 향상시키기 위하여는 노인들의 특별한 요구를 충족시켜줄 수 있는 건강증진 프로그램을 개발하여야 하곤 이를 위해 사회적 자본의 강화와 같은 프로그램들을 건강도시사업에 도입 운영하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.218-222
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• 2017

Purpose: Driving is an important activity that is affected by various motor and cognitive deficits after stroke. On the other hand, there is no standard screening tool to evaluate the sitting asymmetry during driving, which is the stereotyped postural characteristic observed in patients with stroke. Therefore, this study compared the buttock pressure during simulated driving between healthy adults and patients with stroke. Methods: Ten post-stroke patients and ten healthy subjects participated in the experiment. The participants experienced simulated driving of 6.1 km during approximately 5 minutes for adaptation. The driving scenario consisted of 3.5 km urban traffic conditions, 10 km straight highway, and 7 km curved or hilly rural roads. Force sensitive application (FSA) was used to analyze the distribution of the buttock pressure on the driver's seat. The symmetry index (SI) was determined using the average buttock pressure of each side of the buttock. The closer SI is to zero, the higher the symmetry of buttock pressure. Results: These studies showed that the SI of healthy subjects was significantly closer to zero than that of the stroke patients. Conclusion: The buttock pressure of the stroke patients showed more asymmetry than that of the healthy subjects during simulated driving. Therefore, a therapeutic approach is needed for symmetrical sitting to improve the driving performance.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2021

Background: The serratus anterior and upper trapezius muscles act synergistically to allow for an appropriate scapulothoracic rhythm. However, a decrease in serratus anterior activation causes the upper trapezius to become overactivated, resulting in dysfunction. This study compared serratus anterior and upper trapezius muscle activity according to sling angle and compared serratus anterior strength between healthy adults and patients with shoulder instability. Methods: Twenty participants (10 healthy adults and 10 patients with shoulder instability) were included in this study. The participants had their arms extended at sling angles of 30°, 60°, and 90° in reach forward with shoulder flexion using goniometer. Serratus anterior strength was measured three times while the participants were supine. The outcome measures were surface electromyography amplitude of the upper trapezius and serratus anterior and serratus anterior strength. Results: The Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that the upper trapezius was significantly different between healthy group and shoulder instability group at a sling angle of 60°, and both the upper trapezius and serratus anterior exhibited significant differences at 90°. Moreover, a significant difference was noted in the muscle strength of the serratus anterior. Conclusion: Our results provide novel and promising clinical evidence that patients with shoulder instability have decreased serratus anterior activation and upper trapezius overactivation, resulting in muscle imbalance. In addition, there was a significant difference between the healthy group and shoulder instability group in the serratus anterior muscle strength

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1315-1323
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• 1998

Effect of oral taurine supplementation on plasma total and phospholidpid -fatty acid profiles and their metabolism were evaluated in healthy female adults. Among twenty five female volunteers(23.6$\pm$0.3 years old ) participated in the taruine supplementation program(6g taurine /day), twenty four subjects succesfully completed the 2 week program , and only nine subjects continued to take taurine for another 2 weeks. Levels of plasma fatty acids and taruine were measured by gas-liquid chromatobraphy and an automated amino acid analyzer based on ion exchange chromatography, respectively. Plasma taurine concentration s of the subjects were 108. 7$\pm$3.4 , 184.2$\pm$8.2 and 235.9$\pm$77.0$\mu$emol/L at 0 , 2 and 4 weeks of taurine supplementation. Fatty acid compositions and elongation and desaturation indices of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in plasma total lipids were not influenced by oral taurine supplementation. However, fatty acid compositions and their metabolism in plasma phospholipids were significantly affected by taurine supplementation in female adults. Compared to the values for 0 week, the percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in plasma phospholipid was significantly lowered at 2 weeks, but elevated at 4 weeks of taurine supplementation. In contrast , the percentage of phospholipid PUFA significantly increased at 2 weeks and decreased at 4 weeks of taurine supplementation from to the values for 0 weeks. Foru weeks of oral taurine supplementation signifinatly elevated the eongation index(20 : 4$\omega$6 ⇒22 : 4 $\omega$6, p<0.01), and decreased the desaturation index (20 : 3 $\omega$6 ⇒20 : 4 $\omega$6 , p<0.01) of $\omega$6 fatty acids in plasma phospholipids. Plasma taurine concentration was positively correlated with the percentage of 14 : 0 fatty acids and the enlongation index o f$\omega$3 fatty acids(20 : 5 $\omega$3 ⇒22 : 5 $\omega$3), and thenegatively correlated with the percentage of 20 : 0 in plasma phospholipids. These results indicate that oral taurine supplementation for 4 weeks signidicantly elelvated the percentage of SFA, and lowered the percentage of PUFA in plasma phospholipids with no influence on plasm total fatty aicd composition in healthy female adults.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.391-399
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• 2021

Purpose: As laptop use increases throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and its use outside of traditional workstations proliferates, it is imperative to expand the limited research available regarding ergonomic exposure. This study aimed to identify the effects of a laptop supporter on biomechanical characteristics in the wrist joint muscles of healthy young adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study design with thirty-four healthy young adults as participants. They conducted a typing exercise performed under two different conditions, which were with and without a notebook computer supporter. This study measured the biomechanical characteristics of the muscles of the wrist joints including the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), and the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU). Measurements were taken three times: before typing, immediately after typing for 30 minutes with a supporter, and immediately after typing for 30 minutes without a supporter. The statistical method to compare the three different measurement conditions was the repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The participants showed significantly different levels of dynamic stiffness in both the FCU before typing and immediately after 30 minutes of typing with a supporter, and showed significantly different levels of dynamic stiffness in the FCR before typing and immediately after 30 minutes of typing with a supporter. The dynamic stiffness level immediately after 30 minutes of typing without a supporter was significantly different than that immediately after 30 minutes of typing with a supporter. However, the muscle tone was not significantly different among the three different conditions. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that a laptop supporter used to correct the eye level of the electronic screen increases the dynamic stiffness of the wrist joint flexors, so it is necessary to consider the neutral position of the wrist joint during typing.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The association between dietary patterns and depression has been reported but the results have been inconsistent. This study was conducted to investigate the association between dietary patterns and depression in middle-aged Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The participants were selected from a community-based cohort, a subset of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Depression was assessed using the Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and those with a BDI score ${\geq}16$ were defined as having depression. The subjects' food intakes over the year preceding the survey were estimated by using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified by using factor analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association of dietary pattern with depression. RESULTS: Among 3,388 participants, 448 (13.2%) were identified as having depression. We identified two major dietary patterns: 'Healthy' dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of vegetables, soybeans, mushroom, seaweeds, white fish, shellfish and fruits and a low intake of white rice. 'Unhealthy' dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of white rice, meats, ramen, noodles, bread and coffee and a low intake of rice with other grains. Compared with subjects in the lowest quartiles, those in the highest quartiles of the healthy dietary pattern had a significantly lower odds ratio (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.82, P for trend = 0.0037) after adjusting for potential confounders. In contrast, the unhealthy dietary pattern was negatively associated with depression (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.19-2.28, P for trend = 0.0021). CONCLUSION: This results suggest that a healthy dietary pattern (rich in vegetables, soybeans, mushroom, seaweeds, white fish, shellfish, and fruits) is associated with low risk of depression. Whereas an unhealthy dietary pattern (rich in white rice, meats, ramen, noodles, bread, and coffee) is associated with a high risk of depression in middle-aged Korean adults.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2021

[Purpose] This preliminary study aimed to develop a regression model to estimate the non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) of Korean adults using various easy-to-measure dependent variables. [Methods] NEAT was measured in 71 healthy adults (male n = 29; female n = 42). Statistical analysis was performed to develop a NEAT estimation regression model using the stepwise regression method. [Results] We confirmed that age^A, weight^B, heart rate (HR)_average^C, weight × HR_average^D, weight × HR_sum^E, systolic blood pressure (SBP) × HR_rest^F, fat mass ÷ height^2G, gender × HR_average^H, and gender × weight × HR_sum^I were important variables in various NEAT activity regression models. There was no significant difference between the measured NEAT values obtained using a metabolic gas analyzer and the predicted NEAT. [Conclusion] This preliminary study developed a regression model to estimate the NEAT in healthy Korean adults. The regression model was as follows: sitting = 1.431 - 0.013 × (A) + 0.00014 × (D) - 0.00005 × (F) + 0.006 × (H); leg jiggling = 1.102 - 0.011 × (A) + 0.013 × (B) + 0.005 × (H); standing = 1.713 - 0.013 × (A) + 0.0000017 × (I); 4.5 km/h walking = 0.864 + 0.035 × (B) + 0.0000041 × (E); 6.0 km/h walking = 4.029 - 0.024 × (C) + 0.00071 × (D); climbing up 1 stair = 1.308 - 0.016 × (A) + 0.00035 × (D) - 0.000085 × (F) - 0.098 × (G); and climbing up 2 stairs = 1.442 - 0.023 × (A) - 0.000093 × (F) - 0.121 × (G) + 0.0000624 × (E).

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

[Purpose] This pilot study aimed to develop a regression model to estimate the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of Korean adults using various easy-to-measure dependent variables. [Methods] The EPOC and dependent variables for its estimation (e.g., sex, age, height, weight, body mass index, fat-free mass [FFM], fat mass, % body fat, and heart rate_sum [HR_sum]) were measured in 75 healthy adults (31 males, 44 females). Statistical analysis was performed to develop an EPOC estimation regression model using the stepwise regression method. [Results] We confirmed that FFM and HR_sum were important variables in the EPOC regression models of various exercise types. The explanatory power and standard errors of estimates (SEE) for EPOC of each exercise type were as follows: the continuous exercise (CEx) regression model was 86.3% (R²) and 85.9% (adjusted R²), and the mean SEE was 11.73 kcal, interval exercise (IEx) regression model was 83.1% (R²) and 82.6% (adjusted R²), while the mean SEE was 13.68 kcal, and the accumulation of short-duration exercise (AEx) regression models was 91.3% (R²) and 91.0% (adjusted R²), while the mean SEE was 27.71 kcal. There was no significant difference between the measured EPOC using a metabolic gas analyzer and the predicted EPOC for each exercise type. [Conclusion] This pilot study developed a regression model to estimate EPOC in healthy Korean adults. The regression model was as follows: CEx = -37.128 + 1.003 × (FFM) + 0.016 × (HR_sum), IEx = -49.265 + 1.442 × (FFM) + 0.013 × (HR_sum), and AEx = -100.942 + 2.209 × (FFM) + 0.020 × (HR_sum).