• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2012

Objectives : Understanding the emotions, thoughts, feelings and behaviors of others, as well as oneself, is part of the mentalizing function. We developed a new school-based community model for mental health, called the Mentalization Improvement Program for Adolescent-Community Model (MIPAdo-CM), based on the concept of mentalization. Methods : The MIPAdo-CM was composed of 12 sessions and was applied to 403 students in the 2nd grade of a middle school. Every session was conducted after the regular school hours for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, we compared the endpoint changes of Adolescent Mental Problem Questionnaire-Revised (AMPQ-R), Emotional Empathy Test (EET), Peer Aggression Scale (PAS), Peer Bullying Scale (PBS), School Adjustment Scale (SAS), Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) and Visual Analogue Scale between the subject and the control group. Results : There was no significant difference between two groups in AMPQ-R, EET, PAS, PBS, SAS, and TAI. On the Visual Analoge Scale, however, students in the trial classes reported more increase in understanding and respect for both others and themselves. Conclusion : The efficacy of MIPAdo-CM was subjective improvement of understanding and respect for both others and themselves, erence between two groups in AMPQ-R, Empathy test, To prove objective usefulness of this program, further studies with more structured design will be needed.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.466-472
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• 2011

Hazardous chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals, are known as being harmful to human health were included in oils released by the Herbei Spirit Oil Spill accident in December 2007. To investigate changes of eating habits by the exposure to harmful substances, we conducted 5 focus group interviews for residents at Taean coast areas, who had experienced the oil spill accident. Participants included 46 women (mean age: $57.2{\pm}10.9$) who were mainly responsible for preparing family meals. Focus group discussions were audio-taped, transcribed and categorized by themes. Participants expressed more frequent illness symptoms such as dizziness, vomiting, visual loss, and skin diseases after the accident. They mentioned that their worries about economic hardship and worsened health status since the accident induced mental problems, such as depression about their children. Regarding eating habits, participants reported less intakes of fishes and meats and relatively more intakes of vegetables and kimchi due to the lack of household incomes after the accident. Although the participants had been used to collecting or catching fish or shellfish for their consumption previously, they mainly purchased these foods from local markets after the accident. Changes of eating habits induced by the accident included drinking boiled water and having steamed or fried seafood rather than raw seafood. Changes of food intakes occurred less frequently in older adults due to their longterm fixed eating habits, although they felt uncomfortable for having raw fish. The findings of this study clearly present that the exposure of hazardous substances by the oil spill accident had a significant impact on changes in eating habits besides economic, physical, and mental problems among the residents in Taean. Continuous health and nutrition monitoring and support are needed.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.13-29
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to describe about elders with dementia, their families, and their living environment by visiting the households where demented elders resided. The findings will be used as a basis to develop future individualized adjustment programs for demented elders and their families living in communities. The study participants were 64 demented elders and their families who were registered to a dementia counseling center at Nam-Gu community health center located in Inchon, Korea. Data were collected for two months, from May to June 2001. The length of data collection for each home visit ranged from 1.5 to 2.5 hours. Conclusion are as follows based on these study findings: Those demented elders had more than one chronic health problem in addition to their pre-existing dementia condition. Two thirds of the demented elders were not receiving any specific treatment for dementia. They showed a moderate level of independence in basic ADL, but were mostly residing at home because of lack of ability to perform more delicate and complicate routine daily activities by themselves. In addition, the primary caregivers were not well adjusted to the care-giving activities for their demented family members due to the lack of knowledge and information about dementia. The caregivers were mostly women including daughters-in-law, woman spouses and daughters, over a half of whom perceived their physical and mental health status as poor. Their image toward the demented elders was considerably negative. while their level of knowledge on dementia was moderate. The burden for the care-giving was high, whereas their coping method was passive. As the difference in image toward elderly before and after the onset of dementia in their family member increases, the caregiver burden also increased. The main resource of social support for the caregivers was their children. The caregivers showed high level of needs for knowledge and information on dementia, and day care service was the most preferred type of service by the caregivers. There was lack of safety in the living environments for the demented elders and their families, and in the surrounding environments to prevent dementia-related symptoms. Considering that home-based family care-giving is the most culturally appropriate model of providing care for the demented elders in Korea, we need to develop and apply an individualized adjustment program for the demented elders and their families.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.421-430
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate whether mass drug administration (MDA) intervention has an equivalent effect on reducing the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection regardless of the baseline values. A repeated cross-sectional survey was performed targeting students of 12 primary schools in Al Jabalain and El Salam districts of White Nile State, Sudan, at both 1 week before and 8 months after the MDA. Prior to the baseline survey, schoolaged children in Al Jabalain had received MDA interventions twice in 4 years, while those in El Salam had not. The baseline prevalence was 9.1% in Al Jabalain and 35.2% in El Salam, which were reduced to 1.8% and 5.5% at 8 months after the MDA, respectively. The corresponding reduction rates were 80.3% and 84.4%, not significant difference between both districts. However, changes in the geometric mean intensity (GMI) of egg counts were significantly different between both districts. The baseline GMIs were 14.5 eggs per 10 ml of urine (EP10) in Al Jabalain and 18.5 EP10 in El Salam, which were reduced to 7.1 and 11.2 EP10 after treatment, respectively. The corresponding reduction rates were 51.0% and 39.5%. In conclusion, MDA interventions were found to bring about similar relative reduction in prevalence regardless of the baseline value; however, the relative reduction in infection intensity was more salient in the district with a low baseline value for both prevalence and intensity. This clearly points to the importance of repeated MDA interventions in endemic areas, which will eventually contribute to schistosomiasis elimination.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.798-806
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• 2020

치면열구전색법은 건전한 구치부의 교합면의 좁고 깊은 소와나 열구를 전색 하여 교합면에 발생되는 치아우식증을 예방하기 위한 술식이다. 치면열구전색의 급여화 기준 확대 및 국가구강보건사업 결정에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 본 연구는 국민영양조사 원시자료 제 5기, 6기, 7기 자료를 토대로 만 6~18세 이하 소아청소년을 총 4,366명을 대상으로 치면열구전색 수혜량과 수혜률을 조사하였다. 2012년 치면열구전색 수혜률에서는 나이, 동. 읍면, 월 평균 가구소득에서 차이가 있었고. 일반적 특성이 수혜에 미치는 요인에서는 2014년 월평균 가구소득 2017년 나이, 월평균 가구소득에서 수혜률 차이가 나타났다(P<0.05). 연도별 일반적 특성이 수혜에 미치는 요인에서 2012년에서 동. 읍면, 월 평균 가구소득 2014년은 월 평균 가구소득, 2017년은 나이와 월 평균 가구소득이 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 치아우식증에 효과적인 치면열구전색의 수혜량과 수혜률 증가를 위해서는 지속적인 사업의 홍보와, 본인부담금 감소 및 대상 치아 및 연령 확대, 소외지역 및 취약계층에 대한 지원 확대 방안에 대해서 다각적으로 논의해야 할 것으로 요구되어진다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

In order to resolve the decline in population due to low birthrates, the South Korean government is expanding its free child care policies with an increased budget. In anticipating the effects and problems of our system, it will be worthy of attention to refer to the child care systems of other countries. In this paper, we reviewed the past and present policies and the current situation of the child care system in North Korea. North Korea started its free child care system earlier than that of South Korea, for the purpose of utilizing the women's labor force and rearing children to be revolutionary men of Juche type (Kimilsungism), in order to construct a communistic society. 'Child Care Education Law', which is the legal foundation of the child care system, regulates institutions for nursery schools and kindergarten and informs people that the country is responsible for support of child care. Despite their interest and progress in both quantity and quality in the child care system until the 1980s, the free child care system was partially disrupted, and discrepancies between ideology and actual situation were revealed due to economic difficulties from the 1990s. Because people's survival and physical health have been threatened, it is barely possible to find any study investigating the effect of institutional child care from early childhood and the instillation of unique ideology by group education from the preschool period on mental health.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.545-552
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• 2017

Increasing concern is being given to the association between risk of cancer and exposure to low-dose bisphenol A (BPA), especially in young-aged population. In this study, we investigated the effects of repeated oral treatment of low to high dose BPA in juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats. Exposing juvenile rats to BPA (0, 0.5, 5, 50, and 250 mg/kg oral gavage) from post-natal day 9 for 90 days resulted in higher food intakes and increased body weights in biphasic dose-effect relationship. Male mammary glands were atrophied at high dose, which coincided with sexual pre-maturation of females. Notably, proliferative changes with altered cell foci and focal inflammation were observed around bile ducts in the liver of all BPA-dosed groups in males, which achieved statistical significance from 0.5 mg/kg (ANOVA, Dunnett's test, p<0.05). Toxicokinetic analysis revealed that systemic exposure to BPA was greater at early age (e.g., 210-fold in $C_{max}$, and 26-fold in AUC at 50 mg/kg in male on day 1 over day 90) and in females (e.g., 4-fold in $C_{max}$ and 1.6-fold in AUC at 50 mg/kg vs. male on day 1), which might have stemmed from either age- or gender-dependent differences in metabolic capacity. These results may serve as evidence for the association between risk of cancer and exposure to low-dose BPA, especially in young children, as well as for varying toxicity of xenobiotics in different age and gender groups.

• 한국가족복지학
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• 제53호
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• pp.45-78
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 노인을 전기(65-74세)와 후기(75세 이상)로 구분지어 각각 자살생각에 미치는 영향요인이 무엇인지 생태체계적 관점에서 파악하는 것이다. 분석 자료는 2014년도 노인실태조사 자료 중 배우자가 있는 전기노인과 후기노인 총 6,201건이다. 노인의 자살생각에 대한 특성을 살펴보기 위해 $X^2$검정을 실시하였고, 자살생각 영향요인을 파악하기 위해서 이항 로지스틱회귀분석을 진행하였다. 분석 결과 전기 후기노인의 자살생각에 영향을 주는 요인에는 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 개인체계 측면 중 인구사회학적 측면의 변수들은 전기노인 보다 후기노인의 자살생각에 더 많은 영향을 미쳤으며, 건강 측면의 변수는 후기노인에게만 영향을 미쳤다. 경제 측면의 변수들은 전기노인에게만 유의미한 영향을 주었다. 가족체계 측면에서는 부부관계와 부부갈등이 전기노인의 자살생각에 영향을 미치나 후기노인은 부부관계 뿐만 아니라 자녀관계 역시 자살생각에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 노인의 자살생각을 감소시키기 위해 노인집단별 맞춤형 접근방식의 필요성을 제언한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.589-597
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• 2008

본 연구는 어린이 기호식품 품질인증제도를 위한 영양 위생기준안 제안을 통해 어린이 먹거리 안전관리의 체계적 수행을 위한 기반 마련을 목적으로 수행되었다. 어린이 기호식품의 품질인증을 위한 영양 위생기준안 제안을 위해, 초등학교 주변 어린이 기호식품의 실태조사 자료와 위해가능성이 제기된 성분관련 문헌고찰을 통해 영양위해성분을 선정하고, 선정된 성분의 기준치 설정을 위한 EU 및 영국, 미국, 캐나다, WHO, Codex 등 국외의 어린이식품관련 기준치 혹은 유사기준, 관련 법령 등에 대한 선행사례 자료를 수집하여 고찰하였다. 이를 바탕으로 한국인 영양섭취기준과 식품 등의 표시기준, 식품공전, 식품의약품안전청 연구 결과 보고 등을 참조하여 어린이 기호식품 중 가공식품에 대한 영양 위생 기준안을 마련하였다. 제안된 영양 위생 기준 항목 중 영양기준은 열량, 당, 지방, 나트륨이며, 위생기준으로는 식품첨가물(타르색소, 카페인)과 aflatoxin $B_1$, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp.의 미생물수준으로 하였다. 제안된 어린이 기호식품 품질인증 기준안의 $\ulcorner$저$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$중$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$고$\lrcorner$ 영양기준치 설정의 현실성을 살펴보고자 시중에서 유통 중인 어린이 기호가공식품 242종을 대상으로 시뮬레이션을 실시해 본 결과, 당, 지방, 나트륨의 $\ulcorner$저$\lrcorner$ 기준치 적용 시에는 조사대상 전체제품 중 0.4%에 해당하는 제품만 포함되었고, $\ulcorner$중$\lrcorner$ 기준치 적용 시에는 최대 22.3%가 해당되었다. $\ulcorner$중$\lrcorner$ 기준치에 1회 분량 당 열량 200 kcal 이하로 제한한 열량기준을 추가 적용한 결과는 17.8%에 해당되는 제품이 기준범위 내에 포함되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 품질인증제도의 실효성을 높이기 위해서는 $\ulcorner$중$\lrcorner$ 기준 적용 등의 기준 완화가 필요하며 해당식품 유형이 유가공품과 음료류에 한정되는 결과를 보이므로, 품질인증대상 확대와 제조업체의 참여도를 높이는 측면에서는 각각의 식품유형에 따른 ‘개별 기준치’ 마련이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 식품유형에 따른 개별 기준치 범위 조정 및 설정을 확립하기 위해서는 추후 체계적인 보완연구가 수행 되어야할 것으로 사료된다.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2009

목 적 : 의미 있는 난청은 정상 신생아에서 1,000명당 1-3명의 비율로 발생하는 흔한 질환으로 신생아 중환자실 집중치료를 받은 경우 1,000명당 2-4명의 비율로 발생하는 것으로 보고되고 있고, 난청의 발생률이 높은 신생아 집중치료를 받은 신생아들도 보험혜택의 제한과 추적관찰 실패율이 높은 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 지난 5년간 신생아 집중치료실에서 퇴원한 아기들의 난청 발병률 및 외래추적 관찰률을 확인하고, 신생아중환자실에서의 청각 선별검사의 의의에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2003년 3월부터 2008년 3월까지 울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 신생아 중환자실에서 집중치료를 받은 총 2,137명 중 2,000명을 대상으로 하였다. 신생아 중환자실 퇴원하기 전 신경과에 의뢰되어 뇌간유발 반응검사(AEP)로 1차 선별검사를 시행 후 비정상으로 나올 경우 신생아중환자실내 혹은 이비인후과 및 신생아 외래에서 추적관찰을 하였다. 결 과 : 2,123명 중 67명이 재검판정을 받아 재검률은 3.35%이었고 52명이 2차 청력검사를 시행 받았다. 세 번 이상의 청력검사를 받고 최종적으로 16명(0.8%)이 치료적 중재가 필요하거나 언어치료와 함께 외래 추적관찰이 필요한 비정상군으로 분류되었다. 비정상군의 평균 재태주령은 36주 6일, 평균 출생체중은 2,180 g, 1분 평균 아프가 점수는 각각 1분에 5점, 5분에 7점이었으며, 1차부터 3차까지의 평균 청력 검사 시행일은 각각 17일, 53일, 152일이었다. 전체 16명 중 남아는 6명이었으며 양측성 청력손실 4명, 편측성 청력손실 2명이었고, 여아는 양측성 청력손실 6명, 편측성 청력손실 4명으로 전체 남녀의 비율은 1:1.67 이었다. 경증, 중증도, 중증 난청 환아 수는 각각 3명, 1명, 2명이었고 최중증 난청 환아는 9명으로 이 중 5명은 양측성 4명은 편측성 청력손실이 있었다. 16명중 5명은 대한민국 보험공단에서 제시하는 고위험군에 포함되는 위험요소가 없었다. 결 론 : 본원 신생아중환자실에서 집중치료를 받은 환아의 0.8%에서 인공와우이식이나 언어치료가 필요한 청각이상을 나타내었다. 이는 정상 신생아에서 보고되는 청각이상에 비하여 약 10배 가량 높은 비율로 향후 의료진들의 신생아 난청의 심각성에 대한 의식변화와 제도적인 측면에서 더 많은 뒷받침으로 향상된 예후를 기대하여 본다.