• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4307-4312
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• 2013

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy of women worldwide. It is the leading cause of female cancer related disability and mortality. In Saudi Arabia breast cancer ranks first among cancerous diseases in females. In the Gulf region, and especially in Saudi Arabia, few studies have been conducted to address breast cancer awareness. The purpose of the current study was therefore to investigate the level of breast cancer awareness among Saudi females in Jeddah, focusing on knowledge of breast cancer warning signs, risk factors, screening programs and breast self-examination (BSE). The design of this study was an exploratory correlational analysis. The sample comprised 200 Saudi females aged 20 and older living in Jeddah. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews. Breast cancer awareness was measured using a modified Arabic version of the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (Breast CAM) version 2. Descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson's Product Moment correlation coefficients and ANOVA test were used to answer study questions. Out of 200 participants, 50.5% were aware of breast lump as a warning sign of breast cancer, 57.5% claimed that family history was risk factor, 20.5% had undergone breast screening, 79% heard about BSE, and 47.5% knew how to perform BSE. Findings indicated that Saudi females level of awareness of breast cancer is very inadequate. Public awareness interventions are needed in order to overcome an ever-increasing burden of this disease among Saudi females.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to present basic policy data for introduction of a home-based physical therapy (HBPT) policy. Methods: The study surveyed physical therapists and patients for six weeks, in order to identify satisfaction with physical therapy. The statistical significance of the management plan with regard to costs and cost estimation and payment methods was determined and managed according to the operating principals of HBPT, eligibility criteria, number of visits, treatment time, and team approach. Results: Through the survey all groups of patients and physical therapists recognized the need for HBPT. They felt that the most desirable methods for activation of physical therapy visits involve precise diagnosis and evaluation through a team approach. While making regular visits to the patient three times a week, an expert visiting physical therapist with 3 to 5 years of experience in the clinical field could provide central nerve developmental treatment in less than 60 minutes; this service could be provided at a reasonable cost, minimizing unnecessary hospital visits, reducing time, medical expenses and facilitating a quick recovery due to psychological satisfaction resulting from a decrease in the psychological anxiety patients often experience in medical institutions. Conclusion: Based on the study results provided above, if HBPT is to be introduced, appropriate pricing and programs should be based on the results of pilot projects.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 1999

The purpose of this survey was to investigate eating habits, life styles and nutritional care of diabetic outpatients and to provide basic data for developing individualized nutritional care and diabetic education programs. This survey was carried out by nutritional counseling with a questionnaire and checking medical record. Information about the general characteristics of the subjects, eating habits, health-related life styles and attitude and perception of subjects to diet therapy was gathered from 200 randomly-sampled diabetic outpatients at a University Hospital located in Inchon. All data were analyzed by Statistical Analysis System(SAS) software. The results are summarized as follows : Female subjects were 63.5% of total subjects and 65.5% of total subjects were 50 years or more. The average Body Mas Index(BMI) of male and female subjects were 23.06kg/㎡ and 25.02kg/㎡ respectively and 44% of all subjects wee obese. Among subjects, type II diabetic patients were 81.0% and 82.5% of subjects had suffered from diabetes for more than one year. Also 41% subjects had diabetic history in their family. More than half of the subjects had nutrition education concerning diabetes. Also 75.5% of them thought that nutrition education was effective. The most important guideline in diet therapy was to eat cooked rice with dietary fiber-rich grains. Therefore, it might be necessary to develop nutrition education program adjusted according to diabetic patient's needs and life styles, which may increase feasibility of self-care and implementation of management guidelines.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.470-479
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate and compare the characteristics and relations of nursing practice environment, professionalism and job satisfaction among nurses in general hospitals according to hospital size. Methods: The participants included 314 staff and charge nurses who were working in the general medical/surgical nursing units in one large hospital, three medium sized hospitals, and four small hospitals. Data collected through using self-report questionnaire were analyzed using the SPSS and SAS statistical programs. Results: Nursing practice environment and job satisfaction had significant differences according to hospital size. Both of these scales were highest for medium hospitals and lowest for small hospitals. For all hospital sizes there were positive correlations between each of the variables. Multiple regression analysis showed that both nursing practice environment and job satisfaction were affected by hospital size, but professionalism was not. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that nursing practice environment and job satisfaction vary with the size of the hospital. Therefore, further study is necessary to identify the work environment variables of nurses for performance management and to implement appropriate policies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify a path diagram for the influence of family, personality, sexual abuse, drug abuse, coping strategies, and aggressive impulsiveness on aggression, and to develop a sublimation program for Korean adolescent's aggression. Method: Data was collected by self-report questionnaires. Subjects consisted of 2,111 adolescents. A proportional stratified random sampling method was used. The major instrument was the Mental Health Questionnaire for Korean Adolescents, and the Cronbach's Alpha ranged from .54 to .95 for each subscale. Statistical methods were Chi-square, correlation analysis, and path analysis. Results: The strongest contributing variables on aggression were person-related aggressive impulsiveness, antisocial personality, self-injured aggressive impulsiveness, gender, sexual abuse, psychosomatic symptoms II, drug abuse, age, parent-child relationship, alcohol abuse and cognitive avoidance coping strategies in the order named. Also the author developed a multi-systemic sublimation program for Korean adolescents's aggression. The multi-systemic sublimation program involves four domains including adolescents, parents, peers and community, and has several therapeutic sub-programs for each domain. Conclusion: The ecology of human development is composed of multiple, integrated levels of organization, including biological, individual-psychological, social-interpersonal, cultural, and historical levels. Therefore, this multi-systemic sublimation program will prevent and decrease the rate of aggressive behavior among Korean adolescents.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2019

Objectives: In the Republic of Korea (ROK), the notified incidence of tuberculosis in foreign-born individuals (NITFBI) has increased recently, as has the rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis in foreigners staying in the ROK. As Jeju Province in ROK has a no-visa entry policy, control programs for NITFBI should be consolidated. The aim was to evaluate the status of NITFBI, with a focus on the distribution of MDR/RR tuberculosis by nationality. Methods: Data on tuberculosis incidence in individuals born in Jeju Province and in foreign-born individuals were extracted from the Korean Statistical Information Service of Statistics Korea, and the Infectious Disease Surveillance Web Statistics of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, respectively. Results: Among all notified incident cases of tuberculosis, the proportion of NITFBI increased from 1.46% in 2011 to 6.84% in 2017. China- and Vietnam-born individuals accounted for the greatest proportion of the 95 cases of NITFBI. Seven cases of MDR/RR tuberculosis were found, all involving patients born in China. Conclusions: In Jeju Province, ROK, NITFBI might become more common in the near future. Countermeasures for controlling active tuberculosis in immigrants born in high-risk nations for tuberculosis should be prepared in Jeju Province, since it is a popular tourist destination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.40-49
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• 2022

Simple statistical frequency based analysis, such as Pareto analysis, are widely used in conventional accident analysis. However, due to the dynamic and complex nature of construction works, many factors can simultaneously affect or involve the occurrence of accidents in construction projects. Therefore, the identification of the complex relationship between such factors is important to establish relevant and effective safety management policies and/or programs. In this study, characteristic factors and their relationships' contribution to non-fatal accidents in construction projects are analyzed using the association rule mining (ARM) technique. To this end, a total of 59,202 construction accident data are collected from 2015 to 2019 and the ARM is performed to retrieve specific relationships -named as association rules-among classified factors in the data. Characteristics of the retrieved relationships are analyzed and compared with the results of conventional Pareto analysis. Based on the results, it is found that both fall and trip are notable accident forms having characteristic relations with other factors for non-fatal accidents in construction projects. It is also found that small-scale construction, age of 50s, less than 1 month of working period, and architectural construction are important factors for non-fatal accidents in construction projects.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the gait patterns of adults with intellectual disability and healthy adults based on collected kinematic data on the lower extremities and to investigate the gait patterns of intellectually disabled people by comparing the differences between the two groups. Methods: The participants were divided into in one group of healthy adults (n = 9) and one group with mild intellectual disabilities (n = 9). 3D motion analysis (Myomotion) was used to collect kinematic data from each group while the participants walked 3 times over 10 m. As a statistical method, each group's kinematic data during walking was analyzed and compared using an independent sample t-test. Results: Comparing the kinematic data of the lower extremities during walking between the group with mild intellectual disability and the healthy group, there were significant differences between the two groups in the hip and ankle joints in the stance and swing phases. Conclusion: The analysis suggests that people with intellectual disabilities have kinematic differences compared with healthy people. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to conduct further research on rehabilitation programs for joint stabilization, exercise for increasing joint range of motion, muscle strengthening exercise, and proprioception training for people with intellectual disabilities with insufficient physical function.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.443-452
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the utilization behavior of medical services according to the characteristics of socioeconomic status (SES) and prevalence by using the 6th National Health and Nutrition Survey data for adults over 25 years old. Frequency and technical statistical analysis, ANOVA, ${\chi}^2$-test, and regression analysis were performed using SPSS 23.0. The results were as follows: more female than male, 65 years old and over, high school graduate, and unemployed and income quintiles were similar. The SES score considering education level, function, and income quintiles was the highest at 7-8, and most of the respondents felt moderate about their subjective health condition. The mean number of prevalence was $1.07{\pm}1.497$, the mean utilization of outpatient services was $0.50{\pm}0.045$, and the mean number of inpatient services use was $0.12{\pm}0.454$. Depending on general characteristics, there was a significant difference between subjects with prevalence and subjective health conditions. Higher age was associated with lower education, skill level, income, and SES score, and average prevalence was associated with poor subjective health conditions. More serious prevalence was associated with greater utilization of inpatient services. More chronic prevalence was associated with utilization of outpatient services. In other words, higher SES score was associated with lower overall use of medical services. Lower SES score was associated with higher use of medical services. In conclusion, we must develop appropriate health education programs that can prevent diseases in groups with low socioeconomic characteristics. There is the need to construct and implement a community-based appropriate health service system so that proper medical services can be used.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to explore the association between daily toothbrushing frequency and health risk behaviors of school-going adolescents in poor urban areas of Peru. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 959 school-going adolescents 11~19 years of age in poor urban areas of Peru in 2014. Health risk behaviors we assessed in the study were smoking; drinking; consuming sugar-sweetened soft drinks (more than one cup); leisure time activities including watching television, playing games, and using the Internet; and never or rarely handwashing with soap. Daily toothbrushing frequency was divided into two groups (once and twice daily). For statistical analyses, the chi-square test and hierarchical logistic regression were used at 5% level of significance. Of the total respondents, 63 (14.3%) were boys and 53 (10.3%) were girls and 116 (12.1%) engaged in toothbrushing (${\leq}1$ times daily). According to the adjusted logistic regression analysis for socio-demographic characteristics, two behaviors (leisure time use activities, including watching television, playing games, and using the Internet (odds ratio [OR], 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20~4.35), and never or rarely hand washing with soap (OR, 4.09; CI, 2.48~6.75) were statistically associated with toothbrushing frequency (${\leq}1$ times daily). We found two health risk behaviors (leisure time activities, including watching television, playing games, and using the Internet, and never or rarely handwashing with soap) associated with toothbrushing frequency among adolescents in the study area. Thus, oral health promotion programs should consider these health risk behaviors associated with toothbrushing frequency.