• Title/Summary/Keyword: health hazard

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Characteristics of Flames Propagating Through Combustible Particles Concentration in a Vertical Duct (수직 배관 내의 농도변화에 따른 분진폭발 특성)

  • Han, Ou-Sup;Han, In-Soo;Choi, Yi-Rac;Lee, Jung-Suk;Lee, Su-Hee
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.41-46
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    • 2011
  • We investigated experimentally the properties of dust explosion through lycopodium particle clouds in a duct to provide the fundamental knowledge. Propagating dust flames in the vertical duct of 120 cm height and 12 cm square cross-section were observed by digital video camera and flame front is visualized using by PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) system. As the result, when the same average dust concentration existed in the vertical duct, downward flame propagation was faster than the upward flame propagation, its rate increased with dust concentration in 300g/$m^3$. Post flames were caused by the ignition of unburned particles which flowed into the rear region of flame from passage between flame and duct wall, and they generated regardless of duct condition. Also, it was found that appearance frequency of post flames during dust flame propagations increased with the increase of dust concentration.

Hazard Investigation of Cosmetic Ingredients in Korea (국내 화장품 원료성분에 대한 유해성 조사)

  • Choi, Hyeyoung;Choi, Sangjun;Park, Yunkyung;Choi, Inja
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.406-415
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    • 2018
  • Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the hazards of cosmetic ingredients in Korea. Methods: An Excel database of cosmetic ingredients was developed on a website(Korea Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary) and used for a hazard assessment based on Tox-free, a database containing toxic information such as on carcinogens, mutagens or reproductive toxicants(CMRs) and endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs), as well as other regulated chemicals in Korea. Results: A total of 16,605 chemicals were registered with the cosmetic ingredient dictionary and 308 of them were identified as either CMRs or EDCs. CMRs included formaldehyde and nickel gluconate, and EDCs included parabens, benzophenon, styrene, and toluene. Reproductive toxicants such as xylene, zinc chloride, toluene, and formaldehyde were regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the Act on the Registration and Evaluation, etc. of Chemical Substances(the Chemical Control Act). Conclusions: Regulations on cosmetics components should be strengthened, and the right to know about cosmetics containing hazardous chemicals should be guaranteed.

A Study on the Effect of Workplace Safety and Health Levels on Preventing Accidents Caused by Chemical Substances: Focusing on Chemical Risk Management(CHARM) Users (사업장 안전보건수준이 화학물질 사고예방 효과에 미치는 영향 연구: 화학물질 위험성평가(CHARM) 사용자를 중심으로)

  • Seungsu Paik;Changkwon Park;Gilsang Jang
    • Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.25-33
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    • 2023
  • This study analyzed the factors affecting the effectiveness of the Chemical Hazard Risk Management (CHARM). A survey was conducted on 104 learners who participated in the Risk Assessment training course at Occupational Safety and Health Training Institute. Through a self-administered questionnaire, the effect of personal characteristics, corporate characteristics, and safety and health level of the company on the effectiveness of chemical risk assessment was investigated. As a result of statistical analysis, the safety and health level of the company had a positive (+) effect on the effectiveness of Chemical Hazard Risk Management(CHARM), but personal characteristics and corporate characteristics had no relation to it. This study can be used as basic data for further research related to chemical risk assessment in workplaces.

Analysis of Hazard of Disaster in the Aspect of Human Damage (인적 피해 중심의 재해취약성 분석)

  • Wang, Soon-Joo;Lee, Myung-Sun
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.87-101
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    • 2007
  • The definition and concept of disasters and their preparedness have been changing according to the modern situation. The basic change is that the concept of absolute standard and prevention of hardware damage in the past have been changing to the concept of relative standard and mitigation of direct damage to human. For achieving the purpose, advanced countries developed and used their own analysis method of hazard and vulnerability for disaster ; ASHE hazard and vulnerability evaluation method, hazard matrix method by CDC, FEMA model method and SMUG hazard priority method. Because each analysis method cannot evaluate the hazard and vulnerability for specific disaster, the advantages and disadvantages should be applied for specific situation of disaster in Korea and new analysis method should be extracted in the future.

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Categorization of Hazard Chemicals Potentially Discharged into Water System (수계 유출가능성이 있는 유해화학물질 분류화)

  • An, Youn-Joo;Nam, Sun-Hwa;Lee, Jae-Kwan
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.247-259
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    • 2008
  • The utilization of a variety of hazard chemicals bears risks to human health and ecosystem. The increasing usage of various chemicals indicates the greater emission of those chemicals to water system, and the subsequent deterioration of water quality. Water system is vulnerable to many pollutants, however, there are limitations of managing a range of hazard chemicals based on insufficient legal foundations. Therefore it is needed to select hazard chemicals that can be potentially discharged into water system, and subsequently to classify a wide range of existing chemicals for better management of those chemicals. In this study, the 259 candidate chemicals of concern were selected from the lists of the toxic released inventory chemicals (148), hazard concern candidate chemicals (106), and wastewater effluent standard candidate chemicals (116). We suggested the category 1, 2, 3 and 4 of hazard chemicals potentially discharged into water system. The assessment factors considered for the classification were hazard potential, persistence and emission to water body. This work was conducted as a part of the project entitled 'Development of integrated methodology for evaluation of water environment', and the results were used to develop the monitoring lists of hazard chemicals in four major rivers in Korea.

Critical Issues on Health Risk of Asbestos (석면과 건강에 대한 이슈)

  • Yoon, Chung-Sik
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.426-432
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    • 2009
  • Asbestos is a commercial term of natural occurring silicated minerals and forms long, thin fibers. Chrysotile, the serpentine asbestos, accounts for most use in commercial use. Asbestos is well known health hazard material and it is proved that inhalation of asbestos fibers leads to increased risk of developing several diseases such as lung cancer, mesothelioma, asbestosis. In these days, people most at risk for exposure are maintenance and construction workers and general citizens who are working on and close to the work area at which asbestos containing material is disturbing. Non asbestiform, though its chemical composition is same with regulated asbestos, is known to be less hazardous than asbestiform. Exposure guideline, 0.01 f/ml, is not safe level in terms of health risk. It is reasonable to take preventable action when asbestos is suspicious. In Korea, it is necessary to clarify the concept between hazard and risk, to differentiate asbestiform from non asbestiform, to make regulations for compensation for asbestos related patients, to manage future exposure for general citizens.

Human Health Risk Assessment of Trichloroethylene from Industrial Complex A

  • Sin, Sae-Mi;Byeon, Sang-Hoon
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.173-178
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    • 2012
  • This study investigated the human health risks of trichloroethylene from Industrial Complex A. The excessive carcinogenic risks for central tendency exposure were $1.40{\times}10^{-5}$ for male and female residents in the vicinity of Industrial Complex A. The excessive cancers risk for reasonable maximum exposure were $2.88{\times}10^{-5}$ and $1.97{\times}10^{-5}$ for males and females, respectively. These values indicate that there are potential cancer risks for exposure to these concentrations. The hazard index for central tendency exposure to trichloroethylene was 1.71 for male and female residents. The hazard indexes for reasonable maximum exposure were 3.27 and 2.41 for males and females, respectively. These values were over one, which is equivalent to the threshold value. This result showed that adverse cancer and non-cancer health effects may occur and that some risk management of trichloroethylene from Industrial Complex A was needed.

Study on Health Risk Assessment of Non-carcinogenic Chemicals in Drinking Water (음용수 중 유해 화학 물질에 대한 위해성 평가에 관한 연구 - II. 비발암성 화학 물질을 중심으로 -)

  • Chung, Yong;Shin, Dong-Chun;Kim, Jong-Man;Park, Seong-Eun;Yang, Ji-Yeon;Lee, Ja-Koung;Hwang, Man-Sik;Park, Yeon-Shin
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.10 no.1_2
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    • pp.37-46
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    • 1995
  • The purpose of this research is to estimate a safe environmental level of human exposure to thresholding-acting toxicants in drinking water and recommend the acceptable levels and management plans for maintaining good quality of drinking water' and protecting health hazard. This research has been funded as a national project for three years from 1992 to 1995. This study(the second year, 1993-1994) was conducted to monitor 39 species of noncarcinogenic chemicals such as volatile organic compounds(VOCs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbens(PAHs), pesticides and heavy metals of drinking water at some area in six cities of Korea, and evaluate health risk due to these chemicals through four main steps (hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response assessment and risk characterization) of risk assessment in drinking water. In hazard identification, 39 species of non-carcinogenic chemicals were identified by the US EPA classification system. In the step of exposure assessment, sampling of tap water from the public water supply system had been conducted from 1993 to 1994, and 39 chemicals were analyzed. Inclose-response assessment for non-carcinogens, reference doses(RfD) and lifetime health advisories(HAs) of lifetime acceptable levels were calculated. In risk characterization of detected chemicals, the hazard quotients of noncarcinogens were less than one except those of manganese and iron in D city.

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Health Risk Assessment and Analysis on the Volatile Organic Compounds in Some Workplace (모작업장에서 휘발성 유기오염물질의 분석과 근로자들의 건강위해성 평가)

  • Lee, Hyo-Min;Kim, Myung-Soo;Choi, Shi-Nai;Yoon, Eun-Kyung;Park, Jong-Sei
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.30 no.3 s.58
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    • pp.530-539
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    • 1997
  • This study was conducted to assess the health risk on the volatile organic compounds such as toluene, xylene, and styrene in painting workplace. It was monitored through personal air sampling during working time in selected 5 workplaces and analysed using gas chromatography. For the settlement of exposure situation, there were regarded working conditions such as working hours, yearly working days, and working years. Also, Monte-Carlo simulation was used for the induction of hazard index using toxicity value from IRIS(Integrated risk information system) database. The results of risk assessment were summarized as follows. 1. The air concentration of toluene was $7.096{\pm}15,644ppm,\;2.586{\pm}4.275ppm\;for\;xylene,\;1.914{\pm}5.320ppm$ for styrene in blast painting workplaces. The level of toluene was different significantly compared with the level of xylene and styrene. 2. Computated chronic daily intake values of 95th percentile on toluene, xylene and styrene treated by Monte-Carlo simulation were 9.616, 3.567, 2.782 mg/kg/day, respectively. 3. Computated hazard index values of 75th percentile on toluene, xylene and styrene treated by Monte-Carlo simulation were 3.5, 1.0 and 1.6, respectively. Adverse health effects on the toluene, xylene and styrene would be expected by working exposure in selected 5 workplaces since the hazard indices of three compounds were exceeded 1 in the surroundings of 75th percentile though having the low emerged frequency.

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A Proposal of Hazard/Risk Assessment Criteria and an Asbestos Management Method for Asbestos-containing Building Materials

  • Park, Wha-Me;Kim, Yoon-Shin
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.66-72
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    • 2012
  • Objectives: The AHERA method by the US EPA, ASTM E2356-04, and HSG264 by the UK HSE, all of which are hazard/risk assessment methods for asbestos-containing building materials, were reviewed and compared based on 231 homogeneous areas. In addition, the current Act on Asbestos Safety Management (enforcement: April 29, 2012) was reviewed and analyzed. This trial provided fundamental data for improving the current asbestos hazard/risk assessment method. Methods: For the hazard/risk assessment of 77 asbestos-containing public buildings including schools, 231 homogeneous areas were selected, each of which was assessed using AHERA, ASTM E2356-04, and HSG264. Results: The matching rate of the hazard/risk assessment stood at 20.4 percent between AHERA and ASTM, at 71.4 percent between AHERA and HSG264 and at 17.8 percent between ASTM and HSG264. The AHERA method includes a seven-category rating scale. There were three categories, two of which have three subcategories. ASTM provides two decision-making charts consisting of ten rating scales for current condition estimation and for potential for disturbance estimation. In addition, the HSG264 method has a total of 20 scores with four items, and then provides four grades. This HSG264 method cannot clearly separate current condition and potential for disturbance. Conclusions: In the Korean Act on Asbestos Safety Management, the hazard/risk assessment method for asbestos-containing building materials should consider balance between current condition estimation and the potential for disturbance estimation.