• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.279-288
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• 2015

N-nitrosamines, which are classified as carcinogens by IARC and US EPA, can be easily found in various foods. They are reaction products between nitrogen oxide and secondary amines, but can also be generated during fermentation. Ever since the 1960s, when nitrite, used as a preservative in processed meats, was suspected to generate N-nitrosamines, the usage of the food additive has been debated. However, the benefit of nitrite in food supply could not be ignored and the risk-benefit analysis has become a key issue in the use of the additive. For a risk analysis, an accurate estimation of the hazardous material is necessary; therefore, analytical methods for nitrosamines have continuously evolved from the 1950s. Solid supported liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extractions have replaced the distillation for the clean-up steps, and tandem mass spectrometry is employed for higher selectivity and sensitivity. In the present study, for a better estimation of N-nitrosamine intake, the total diet study samples were prepared for the N-nitrosamines analysis. In order to obtain the most sensitive results, a partial preparation procedure was developed and modified for different food matrices. Among seven N-nitrosamines (N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomethylethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamine, N-nitrosopiperidine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, and N-nitrosomorpholine) analyzed in the present study, N-nitrosodiethylamine has shown the highest detection rate in agricultural foods, while N-nitrosodimethylamine has appeared most frequently in livestock and fishery food products. The concentration of N-nitrosodimethylamine was the highest in seasoning.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2022

This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 anxiety on dietary lifestyle and the effect of different dietary lifestyle on the intention to use drone food delivery services. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 356 Chinese consumers aware of drone food delivery services. Results show that First, COVID-19 anxiety significantly impacted dietary lifestyle, including health pursuit, safety pursuit, and convenience pursuit. Second, the dietary lifestyle of health pursuit, fashion pursuit, and convenience pursuit positively affected service perceptions, including perceived safety and perceived rapidity, perceived compatibility. The dietary lifestyle of taste pursuit positively associated with safety of drone food delivery service, while the dietary lifestyle of safety pursuit positively related to safety and rapidity of drone food delivery services. Third, the perceptions related to security, rapidity, and compatibility of drone food delivery services enhanced service usage intention. Results show that COVID-19 anxiety was positively associated with dietary lifestyle, influencing consumer attitudes toward drone food delivery services.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 2005

The object of this study was to examine attitudes and knowledge of Korean dieticians about functional foods. We investigated their perceived knowledge and their attitudes regarding risks versus benefits, and recommendation about the use of functional foods; as well as their frequency of personal use, and the educational supports and training needs of dieticians. We developed a questionnaire to assess the dieticians' attitudes related to functional foods. This questionnaire was used for characterizing functional food-related attitudes on the basis of factor and reliability analysis in the following study. The questionnaires were distributed to 802 practicing dieticians working in Daegu and Gyeongsangbukdo. A total of 244 respondents (mean age $34\pm5.7$ years) returned the completed questionnaires through online surveys. Descriptive statistics and ANOV A were used to analyze data. Fewer than $2\%$ of dieticians claimed themselves to be knowledgeable about functional foods, more than $79\%$ consumed functional foods more than once a week, and $88\%$ of dieticians expressed an interest in receiving training about functional foods. Dieticians had favorable attitudes about the rewards from functional foods but were not confident about the safety and usage recommedation of these foods. The level of knowledge and educational support at their universities about functional foods affected the dieticians' attitudes regarding the rewards from and recommendation about the use of functional foods. These results suggest a need for additional educational opportunities to facilitate a better understanding of the risks and benefits of functional foods and their proper usage. Dietetics professionals must adapt to changes in health practices through effective educational programs integrating sufficient knowledge about functional foods.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.261-274
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• 2024

Purpose: Recently, high-protein diets have become highly popular, and the market for protein products has steadily increased in Korea together with the development of various types of such products. However, there is limited information on the consumption of protein supplements (PS) or protein-fortified foods (PF). Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the use of PS/PF among young adults in Jeju. Methods: A total of 350 adults (140 men and 210 women) aged 19-39 years voluntarily participated in this study from June 2022 to May 2023. PS/PF use was measured using a questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. Results: Approximately 31.4% of the participants (n = 110) had consumed PS/PF for more than 2 weeks during the past year and 71.8% of them (n = 79) were still consuming these products (PS/PF consumers). The PS/PF consumers tended to be male and physically active (p < 0.05 for all). The most frequent reason for PS/PF use was muscle gain (59.5%), followed by protein supplementation (19.0%) and body fat loss (13.9%), and the most frequent type of PS/PF consumed was powders (70.6%), followed by drinks (17.7%) and bars (8.8%). The PS/PF consumers tended to consume a high-protein low-carbohydrate diet compared to the non-consumers. The prevalence of consuming dietary protein less than the estimated average requirement (EAR) was significantly lower in PS/PF consumers (13.9%) compared to non-consumers (25.4%; p = 0.0316). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the necessity of protein supplementation should be determined based on the current dietary protein intake and individual requirements. The study also provides the basic information for establishing guidelines for appropriate protein intake.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to assess folate intake, and serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations, and investigate the association between folate status and health-related behaviors among Korean college students. A total of 169 students, aged between 18 and 27 years, participated in this study. Dietary intake data were collected by trained interviewers using a 24-hour recall method for three non-consecutive days in 2009. Information on health-related behaviors was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. Serum and RBC folate concentrations were measured by microbiological assay. The average intakes of folate were $456{\mu}gDFE$ and $347{\mu}gDFE$ in male and female students, respectively. While the average serum folate concentration was significantly lower in male students (8.9 ng/mL) compared to female students (12.5 ng/mL), RBC concentrations were not significantly different between male (398.6 ng/mL) and female students (405.3 ng/mL). In male students, low serum folate concentrations were associated with total folate intake less than the Estimated Average Requirement, non-use of folic acid supplements, smoking, alcohol drinking at least once a week and low physical activity. In female students, low serum folate concentrations were associated with smoking and alcohol drinking at least two drinks at a time and BMI ${\geq}25$. Alcohol drinking and low physical activity were also associated with low RBC folate concentrations in both male and female students. In order to improve folate nutritional status of college students, the practice of desirable health-related behaviors, such as non-smoking, moderate alcohol drinking, regular physical activity, and maintenance of healthy BMI should be encouraged along with consumption of folate-rich foods and supplements.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.193-203
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• 2019

The issue of health risks from consuming unhealthy product is an important issue that is happening right now. Both developed and developing countries are already aware of the need for attention to the health-risk products. One tool that is believed to be able to change the consumption behavior of the health-risk products is the use of warning label on product packaging. As a persuasive act, both visual and textual warning label are believed to be able to change people's consumption behavior. In addition to the labels that contain health hazards, this research also uses social consequence contents. The main targets of such unhealthy product marketing are children and adolescents. Correspondingly, this study targets the age groups of kids and tweens. The method used in this research is experiment, involving 180 participants from two age groups namely kids and tweens. As a result, the study found that the influence of warning label on the age of tweens is greater in the age of the children. Meanwhile, the use of visual and textual warning label using social consequences contents, proved to be effective at the age of tweens. These results are useful for enrich social marketing subjects, especially within warning label research.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of the study was to investigate restaurants increasing seaweed of marine products and to let consumers live healthy and happy lives and to discuss increase of seaweeds consumption. The purpose of the study was to give consumers good food and to live healthy and happy life and to elevate life quality and to produce added value by increase of consumption of seaweeds such as laver, brown seaweed, tangle and gracilaria and others and to give economic advantage. The seaweed could be produced in large quantity without spending of much money in accordance with demand to make use of it at restaurants. Research design, data, and Methodology - The author visited restaurant businessmen at Suwon, Anyang, Hwaseong and Yongin to investigate low sales by in-depth interview. The study investigated Kodari-jorim restaurants that made use of laver ssam for side dish. The subject was HS distributors to let restaurant keepers think of seaweeds and replacement of vegetable by seaweed. Results - Women customers who thought of health and diet usually selected menu at the restaurants not to appeal. Conclusions - Menu with high quality seaweeds (low calory, satiety and health) can satisfy women customers thinking much of health and diet to increase consumption of seaweeds. The study was exploratory to investigate in qualitative and quantitative way in the future.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.26.1-26.11
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• 2016

The use of probiotics for human and animal health is continuously increasing. The probiotics used in humans commonly come from dairy foods, whereas the sources of probiotics used in animals are often the animals' own digestive tracts. Increasingly, probiotics from sources other than milk products are being selected for use in people who are lactose intolerant. These sources are non-dairy fermented foods and beverages, non-dairy and non-fermented foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables, feces of breast-fed infants and human breast milk. The probiotics that are used in both humans and animals are selected in stages; after the initial isolation of the appropriate culture medium, the probiotics must meet important qualifications, including being non-pathogenic acid and bile-tolerant strains that possess the ability to act against pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract and the safety-enhancing property of not being able to transfer any antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria. The final stages of selection involve the accurate identification of the probiotic species.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the oral health behaviors of multicultural family adolescents and native family adolescents to use as the basis for the oral health care. Methods: The data included a subset of the Korean Youth Health Behavior Online Survey, self-administered, targeting 72,435 middle school and high school students in 2013. The questionnaire was composed of respondents characteristics, oral eating behavior, drinking, smoking, oral health behavior, oral symptoms. Results: 1. 35.7% of the multicultural adolescents were bad economic level and 26.5% of the multicultural adolescents perceived their oral health status to be poorer than native adolescents. 2. 51.1% of multicultural adolescents was 5 times more likely to intake milk and 15.5% of multicultural adolescents cookie intake was higher than native adolescent. 3. 29.9% of multicultural adolescents always brushed their teeth more in a week than native adolescents. 4. Bleeding gums and oral odor symptoms in multicultural adolescents were 24.6%, 28.0% higher than native adolescents. Conclusions: This finding suggests that the multicultural adolescent need health education including oral health food habit, oral health care, early dental visit for prevention, early treatment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.552-559
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• 2013

This study is conducted in order to investigate the prevalence of vitamin mineral (VM) supplement use and its related factors among Korean adolescents. Using a cross-sectional study design, information was obtained by questionnaires from adolescents selected by stratified sampling in large, small and middle-size cities, as well as rural areas of the whole country, followed by convenience sampling. The total number of participants in this study was 1,407 adolescents ($15.2{\pm}1.6$ years) attending middle or high schools, chosen from various cities and rural areas in Korea. The prevalence of VM supplement use was 65.5%, and there was no significant difference between the genders. City dwellers took VM supplements more frequently than those adolescents from rural areas (p < 0.01). The VM supplement users tended to have higher family income, parents' academic background, and socioeconomic status, respectively (p < 0.001). The greater part of VM supplement users replied that they acquired their nutritional information from their parents, relatives and friends, while many nonusers replied that they did it from school classes (p < 0.05). Compared to nonusers, VM supplement users had greater 'self concern about health' (p < 0.05), 'parents' concern about child's health, growth, and nutritional intake' (p < 0.001), and 'parents' concern about child's grade point' (p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between users and nonusers when it came to 'self perception of body shape' or 'BMI'. In addition, users significantly had greater nutritional beliefs concerning VM supplements than nonusers (p < 0.001). These results showed that VM supplement use has been common among adolescents in Korea, and supplement use of subjects has been related with various factors. Among them, it was shown that especially parents great influence the use of VM supplements by adolescents. Thus, not only education for adolescents, but also that for parents is needed to help adolescents take VM supplements properly.