• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the socioeconomic status and oral health of adults. Methods: Data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018) were analyzed, and 13,199 adults aged 19 years or older were selected as study subjects. Various oral health indicators were used to analyze the effect of socioeconomic status on oral health. Disparities in oral health according to socioeconomic status were analyzed using the complex sample chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between income level, medical aid, and all oral health indicators, which indicated that the lower the income level, the lower the oral health level (p<0.001). Furthermore, all oral health indicators displayed statistically significant differences, with the exception of the prevalence of dental caries and education level. The lower the education level, the lower the oral health level (p<0.001). Therefore, the oral health level of adults presented significant differences according to different socioeconomic status indicators. Conclusions: To prevent oral health inequalities, the government and local governments need to intervene not only in the field of health care but also in the social determinants. Additionally, concerted efforts should be made to eliminate oral health disparities by improving policies and systems.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.309-320
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was undertaken to compare dietary life of the elderly living alone and in a family, and to compare differences based on gender, for the 2013-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: The subjects included 2,612 elderly people aged over 65 years who participated in the health survey, health examination and nutrition survey. Subjects on a diet therapy were excluded. This study analyzed the general characteristics, dietary habits, daily energy and nutrient intakes, CPF ratio, estimated average requirement (EAR), nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR), index of nutrient quality (INQ), and food consumption of the elderly living alone and in a family. We also compared the differences based on gender. Results: Daily intake of food, water, dietary fiber, potassium, retinol, and riboflavin were low in the male elderly subjects living alone. The elderly living with family revealed higher NAR and MAR as compared to the elderly living alone. Although all MAR values were <1, the elderly living alone had lower values. Considering the intake of food, the consumption of seaweed, fish and shellfish, and oils (animal) was higher in elderly men living with families, whereas women living with families consumed more vegetables, fruits, seaweeds and seafood, as compared to their counterparts living alone. Furthermore, analyzing the foods consumed by the elderly people living alone, female subjects consumed more seaweed, milk and animal oil as compared to male subjects. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the elderly living alone have poor nutrient intake as compared to the elderly living with families. Based on this research data, we recommend that it is necessary to improve the health and nutritional status of the elderly living alone.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2003

Although the idea that obese people consume higher calorie diets is widely accepted, many dietary surveys have shown that obese people do NOT consume larger amounts of energy. We had an opportunity to study the relationship between calorie intake and obesity in Korea from the data contained in the '98 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of Korea. The survey was executed nationwide for two months - from Nov. 1 to Dec.30 in 1998. The survey included 10,876 (aged >10 years) subjects of whom 9,771 underwent health examinations. Surveyors visited each household and checked health status, measured anthropometry and blood pressures, collected blood and urine samples, and interviewed from the health questionnaires. Well-trained dietitians evaluated the food consumption of 11,525 subjects over the age of 1 year with the 24-hour recall method. The number of subjects from whom a complete health examination and food consumption information was obtained was 8,004. Subjects were classified by BMI (< 20, 20-22, 22-24, 24-26, 26-28, 28 $\leq$) and into newly diagnosed patients with DM (FBS $\geq$ 126 mg/㎗), hypertension (SBP $\geq$ 140 mmHg or DBP $\geq$ 90 mmHg) and hyperlipidemia (Total cholesterol $\geq$ 220 mg/㎗ or TG $\geq$ 200 mg/㎗). Our main results were as following：1) their average energy intake was 2,029.6 $\pm$ 908.5 ㎉ and BMI is 22.6 $\pm$ 3.4 kg/$m^2$；2) a comparison of nutrient intakes by BMI level did not show a significant difference of energy intake even though BMI increased (BMI, < 20： 1,999 ㎉ ∼ 28 $\leq$： 2,028 ㎉)；and 3) Even in newly diagnosed patients with diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidemia, their energy consumption was not significantly increased as BMI increased (from BMI 20). There are several possible explanations for these results：1) Reduced physical activity caused the weight of obese people to increase even with the same energy intake；2) people underreported their energy consumption；or, people intentionally reduced their energy consumption due to self-image regarding their obesity. We might also hypothesize that there is a metabolic problem conceiving obese people, because calorie intake was not higher in obese people than in non-obese people in Korea. Further research is necessary for re-evaluating these current conclusions.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.74-90
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• 2021

Background: It is getting important to improve the oral health status of the elderly because oral health status may affect their health status of the whole body. In this respect, we aimed to explore the association of oral health status and behavior factors with self-rated health status by sex. Methods: Using the data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for health surveys and oral examinations (2016-2018), we analyzed a total of 3,070 people aged 65 or older (men: 1,329; women: 1,741). Our dependent variable, self-rated health status, was divided into two groups: not good (bad and very bad) and good (very good, good, and fair), whereas our independent variables of interest were oral health status and behavior factors. In addition to descriptive analysis and the Rao-Scott chi-square test, reflecting survey characteristics, we conducted hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for socio-demographics and health status and behavior factors. All analyses were stratified by sex. Results: The proportion of people having 'not good' self-rated health was 36.5% in women but 24.5% in men. In a model adjusted for all covariates, the self-rated health status showed significant association with the self-rated oral health status. For example, in men, the risk of having 'not good' self-rated health was high in people having 'poor' (odds ratio [OR], 5.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.34-12.03) self-rated oral health status and in those having 'fair' (OR, 4.03; 95% CI, 1.68-9.70) in comparison with those having 'good' self-rated oral health status. Dental status regarding speaking difficulty seemed to be very important in influencing self-rated health status. For instance, in women, compared to people having 'no discomfort' speaking difficulty, the risk of having 'not good' self-rated health was high in people having 'not bad' (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.14-2.24) and 'discomfort' (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.30-2.47) speaking difficulty. The covariates significantly associated with the risk of having 'not good' self-rated health were: physical activity, chronic disease, stress, and body mass index in both sexes; health insurance type and drinking only in men; and economic activity only in women. Conclusion: Oral health status and behavioral factors were associated with self-rated health status among the elderly, differently by sex. This suggests that public health policies toward better health in the elderly should take their oral health status and oral health behaviors into account in a sex-specific way.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.200-210
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• 2014

Purpose: This research is conducted in order to compare health status, health behaviors, and health care utilization between immigrant women and domestic women in South Korea. Methods: Research subjects comprised of 62 immigrant women living in a rural area of South Korea' extracted from a survey and health examination conducted during a period from 1st of August in 2013 to 8th of November in 2013 and 214 domestic women extracted from primitive data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011. Student t-test, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression were performed using the SPSS18.0K program for analysis. Results: Results of comparison between immigrant women and domestic women, showed no difference in obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, anemia, hepatitis B, previous history of tuberculosis, and history of decayed, missing, and filled teeth however, more immigrant women had experienced decayed, missing, and filled teeth compared to domestic women (p<0.001). Conclusions: Compared to domestic women, Iimmigrant women were more likely to have poor dental health conditions. Therefore, greater efforts is needed in order to solve poor dental health conditions for women.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.957-967
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to confirm health behaviors that affect periodontal health status. Based on these results, we also intended to provide information for the prevention of gingivitis prior to periodontitis and establish strategies for maintaining healthy periodontal tissues. Methods: Data for this descriptive study were extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015. A total of 2,710 adults, aged 19-39 years were included in this study. Complex logistic regression analyses were performed to confirm relationships between health behaviors and periodontal health, after adjusting for socio-demographics, oral and systemic health status. Results: Dental clinic visits (odd ratio [OR] = 1.761, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.391-2.229), use of floss (OR = 1.504, 95% CI; 1.213-1.865), and non-smoking (OR = 1.269, 95% CI; 1.040-1.549) were found to support periodontal health. Conclusions: Dental visits for continued professional oral health care, self-oral care including interdental flossing, and a non-smoking habit, are necessary for periodontal health maintenance. Additionally, the results suggest that physical activities such as regular walking can help. These methods should be considered as the primary preventative care strategies for minimizing the occurrence of gingival inflammation.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.274-279
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• 2023

In this study, we use data from the 2021 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to determine the relationship between oral health and depression in Korean adults and provide basic data to prevent oral diseases that affect depression. The final subjects of the study were 5,952 adults aged 19 or older among the 7,090 subjects who responded to the survey in the 3rd year of the 8th period (2021), and the total frequency discrepancy in the research results was omitted due to missing values. Complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the relationship between oral health and depression. Depression according to general characteristics depends on gender (P < 0.001), number of household members (P = 0.047), and subjective health level (P < 0.001). Depression according to oral characteristics was statistically significant for complaints of chewing discomfort (P = 0.006) and toothache within the past year (P = 0.023). As a result of analyzing factors affecting depression, in terms of gender, men are 0.43 times more likely than women (95% CI: 0.28~0.65), and in terms of subjective health level, good compared to bad is 0.46 times more likely (95% CI: 0.28~0.75), the average was 0.59 times (95% CI: 0.40~0.87) higher, which was statistically significant. Therefore it seems necessary to improve mental health such as depression in order to relieve oral discomfort and to motive people to take responsibility for won health through oral health education programs related to oral health to oral health related to oral health and mental health.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-54
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• 2003

Recent domestic findings indicate steep increase of geriatric diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure among children and adolescents. It is, therefore, necessary to establish a new system for constitution inspection that reflects domestic adolescents' health conditions by the introduction of feasible items and systematic methods in the inspect ion. The objective of this study is to grasp the problems and to present proper ways of improving the system. As the method of the research during the period from September 2001 to March 2002 we refer to the domestic and foreign literature, and ask the advice of the specialists in pediatrics, family medicine, endocrine, cardiology. As on-site research we us e survey of nationwide elementary, middle, and high schools, visit representative local schools and have an interview with school nurses. Through the interview we try to find practical problems of school heath care and find proper method of students physic al examination. The abstract of the problems of student examination system is as following. To the question about the extent of the result of physical examination 46. 46.4%(school doctor) and 42.6%(parents and students) of the respondents answered "don't know". It means neglectfulness about examination itself. 62% of the school nurses responded "unsatisfactory" people who take charge of practical affairs have complaint about pre sent examination method. Because of the short time of the examination, and numerous students, the examination was incomplete. Several questions, method of physical examination, content of physical examination and list of physical examination, were raised. Reform measures for physical examination system of students were presented by physician, school nurses, students and parents of student.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.235-249
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to use data from the third year of the 4th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to study relationship between oral disease and chronic disease that generally persist from 6 months to over a year, or more specifically, circulatory disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Methods : Of the data from the third year of the 4th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 7,893 adults over 19 years old who completed medical examination, health survey, and nutrition survey were selected as the final research subjects. Relationship between chronic disease and oral disease was analyzed by cross tabulation (2-test) and logistic regression analysis using SPSSWIN ver 18.0. Results : 1. Differences in the rate of prevalence of periodontal disease and the rate of prevalence of missing teeth were statistically significant with respect to age, gender, marital status, education level, residential area, income level, and occupation. Rate of prevalence of dental caries was statistically significant with respect to age, education level, and income level. 2. After examining the relationship between existence of chronic disease as diagnosed by doctor with oral disease, rate of prevalence of periodontal disease and missing teeth, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, and osteoporosis showed statiscally significant difference. 3. Examination of rate of prevalence of chronic disease with respect to oral disease, periodontal disease and missing teeth exerted statistically significant influence on hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, and osteoporosis (p<0.05), while dental caries did not have statistically significant effect. 4. Analysis of coupling effect of periodontal disease and missing teeth on chronic disease showed that they were related in all chronic diseases examined in this study (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, and osteoporosis) (p<0.05). Conclusions : Periodontal disease and missing teeth were found to increase the rate of prevalence of chronic disease.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing problem drinking among the Echo Generation in South Korea and provide basic data for early intervention and mediation of problem drinking among the Echo Generation. This descriptive study performed a secondary analysis of raw data from the 2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and used responses for problem drinking items from 999 Echo Generation participants born between 1979 and 1992. This study comprehensively investigated sociodemographic and health-related factors influencing problem drinking among the Echo Generation. SPSS WIN program (version 26.0) was used for data analysis. Gender (β=-.32, p<.001), education level (β=.10, p=.002), white-collar workers out of job (β=-.09, p=.041), and depression (β=.11, p<.001) were identified as factors that influenced problem drinking among the Echo Generation. Results of this study suggest that in order to prevent problem drinking among the Echo Generation, there should be user-customized prevention education and intervention programs.