• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.288-302
• /
• 2022

Objective: Community pharmacists are frontline health care providers, but have been considered as underutilized professionals on a daily basis. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on community pharmacy services and to evaluate new services that could be applicable. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies published up to January 10, 2020. Search terms consisted of keywords relevant to this review, including "COVID-19", "community pharmacy", and "community pharmacist". This review targeted studies of pharmacist services provided by community pharmacies in OECD member countries during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Results: Twenty-seven studies were included in this review. Changes in community pharmacist services due to the COVID-19 pandemic were broadly classified into four categories. First, as the face-to-face services became challenging, various non-face-to-face services were being tried. Second, community pharmacists directly participated in the services to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Third, community pharmacists made efforts to support continuity of care for patients who experienced difficulties due to the reduced professional care as health and medical resources are concentrated in response to COVID-19. Fourth, community pharmacist services were emerging, targeting patients suffering from greater health inequality during the pandemic. Patients expressed high demand and satisfaction for the service of the community pharmacist, and pharmacists reported self-efficacy and professional pride. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, various community pharmacist services have been tried and received positive evaluations from patients in several OECD countries.

• 임상간호연구
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare the level of perception and to identify factors associated with perception on patient safety culture among health care providers working in an operating room(OR). Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Data were collected conveniently from 154 RNs and 116 physicians working in a tertiary hospital in Seoul. Patient safety culture was measured using "The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture" developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis with the SPSS version 17.0. Results: The perception level of nurses and physicians on patient safety culture was "moderate" (3.14). Compared to physicians, nurses showed a significantly lower perception on the items of "teamwork within units" (t=-6.904, p<.001) and "overall perception of patient safety" (t=-4.327, p<.001), but had a higher perception about "frequency of events reported" (t=2.769, p=.006). The physicians' professional positions, years of working experience, age, and working hour per week were identified as factors associated with patient safety culture. Conclusion: Level of perception on patient safety culture may vary among health care providers working in the OR. The study finding suggests that a tailored education and training strategies should be considered to develop an effective safety culture for healthcare professionals working in OR.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.493-502
• /
• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the current status of oral health applications developed for smartphones because they can be used as a new educational medium to manage and improve oral health. Methods: This study examined 60 basic oral health applications provided by Google Play Store and Apple App Store as of May 2019 and examined delivery contents, delivery methods, application types, and other information. Results: Apple included 65.4% of oral apps in the game category whereas Android included 64.3% in the education category (p>0.05). All Apple's apps and 71.4% of Android apps were developed overseas (p<0.01). The delivery contents were 61.5% for Brushing + tooth decay in Apple, and 78.6% for others (oral care products and gum diseases) in Android (p>0.05). For the delivery method, game + video was 65.4% in Apple, and game and other methods (text, image, augmented reality) was 42.9% in Android (p>0.05). In the case of application type, play type was the most common with 88.5% in Apple, and 46.4% play type and 39.3% other type (text, appreciation, problem-solving types) in Android (p<0.01). In addition, play type was high in both education (53.8%) and game (90.0%) categories (p>0.05). The average review score was 4.30 in the education category, 4.34 in the case of brushing and care (delivery contents), 4.37 in the case of using game + video (delivery methods), and 4.57 in the case of Play + other types (application type) (p>0.05). Conclusions: The use of healthcare apps is expected to increase owing to improved lifestyles, an increase in the elderly population, cost-effectiveness, and convenience that is not affected by time and place. Effective use of oral health apps will require the participation of dental professionals in the development process to identify the exact status, expand subjects, and provide appropriate information.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.7-10
• /
• 2018

Rare diseases are life threatening or chronically debilitating diseases with a low prevalence (less than 2,000 people in a population), which includes lysosomal storage diseases. These diseases are often seen as unimportant especially in developing countries, such as Indonesia, due to small number of patients. National Rare Disease Center in Indonesia was pioneered almost 20 years ago and officially established in 2017 by the Indonesian Minister of Health. Lysosomal storage disease become the most commonly found inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) in Indonesia due to easily accessible diagnostic facilities. Currently there are 7 patients receiving ERT in this mixed-donation scheme, one patient with Gaucher disease and 6 patients with MPS type II. Few challenges for ERT in Indonesia include importation through special access scheme, preparation of ERT infusion in intensive care settting, and cost of treatment. Even with limited resources, healthcare professionals in Indonesia have been giving the best care possible for rare disease patients, especially to provide diagnostic facilities through collaboration and treatment options for treatable rare diseases. Improvements in care for rare disease patients are still needed.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.81-96
• /
• 1995

This study was intended to provide women who are supposed to experience childbirth with effective nursing care exploring the childbirth experience. The purpose of this paper is to give an answer to the question of what the childbirth experience is, and phenomenological method has been used for that purpose. 17 primiparous mothers right after delivery in one university hospital of J city were served as subjects for this research. Data were collected June to October, 1993 through in depth interview with subjects using unstructured and open questions about the childbirth experience. Van Kaam's phenomenological analysis method was used for the analysis of the data. The results of the study are summarized as follows : The contents of the experience which primiparous mothers had undergone through childbirth were pain, fear, worry, relief, lightness, thankfulness, unsatisfactory, unreality, holiness for a new life, identifying the meaning of life, becoming a mother. 1. Experience before delivery Mothers experienced pain, fear, worry, unsatisfactory, relief, and thankfulness before delivery. Subjects' descriptions about the pain appeared to be various ; unbearable pain, bearable pain, anticipated pain. And their reactions were also various ours ; some endured pain, sought alternative method i.e., surgery, didn't want to reexperience it, or accepted it as women's fate. Subjects experienced fear for anticipated pain, suffering pain, and possible delayed delivery progress and were worried about delivery progress and baby wellbeing. Also, Subjects were unsatisfied with professionals' unfaithful attitude, their spouses' absence, and the ignorance of their pain. But subjects became relieved at the accustomed surroundings, good progress of delivery, support of family, care of professionals and support of other family. And they expressed their thanks to the professionals and family members for doing their best and also to their mothers who gave birth to them. 2. Experience after delivery Subjects experienced lightness, thankfulness, unsatisfactory, worry, unreality, holiness for a new life, identifying the meaning of life, becoming a mother after delivery. Mothers experienced lightness from the fact that it is over, and freshness right after delivery. They were thankful that they delivered vaginally and had an easy delivery. Subjects who delivered female baby were unsatisfied and some were worried about rearing the baby. By confessing, "I have no specific feeling, I am very confused, It is unrealistic, I feel strange", they expressed the unrealistic aspect of childbirth experience. Subjects felt holiness for a new life for novelty and birth of life. They identified the meaning of life from the fact that they felt worthy, fulfilled their duty, had their own baby, accomplished an important affair. After they experienced what it is to be a mother, they realized with it is being a mother and had a rearing expectation for the baby. The results of the study will provide basic data for caring the childbearing women.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.187-206
• /
• 2001

The study was carried out to estimate the prevalence and possible causes of refractive errors in primary school children. At one primary school in urban Daegu, one in the medium-sized city of Yongcheon and 2 in rural areas, children wearing glasses and children with visual acuity of less than 0.7 were given our questions. 354 out of 378 children responded to our questions. The research was done from March 2000 to February 2001. The data were analyzed by percentage, x2 test, t-test, ANOVA and Scheff method. Children with eyesight problems were more prevalent in urban areas than rural areas. The lack of luminosity during reading (p=0.015), length of reading time (p=0.08) and posture which watching TV (p=0.023) appeared leading causes of progressing myopias. The visual impairment caused by refractive errors may affect the mental and physical activity of primary school children and lead to social isolation, loneliness and depression. However, little attention may be paid by professionals engaged in providing health care to the children. Once we have recognized the impact of visual impairment, we may be in a better position to prevent progressing refractive errors.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.881-892
• /
• 1998

This study attempts to identify attitudes of community leaders toward mental illness in order to obtain useful information concerning the planning of community mental health services. The community sample consists of 50 community leaders including, civil servants, doctors, herb doctors, school nurses, counselors, village leaders, pharmacists, and pastors. Individuals were asked to give demographic data, their personal attitudes toward mental illness' etiology & prognosis, and toward neighbors who are psychiatric patients. The interview with open questions was used to collect data. According to the study community leaders 82% believed that mental illness could be treated, 66% believed that mental illness was caused by genetic factors and environmental stress, and 76% had negative impressions about mentally ill people such as fear, seclusion, asylum, also crime. Only 28% of mentally ill people were accepted as neighbors in community. 52% of community leaders rejected opening of mental hospital, and thought that the Chunchon community needed facilities such as group homes, or day care centers (30%), however, 34% of the leaders they didn't recognize community mental health. These findings suggest that mental health professionals need to pay special attention to change the attitude of Chunchon community leaders and mental health institutions need to a develop mental health education program for community leaders.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.401-408
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to assess the home nursing and quality of life of parents caring for preschool children with atopic dermatitis and to identify the factors which influence quality of life. Methods: Participants in the study were 149 parents of preschool children with atopic dermatitis attending a kindergarten and a nursery school in S city. Parent completed a set of questionnaires (assessing demographic factors, home nursing, quality of life). Descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean score for home nursing was $3.06{\pm}0.38$ and for quality of life, $4.18{\pm}0.74$. The lowest scored question in the 13 question on quality of life was that of frustration related to itching sensation. Significant factors that affect quality of life were severity and home care. These variables explained 21% of variance in quality of life (F=21.17, p<.001). Conclusion: The results indicate that severity of childhood atopic dermatitis and home nursing impact on the quality of life of parents. Using the above findings, health professionals who work with children with atopic dermatitis and their parents need to develop specific nursing interventions that will promote health of children with atopic dermatitis and quality of life in their parents.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.203-215
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of the supportive program for arthritis patients. who are attending a rheumatoid arthritis clinic. To achieve this purpose. this study adopted a quasi-experimental. pre- and post-test research design. comparing experimental group with control one. Supportive program was composed of in-depth. 3 times of direct interview and 2 times of advice using telephone for 8 weeks. The object of these interviews and phone was focused on the improvement of patients' preception for health. During this period. the level of pain, hemato-immunologic indices(ESR, CRP). self-efficacy, depression. and perception for health were measured in both grooups. Data were analysed by $x^2-test$, t-test. repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson's correlations. The results were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in physiological data. 2. The feeling of self-efficacy was significantly increased in experimental group(P=.012), 3. There was no significant differences in depression. 4. The perception for health status was significantly increased in experimental group(P=.002). Thus, the supportive program. which is focused on the close interpersonal communication. proved to be effective. This result justifies the following suggestion that the role of the nursing professionals in out-patient clinic should be extended for more qualified care for the patients.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.311-321
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on the current status and ways to improve the dental hygiene society by investigating working conditions, working experience, dental institution types among some dental hygienists, and ways to improve the dental hygiene society. Methods: This study conducted an online survey to 450 graduates of the department of dental hygiene in colleges in Gyeonggi, Jeolla and Gangwon Provinces. This study got some help in securing the list of graduates from the heads of the departments. SPSS WIN 23.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: To questions on what is the most important thing in considering to apply for jobs, the highest proportion (39.1%) of respondents designated employee welfare, followed by improvement of clinical dental hygiene (34.0%), of welfare related contents (26.0%), and salary (19.5%). In the relationship between employee welfare and dental institution type and between employee welfare and work experience, employee welfare tend to rise with the increase of work years. In the relationship between the director and staff members, it was found that as work years accumulate, the relationship tends to decrease. The dental clinic with no more than five staff members showed the best relationship between the leader and co-workers, while employee welfare was the highest in the other types of clinics, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: Dental hygienists need to make various efforts to improve their statuses as professionals. In order to secure a part of professionalism, it is necessary for them to make more efforts to realize the health-care professionals being promoted by the Dental Hygienists Association of Korea.