• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.2895-2902
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• 2012

The Occupational health and safety is an important factor in the competitiveness of an enterprise. In this paper, activation strategies of OHSMS(Occupational health and safety management system) were systematically and quantitatively analyzed and suggested using SWOT/AHP(Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunity, Threat/Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis. In these results, activation strategies of this system can be suggested as followings ; Making worker safety-friendly image of enterprise, developing the quantitative indices related to management results in accreditation programs of OHSMS, constructing the relationship between OHSMS and product safety management, and developing the customized integrated accreditation system.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1-5
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the changes of postural sway and muscle activation while standing upright and performing a dual task. Methods: Nine healthy adults were recruited and provided their written informed consent. They performed a balance task with and without a cognitive task on a force flatform (Good balance, Metitur Ltd., Filand). Postural sway was measured as medio-lateral and anterior-posterior distance and the velocity of the center of pressure and muscle activations of the ankle dorsi- and plantar-muscle was measured. The recruits completed three trials and the data was analyzed by a paired t-test. Results: There were significant differences in the medio-lateral and anterior-posterior distance and the velocity of the center of pressure, and significant increases in the muscle activities of the tibialis anterior. Conclusion: These findings revealed that performing a dual task increases postural sway and muscle activation of the ankle when simultaneously maintaining balance and performing another cognitive task. Future studies should focus on balance training with a dual task for patients.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.303-311
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey patient activation for self-management and to identify factors associated with patient activation for self-management among community residents with osteoarthritis in Korea. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was used. Survey data were collected from 270 community residents with osteoarthritis through direct interviews. Studied factors included patient activation, joint pain, physical function, depression, and general characteristics. Data were analyzed using chi-squared test, t-test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The participants' mean score of patient activation was $56.0{\pm}16.61$. The mean score of each factor was $10.6{\pm}5.89$ for joint pain, $5.5{\pm}3.56$ for physical function, and $19.3{\pm}10.01$ for depression. The patient activation level was significantly associated with depression and general characteristics such as education, religion, comorbid hypertension, and use of medical clinics (p<.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that depression, education, religion, comorbid hypertension, and use of medical clinics may be important factors to be considered when developing programs of patient activation for self-management. This is the first study that measured patient activation, and further studies are suggested to find factors associated with patient activation for self-management among community residents with other chronic diseases.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2001

Bacterial reverse mutation assays were performed for 20 workplace chemicals in Korea, which were selected among workplace chemicals under the Korea Industrial Safety and Health Act (KISHA) with the occupational exposure levels (OELs). The assays were carried out by using the pre-incubation method ($37 ^{\circ}C$, 20 min) with and without metabolic activation using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and E. coli WP2uvrA. The chemicals were tested at 5 concentrations both in the preliminary and the second assays. Despite the cell toxicities, there were no chemical-induced mutagenicities with or without metabolic activation in any of 20 chemicals.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2011

Egg activation is a crucial step that initiates embryo development upon breaking the meiotic arrest. In mammalian, egg activation is accomplished by fusion with sperm, which induces the repeated intracellular $Ca^{2+}$- increases ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$ oscillation). Researches in mammals support the view of the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ oscillation and egg activation is triggered by a protein factor from sperm that causes $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ release from endoplasmic reticulum, intracellular $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ store, by persistently activation of phosphoinositide pathway. It represents that the sperm factor generates production of inositol trisphosphate ($IP_3$). Recently a sperm specific form of phospholipase C zeta, referred to as PLCZ was identified. In this paper, we confer the evidence that PLCZ represent the sperm factor that induces $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ oscillation and egg activation and discuss the correlation of PLCZ and infertility.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.101.1-101.1
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• 2001

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of book bag handling styles and types of footwear on muscle activation of erector spine muscles and calf muscles. Methods : Ten participants took off their book bags and used sneakers to walk on a treadmill for 30 minutes. The following day, 10 participants put on their backpack with 10% of the weight and used sneakers to walk on the treadmill for 30 minutes. On the last day, 10 participants put on their backpack with 10% of the weight and used formal shoes to walk on the treadmill for 30 minutes. After walking on the treadmill at 3 mph for thirty minutes, we measured muscle activation in erector spine muscles and calf muscles. Results : The results of this study showed the activation of the erector spine muscles and the calf muscles significantly increased when walking with a book bag and the activation of the erector spine muscles and the calf muscles significantly increased when walking in formal shoes. Conclusion : Using a backpack and formal shoes increase muscle activity of erector spine muscles and calf muscles. The results of this study indicate that not using a backpack and wearing sneakers are more beneficial than that using a backpack weighted 10% and wearing formal shoes and can be recommended to adult women by clinicians.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.411-416
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of activation of gluteus maximus (Gmax) and abdominal muscle using EMG biofeedback on lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles in standing position. Methods: Fourteen healthy subjects with normal feet participated in the present study. Electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback using visual cue was used to activate the external oblique (EO) and Gmax. The lumbosacral and tibiocalcalcaneal angles were measured by electronic goniometers. All the subjects were instructed to activate the Gmax and EO monitoring increasing amounts of the muscle activities in each muscle. The lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles were collected in three trials during resting and activation of each muscle using EMG biofeedback in standing position. The mean value of three trials was used in the data analysis. A paired-t test was used to compare the lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles between resting and activation of the Gmax and EO using EMG biofeedback. Results: The lumbosacral and tibiocalcaneal angles were significantly less in the resting compared to activation using EMG biofeedback (p<0.05). Conclusion: The activaition of Gmax and abdominal muscles using EMG biofeedback play role to control the pronation of subtalar joint during the weight-bearing.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.187-191
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of our study aimed to identify the effect of static and dynamic bridge exercise with gym ball using gym ball on muscle activation of trunk and lower-limb in healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 20 healthy adults participated in this study. The individuals performed general bridge exercise, static and dynamic bridge exercise using gym ball. During the three methods of bridge exercises, electromyography (EMG) data (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction) of the rectus abdominis, erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius were recorded using a wireless surface EMG system. Results: Rectus abdominis activation showed significantly greater during dynamic bridge exercise compared with general bridge exercise and dynamic bridge exercise. Erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius were greater during static and dynamic bridge exercise compared with general bridge exercise. Conclusion: Based on our results, bridge exercise using gym ball, particularly integrating lower-limb movement, could be a useful method to enhance muscle activation of trunk and lower-limb (rectus abdominis, erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius).

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2021

Background: During squat exercises, Ankle joint stability during squat movement transfers forces produced by unstable supports or various loads to the leg joints and trunk, reducing the risk of injury; therefore, a reference is needed for correct ankle joint posture during squat exercises. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ankle joint stability on quadriceps femoris and hamstring activation during squat exercises. Design: Quasi-experiment one group pretest-posttest design. Methods: The participants in this study were 20 volunteers who performed squat exercises with and without kinesiology tape. We measured quadriceps femoris and hamstring activation using surface electromyography. The ankle joint was stabilized with kinesiology tape using the ankle balance taping (ABT) method. A paired t-test was performed to compare differences between taping conditions. Results: Vastus medialis and vastus lateralis activation were greater following squat exercises with kinesiology tape than without; however, the difference was not significant. Medial and lateral hamstring activation was not significantly different between taping conditions. Conclusion: Although it is difficult to maintain stability using kinesiology tape alone, ankle joint stability is believed to affect quadriceps femoris muscle activity, which increases the effectiveness of the squat exercise.