• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1992

According to the 17th century palace construction documents, head artisans were called Pyunsoo. In one building constructions, not only carpenters but also masons, plasterers and painters had their own head, Pyunsoos. This meant that Moksoo-Pyunsoo, head carpenter, could not manage the whole design of the building. Moreover, in many cases, selecting and laying the site of the building were determined by the geomancers. Under those working conditions, Moksoo-Pyunsoo could only have charge of designing the wooden parts, such as structural forms or detailed carvings. The documents showed that some dominent carpenters, like Kwak Ki Jong or Lee Choon Bong, had taken on the post of Moksoo-Pyunsoo in almost every palace constructions, especially inner palace buildings. Form the fact that the same carpenters had worked continuosly, it can be presumed that there would have many resemblance of structural forms or carvings among those inner palace buildings.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.11-19
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to explain the tectonic characteristics of 'Kan' which is an unit of composition in the head residence of Uisong Kims. Here, the 'Kan' is assumed as a conceptual framework to organize a house and also a maneuvering tool to control the spatial order with relationship between the whole and the part. Not limited to the simple conceptual aspects, but the interrelated elements such as the site conditions, modules, functions, structure and aesthetic factors. Through the process of the study, the role of 'Kan' is proved to be a tectonic tool for self-regulating architectural order by relation matrix of elements. 'Kan' is not only a fixed measuring tool for functions and material of a house but also a flexible device to control the building composition. 'Kan' is certainly a relative subject for measurement of form, space and aesthetic quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.586-591
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• 2004

A load/unload mechanism is applied to most small form factor hard disk drives. Loading velocity is ones of the most important factors to ensure the reliability of the load/unload operations. Especially, the lower the flying height of the head becomes, the more important the accuracy of the loading velocity control becomes. Because there is no sensor during the load/unload operations, BEMF voltage is used to sense the head velocity. To measure BEMF voltage, a simple circuit is added to the load/unload HDD control system. Overall acceptable results are obtained by using the simple PI controller but the errors from the target velocity occur when the head moves along the ramp and then reaches the disk. Feedforward profile and disturbance observer are used to remove those errors effectively.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.397-407
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• 2022

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the most common and serious form of child abuse and a leading cause of traumatic death in infants and young children. The biomechanics of head injuries include violent shaking, blunt impact, or a combination of both. Neuroimaging plays an important role in recognizing and distinguishing abusive injuries from lesions from accidental trauma or other causes, because clinical presentation and medical history are often nonspecific and ambiguous in this age group. Understanding common imaging features of AHT can increase recognition with high specificity for AHT. In this review, we discuss the biomechanics of AHT, imaging features of AHT, and other conditions that mimic AHT.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.56 no.12
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• pp.749-753
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• 2013

Basically stem cells have characteristics of multi-potency, differentiation into multiple tissue types, and self-renew through proliferation. Recent advances in stem cell biology can make identifying the stem-cell like cells in various mammalian tissues. Stem cells in various tissues can restore damaged tissue. Stem cells from the adult nervous system proliferate to form clonal floating colonies called spheres in vitro, and recent studies have demonstrated sphere formation by cells in the tympanic membrane, vestibular system, spiral ganglion, and partly in the organ of Corti. The presence of stem cells in the ear raises the possibilities for the regeneration of the tympanic membrane & inner ear hair cells & neurons. But the gradual loss of stem cells postnatally in the organ of Corti may correlate with the loss of regenerative capacity and limited hearing restoration. Future strategies using endogenous stem cells in the ear can be the another treatment modality for the patients with intractable inner ear diseases.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.700-714
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• 2014

This study aims to identify the relations between seakeeping characteristics and hull form parameters for YTU Gulet series with cruiser stern. Seakeeping analyses are carried out by means of a computer software which is based on the strip theory and statistical short term response prediction method. Multiple regression analysis is used for numerical assessment through a computer software. RMS heave-pitch motions and absolute vertical accelerations on passenger saloon for Sea State 3 at head waves are investigated for this purpose. It is well known that while ship weight and the ratios of main dimensions are the primary factors on ship motions, other hull form parameters ($C_P$, $C_{WP}$, $C_{VP}$, etc.) are the secondary factors. In this study, to have an idea of geometric properties on ship motions of gulets three different regression models are developed. The obtained outcomes provide practical predictions of seakeeping behavior of gulets with a high level of accuracy that would be useful during the concept design stage.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2017

Background and Objectives: Voice change after thyroidectomy may develop without injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve. Psychogenic or emotional factors related to voice change after thyroidectomy has been rarely studied. In this study, we sought to analyze the impact of anxiety on early state of post-thyroidectomy voice change. Materials and Methods: We made a retrospective chart review of 36 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma and voice exam before surgery, 2 weeks after and 1 month after surgery. All patients included in the study answered a questionnaire for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ; STAI-KYZ (form Korean YZ). Clinico-pathologic factors and parameters of voice analysis were reviewed to analyze correlation to the anxiety index. Results: No differences were identified between clinicopathologic factors and preoperative parameters of voice analysis between patients with higher and lower level of anxiety. Noise to harmonic ratio (NHR) was higher in those patients with higher level of anxiety, 2 weeks after surgery (p=0.043). However, none of the parameters showed any difference 1 month later. Conclusion: With limited number of patients and short period of follow up, significant impact of preoperative anxiety on postoperative voice change after thyroidectomy could not be identified in this preliminary study.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.153-168
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the formative aesthetic of head accessory design in korean women. Coming to Chosen, women from the court ir the nobility were Jukui, Wonsam, Whalot, Dangui and so on and as for the hair-form in this era, there were a long trees of hair for single and Unzonmeri(By making a tree with hair and raised up roundly) and Jjokmeri(Doing one's hair up in a chignon on the back of one's head) for married, as for a wig for ceremony they used Daeshu(As a same with today's wig added various head accessory design), Kunmeri(Putting a big hair made with a tree of Dukuji on Ayemeri) and Ayemeri(A big hair made with Darae on the head) and as for an head accessory design, there were Biye, Ddelgam and Chupji, which hadn't regularly developed untill the era Chosun. As is known, coming to the era of Chosun, the widely and generally used Biye and Duykokii fitted well to the most usual Jjokmeri.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.530-536
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• 2006

Bacteriophage P4, a satellite phage of coliphage P2, is a very useful experimental tool for the study of viral capsid assembly and cos-cleavage. For an in vitro cos-cleavage reaction study of the P2-P4 system, new shortened and selectable markers containing P4 derivative plasm ids were designed as a substrate molecules. They were constructed by swapping the non-essential segment of P4 DNA for either the kanamycin resistance (kmr) gene or the ampicillin resistance (apr) gene. The size of the genomes of the resulting markers were 82% (P4 ash8 delRI:: kmr) and 79% (P4 ash8 delRI:: apr) of the wild type P4 genome. To determine the lower limit of genome size that could be packaged into the small P4-size bead, these shortened P4 plasmids were converted to phage particles with infection of the helper phage P2. The conversion of plasmid P4 derivatives to bacteriophage particles was verified by the heat stability test and the burst size determination experiment. CsCl buoyant equilibrium density gradient experiments confirmed not only the genome size of the viable phage form of shortened P4 derivatives, but also their packaging into the small P4-size head. P4 ash8 delRI:: apr turned out to be the smallest P4 genome that can be packaged into P4-sized head.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.204-211
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• 2010

Background and Objectives : Boundary detection and drawing are essential in 3D reconstruction of neck mass. Manual tracing methods are popular for drawing head and neck tumor. To improve manual tracing, circular boundaries overlapping was tried. Materials and Methods : Twenty patients with neck tumors were recruited for study. Representative frames were examined for shapes of outline. They were all single closed curves. Circular boundaries were added to fill the outlines of the tumors. Inserted circles were merged to form single closed curves(Circular boundary overlapping, CBO). After surface rendering, 3 dimensional images with volumes and area data were made. Same procedures were performed with manual tracing from same cases. 3D images were compared with surgical photographs of tumors for shape similarity by 2 doctors. All data were evaluated with Mann-Whitney test(p<0.05). Results : Shapes of boundaries from CBO were similar with boundaries from manual tracing. Tumor outlines could be filled with multiple circular boundaries., While both boundary tracing gave same results in small tumors, the bigger tumors showed different data. Two raters gave the similar high scores for both manual and CBO methods. Conclusion : Circular boundary overlapping is time saver in 3 dimensional reconstruction of CT images.